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1 多年来九龙江口海域胶质类浮游动物 ( 水螅水母类管水母类和栉水母类 ) 和浮游动物群落变化林茂国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 Changes in Gelatinous zooplankton (Hydroidomedusea( Hydroidomedusea, Siphonophora and Ctenophora) ) and zooplankton community in Jiulongjiang estuary, China, in recent years Mao LIN Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration Tel: LM301@sina.com

2 河口是流域物流的归宿之地流域物流的归宿之地随着九龙江随着九龙江流域及周边地区流域及周边地区经济的高速发展, 农药化肥施用量增加, 工业化城市化进程加快, 大量污染物排泄入海, 近年来, 九龙江口海域营养盐污染物含量明显增加, 赤潮灾害频发, 浮游植物的丰度呈增长趋势, 一些种的优势度十分突出, 浮游植物的群落结构已发生了变化由于九龙江口区的养殖围垦和大型工程建设对底栖生物的直接影响, 底栖生物的组类组成和各类别密度和生物量比例已出现变化 Background High anthropogenic activities Increasing TIN,TIP,eutrophication, index and record of red tide Rising phytoplankton abundance Shift in benthos diversity How about gelatinous zooplankton and zooplankton?

3 活性磷酸盐含量 (mg/dm 3 ) y = x Fig 1 Long-term changes in TIP in Jiulongjiang estuary 时间 ( 年份 ) 总无机氮含量 (mg/dm 3 ) y = x Fig.2 Long-term changes in TIN in Jiulongjiang estuary 时间 ( 年份 )

4 近年来, 九龙江口海域富营养化程度有所上升 1986 年 ~1989~ 年期间富营养化指数均值为 0.33,, 尚属贫营养海区 ;1990; 年 ~1999~ 年期间富营养化指数均值为 0.41,, 已经成为中营养海区 ; 而 2000 以来富营养化指数均值为 0.92, For eutrphication index, there was mean value of 0.33 in 80s, 0.44 in 90s and in 2004s. Fig 3 Long-term changes in eutrophication index in Jiulongjiang estuary Eutrophication index is increasing with years and decade in Jiulongjiang estuary

5 Tab 1 Record of red tide 时间 ( 年 - 月 - 日 ) 赤潮种类裸甲藻 (Gymnodinium sp.) 短角弯角藻 (Eucampia zoodiacus) 铜绣微囊藻 (Microcystis aeruginosa) 角毛藻 (Chaetoceros sp.) 中肋骨条藻 (Skeletonema costatum) 角毛藻 (Chaetoceros sp.) 角毛藻 (Chaetoceros sp.) 角毛藻 (Chaetoceros sp.) 中肋骨条藻 (Skeletonema costatum) 中肋骨条藻 (Skeletonema costatum) 中肋骨条藻 (Skeletonema costatum)

7 研究海区 Study area Fig 4 九龙江口海域 Jiulongjiang estuary

8 2.2 采样方法与标本鉴定 1980 年 1990 年和 2004 年采自九龙江口的浮游动物定量样品浮游动物定量样品的采集以浮游动物定量样品的采集以浅水 I 网 ( 网长 140cm, 网口直径 50cm, 网目 500μm,, 由 GG36 15 目 /cm 筛绢制成 ), 从底至表以 0.5m/s 的速度垂直拖曳至海面, 样品用 5% 福尔马林溶液固定所有的标本在显微镜和体视显微镜进行分类鉴定, 并在体视显微镜下进行个体计数样品的处理与分析均按海洋生物调查海洋生物调查规范 (GB ( GB ) 的有关规定进行 2.3 数据处理物种多样性指数 (H )(, 优势度 (Y)( 和聚类分析采用 Primer 软件

9 胶质类浮游动物的群落结构 Gelatinous zooplankton Community structure 14 species were identified in 1980, 6 species in 1990 and 11 species in 2004 种类组成 Species composition Tab. 2 胶质类浮游动物种类组成的年代际变化 Hydromedusae Euphysora bigelowi Turritopsis lata Ramus xiamenensis Obelia spp. Eucheilota sp. Clytia folleatum C.hemisphaericum Malagazzia carolinae M. condencum Malagazzia. sp. Proboscidactyla ornata Nemopsis bachei Helgicirrha malayensis Octophialucium sp. Eirene ceylonensis Eirene sp. Eutima sp. Aequorea conica Siphnonphora Physophora hydrostatica Lensia subtiloides Ctenophora Pleurobrachia globosa Beroe cucumis

10 3.1.2 丰度 Abundance of gelatinous zooplankton Fig. 5 九龙江口龙江口海域胶质类浮游动物丰度的年代际变化 Total abundance of gelatinous zooplankton and abundance of Ctenophora is rising, and Hydromeidomedusae is decreasing with years 1600 丰度 ( 个 /100m 3 ) Ctenophora Siphnophora Hydromedusae 年 1990 年 2004 年时间

11 3.1.3 优势种 Dominant species of gelatinous zooplankton Dominant species belongs to Hydroidomedusae in 1980, to Ctenophora in 1990 and 2004 Tab 3 近年来九龙江口胶质类浮游动物优势种及其优势度 (Y) Pleurobrachia globosa Malagazzia carolinae 0.08 Clytia hemisphaericum 0.03 Eirene ceylonensis 0.06

12 图 3 近年来九龙江口胶质类浮游动物丰度 ( 个 /100m 3 ), 多样性指数 (H ), 优势种丰度 ( 个 /100m 3 ) 及其优势度 (Y) 的变化 Fig 6 Abundance, diversity index, dominant species and its Y of gelatinous zooplankton in Jiulongjiang estuary, in recent years Total abundance of gelatinous zooplankton is increasing with increasing abundance of Pleurobrochia globosa and its Y Diversity index of gelatinous zooplankton is decreasing with increasing abundance of pleurobrochia globosa and its Y H' Pleurobrachia globosa Abundance of gelatinous zooplankton 0.1 Y 0.0

13 3.1.4 群落 Community of gelatinous zooplankton Stress:.07 图 4 九龙江口海域胶质类浮游动物的多维排序 ( MDS ) 分析图 Fig 7 The analysis of MDS in gelatinous zooplankton. The plot indicates that gelatinous zooplankton community had evident change with years

14 浮游动物 Zooplankton 丰度和生物量 Abundance and biomass 丰度 ( 个 /100m 3 ) 和生物量 (mg/100m 3 ) 生物量丰度时间 Fig 8 Total abundance of zooplankton experience a peak period in 1980 and a valley period in 1990, and now the abundance is going upward. Biomass of zooplankton had no evident change between1990 and 2004.This indicates that the abundance increase with increasing abundance of small-size size zooplankton

15 Tab 4 Dominant species of zooplankton Dominant species composition had evident change. Oithona brevicornis Paracalanus crassirostris and Bestiola amoyensis appeared for the first time in 2004, they were all small-size size zooplankton. Pleurobrachia globosa had appeared since 1990 种名 Acartia spinicauda Labidocera euchaeta Tortanus forcipatus 1568 Eucalanus subcrassus 1279 Temora turbinate 678 Pseudeuphausia sinica 689 Acartiella sinensis 852 Calanopia thompsoni 711 Sagitta.pulchra 880 Sagitta bedoti 1692 Pleurobrachia globosa Paracalanus crassirostris Oithona brevicornis Bestiola amoyensis 6818

16 Tab 5 近年来九龙江口海域浮游动物优势种排序 zooplankton The sequence of dominant 排序 Labidocera euchaeta Labidocera euchaeta Oithona brevicornis 2 Acartia spinicauda Acartia spinicauda Paracalanus crassirostris 3 Tortanus forcipatus Sagitta bedoti Bestiola amoyensis 4 Eucalanus subcrassus Pleurobrachia globosa Labidocera euchaeta 5 Pseudeuphausia sinica Acartiella sinensis Pleurobrachia globosa 6 Temora turbinate Calanopia thompsoni Sagitta.pulchra The sequence of dominant zooplankton had change in recent years. Labidocera euchaeta came the first, Acartia spinidauda the second in 1980 and Oithona brevicornis came the first, Paracalanus crassirostris the second, Bestiola amoyensis the third in 2004

17 群落 Shift in community of zooplankton Stress:.2 D8/2004 D7/2004 D3/2004 D5/2004 D4/ /1980 M3015/1990 D6/2004 M3013/1990 M3016/ / /1980 M3017/1990 M3014/ / / /1980 M3018/ /1980 Fig 9 九龙江口海域浮游动物的多维排序 ( MDS ) 分析图 The analysis of MDS on zooplankton. The plot indicates that zooplankton community had change with years

18 Summary Gelatinous Zooplankton Total abundance of gelatinous zooplankton and abundance of Ctenophora is rising, and Hydromeidomedusae is decreasing with years and decades. Dominant species, Malagazzia carolinae,clytia hemisphaericum and Eirene ceylonensis belongs to Hydroidomedusae in 1980, to Ctenophora in 1990 and 2004 Total abundance of gelatinous zooplankton is increasing with increasing abundance of Pleurobrochia globosa and its Y Diversity index of gelatinous zooplankton is decreasing with increasing abundance of pleurobrochia globosa and its Y The analysis from MDS indicates that gelatinous zooplankton community had evident change with years. We have paid attention to the shift of community from zooplankton species Zooplankton Total abundance of zooplankton experience a peak period in 1980 and a valley period in 1990, and now the abundance is going upward. Biomass of zooplankton had no evident change between1990 and 2004.This indicates that the abundance increase with increasing abundance of small-size size zooplankton Dominant species composition and their sequence had evident change in recent years. The analysis from MDS indicates that zooplankton community had evidente change with years. We have particularly paid attention to the phenomena of size ze-reducing of the zooplankton species.

19 谢谢!

Microsoft Word - 6——陈学超_news_.doc

Microsoft Word - 6——陈学超_news_.doc 南黄海浮游动物群落结构研究陈学超 1, 朱丽岩 1, 黄瑛 2, 巩文静 1 1, 郝雅 (1., 266003; 2., 100141) 摘要 : 根据 2014 年春秋季南黄海 16 个站位的生物样品进行了浮游动物群落结构研究共鉴定出 99 种浮游动物, 其中春季 68 种, 秋季 78 种除浮游幼虫外, 种类较多的类群是桡足类 (34 种, 占总种类数的 34.3%) 水螅水母(13