Anti-Corruption 反腐败 Transparency International Releases 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index 透明国际发布 2018 年全球清廉指数排名 China s Score and Ranking Both Fall, D

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1 Transparency International Releases 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index 透明国际发布 2018 年全球清廉指数排名 and Both Fall, Despite Continuous Domestic Anti-Corruption Campaign 虽然国内持续反腐败运动, 的得分与排名双双退步 February 3, 年 2 月 3 日 On January 29, 2019, Transparency International ( TI ) released its 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index ( ), which ranks countries and territories by their perceived levels of public-sector corruption. The latest figures show that, despite continuous domestics anti-corruption enforcement, China went down in both score and ranking, with a score of 39 out of 100 (where 0 represents most corrupt and 100 represents least corrupt) and a ranking of 87 out of 180 countries and territories indexed. In the Asia and Pacific regions, China ranks the 14th among all 35 indexed countries/territories, before Indonesia and after India 年 1 月 29 日, 透明国际 ( 透明国际 ) 发布 2018 年度清廉指数 ( ), 该指数按公共部门清廉印象水平为各国家和地区排名根据最新的数据, 尽管国内持续反腐败执法运动, 的分数和排名双双下滑, 以 39 分 ( 满分 100 分, 其中 0 分表示最腐败,100 分表示最清廉 ) 在 180 个列入指数的国家和地区中排名第 87 位在亚州和太平洋地区参与排名的所有 35 个国家和地区中, 名列第 14 位, 位于印度尼西亚之前和印度之后 score is four points below the average score (43) for all jurisdictions indexed. According to the figures, after falling 10 places, China is perceived to be of comparable corruption risk as Serbia. 的得分比所有列入指数的国家和地区的平均得分 (43) 低四分根据数据, 在排名下降了整整 10 位后, 的腐败风险与塞尔维亚相当 ly, since 2012, scores for most jurisdictions have generally stable. Only 20 countries have made significant improvement in their scores, including Estonia and Côte D Ivoire, and 16 have considerably declined, including, Australia, Chile and Malta. On the 2018 index, Demark (88) and New Zealand (87) continue to stay on the top whereas Somalia (10) remains at the bottom. Overall, 60 jurisdictions manage to better their score, with 55 remaining the same and 65 declining in score. Notably, the US dropped four points this year and falls outside of the top 20 countries on the. 1

2 从全球范围来看, 自 2012 年以来大多数国家和地区的得分大致趋于稳定仅有 20 个国家在分数方面取得大幅进步, 包括爱沙尼亚和科特迪瓦, 还有 16 个国家明显退步, 包括澳大利亚, 智利和马耳他在 2018 指数榜上, 丹麦 (88) 和新西兰 (87) 保持榜首地位, 而索马里 (10) 依旧垫底总体而言,60 个国家和地区分数上扬,55 个国家和地区保持原有得分, 而 65 个国家或地区则未能保住原有分数引人注目的是, 今年美国分数降了 4 分, 跌出排名前 20 的榜单 The average score for all indexed jurisdictions in the Asia and the Pacific regions is 42.4, compared with two score extremes - Western Europe (66.3) and Sub-Saharan Africa (31.6). The average score dropped by 0.1 point (from 42.3 in 2017), and scores for most Asia Pacific jurisdictions remain low, and only nine jurisdictions scored above 50. However, the areas show significant variance in public sector corruption from top scorers like New Zealand (87) and Singapore (85) to some of the worst scorers like North Korea (14) and Afghanistan (16). An interactive global map can be found here. 亚洲和太平洋地区所有指数国家的平均分数为 42.4, 较之于得分最高的西欧地区国家 (66.3) 和得分最低的非洲撒哈拉以南地区国家 (31.6) 亚太平均分降低了 0.1 分 ( 较 2017 年的 42.3 而言 ) 多数亚太国家得分偏低, 仅有 9 个国家和地区得分在 50 以上然而, 亚太地区也呈现出公共部门腐败现象的较大地区差别, 从得分极其领先的新西兰 (87) 和新加坡 (85) 到一些分数最低的国家如朝鲜 (14) 和阿富汗 (16) 点击此处可以查看互动全球地图 Methodology 清廉指数 () 的计算方法 The scores and ranks countries based on expert opinions as to how corrupt their public sectors are perceived to be. It is a composite index, constructed from a combination of 13 surveys and assessments of corruption that 12 independent institutions have collected over the past two years. In addition to TI itself, these institutions include the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, the World Justice Project, the Economist Intelligence Unit, the African Development Bank, the Bertelsmann Foundation, Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, Political Risk Services International, Insight, and Freedom House. All sources measure the overall extent of corruption (frequency and/or size of bribes) in the public and political sectors, and all sources provide a ranking of countries. 透明国际的清廉指数 () 是基于专家们对各国公共部门腐败程度印象的意见对其进行评分和排名这是基于 12 家独立机构在过去两年中收集的 13 项调查和腐败评估结果构建的一个复杂的指数除透明国际自身外, 这些机构还包括世界银行世界经济论坛世界正义工程经济学人智库非洲开发银行贝塔斯曼基金会政治和经济风险顾问公司政治风险服务集团环球透视及自由之家所有的评估机构均仔细地衡量了公共和政治领域腐败的总体程度 ( 贿赂的频率和 / 或规模 ), 并提供了国家的排名 2

3 Notably, the is based only on perceptions of corruption. Because corruption is almost always illegal and thus hidden, it is difficult to measure the absolute level of corruption in a given jurisdiction. Attempts to do so would be more likely to show how effective prosecutors, the courts, or the media are in investigating or exposing corruption. Thus, capturing perceptions of corruption of those in a position to offer assessments appears to be the most reliable method of comparing relative corruption levels across countries. 值得注意的是, 仅仅是基于对腐败程度的印象因为腐败几乎总是非法的, 因而也是隐蔽的, 所以很难衡量给定区域内的绝对腐败水平试图衡量腐败水平更有可能显示检察官法院或媒体调查或曝光腐败行为的有效程度因此, 对腐败印象进行调查是比较各国相对腐败水平的现有的最可靠方法 In 2012, TI updated its methodology to better capture changes in perceptions of corruption over time in individual countries. The new methodology uses only the raw scores given to each country/region, and then converts these raw scores to fit the scale. As a result of this update, it is possible to compare scores from one year to the next, starting with the scores in 在 2012 年, 透明国际更新了其计算方法, 以更好地反映各个国家中腐败印象随时间推移而产生的变化新方法仅使用每个国家 / 地区获得的原始得分, 然后将这些原始得分转换为得分由于这一更新, 自 2012 年起, 可以比较某一年和下一年的得分 3

4 Graphical Data 图表数据 Corruption Perceptions Index s in Recent Years 近年的清廉指数比较 Year 年度得分排名 Total Countries ed 排名国家总数 Countries with Comparable to China (+/- 0.1 on old scale, +/- 1 on new scale) 得分与相当的国家 ( 旧分制 +/- 0.1 分, 新分制 +/-1 分 ) Top- (Least Corrupt) 排名最高 ( 最清廉 ) Bottom- (Most Corrupt) 排名最低 ( 最腐败 ) Argentina, Benin, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland 阿根廷贝宁塞尔维亚波黑, 印度尼西亚斯里兰卡斯威士兰 Denmark (88) 丹麦 (88) Somalia (10) 索马里 (10) Burkina Faso, Lesotho, Tunisia, Serbia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Ghana, India, Morocco, Turkey 布基纳法索莱索托突尼斯塞尔维亚苏里南特立尼达和多巴哥加纳印度摩洛哥土耳其 New Zealand (90) 新西兰 (90) Somalia (9) 索马里 (9) 4

5 Year 年度得分排名 Total Countries ed 排名国家总数 Countries with Comparable to China (+/- 0.1 on old scale, +/- 1 on new scale) 得分与相当的国家 ( 旧分制 +/- 0.1 分, 新分制 +/-1 分 ) Top- (Least Corrupt) 排名最高 ( 最清廉 ) Bottom- (Most Corrupt) 排名最低 ( 最腐败 ) Bulgaria, Kuwait, Tunisia, Turkey, Belarus, Brazil, India, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jamaica, Lesotho 保加利亚科威特突尼斯土耳其白俄罗斯巴西印度阿尔巴尼亚波黑牙买加莱索托 New Zealand (90) 新西兰 (90) Somalia (10) 索马里 (10) Benin, Colombia, Liberia, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Burkina Faso, India, Thailand, Tunisia, Zambia, Albania, Algeria, Egypt, Indonesia, Morocco, Peru, Suriname 贝宁哥伦比亚利比里亚巴西斯里兰卡布基纳法索印度泰国突尼斯, 赞比亚, 阿尔巴尼亚, 阿尔及利亚, 埃及印度尼西亚摩洛哥秘鲁苏里南 Denmark (92) 丹麦 (92) North Korea, Somalia (8) 朝鲜索马里 (8) Algeria, Suriname, Armenia, Colombia, Egypt, Gabon, Liberia, Panama, Bolivia, Mexico, Moldova, Niger Denmark (92) 丹麦 (92) North Korea, Somalia (8) 朝鲜索马里 (8) 5

6 Year 年度得分排名 Total Countries ed 排名国家总数 Countries with Comparable to China (+/- 0.1 on old scale, +/- 1 on new scale) 得分与相当的国家 ( 旧分制 +/- 0.1 分, 新分制 +/-1 分 ) Top- (Least Corrupt) 排名最高 ( 最清廉 ) Bottom- (Most Corrupt) 排名最低 ( 最腐败 ) 阿尔及利亚苏里南亚美尼亚哥伦比亚埃及加蓬利比里亚巴拿马玻利维亚墨西哥摩尔多瓦尼日尔 Bulgaria, Senegal, Tunisia, Greece, Swaziland 保加利亚塞内加尔突尼斯希腊斯威士兰 Denmark, New Zealand (91) 丹麦新西兰 (91) Afghanistan, North Korea, Somalia (8) 阿富汗朝鲜索马里 (8) Sri Lanka, Serbia, Trinidad and Tobago, Burkina Faso, El Salvador, Jamaica, Panama, Peru 斯里兰卡塞尔维亚特立尼达和多巴哥布基纳法索萨尔瓦多牙买加巴拿马秘鲁 Denmark, Finland, New Zealand (90) 丹麦芬兰新西兰 (90) Somalia (8) 索马里 (8) 6

7 Comparison of s by Selected Country/Region 部分国家 / 地区的得分比较 Year 年度 Mainland China 大陆 Hong Kong 香港 Taiwan 台湾 United States 美国 United Kingdom 英国 India 印度 Brazil 巴西 Russia 俄罗斯 s - Selected Asian Jurisdictions 2018 部分亚洲国家及地区得分 Average of All Asia Pacific Jurisdictions 7

8 Asia Pacific Region 2018 s 亚洲和太平洋地区 2018 年度得分 (green shading indicates an improvement in the score; red shading indicates a decline in the score) ( 绿色阴影表示得分提升, 红色表示得分下降 ) Number Country/Region 国家 / 地区 New Zealand 新西兰 Singapore 新加坡 Australia 澳大利亚 Hong Kong 香港 Japan 日本 Bhutan 不丹 Taiwan 台湾 Brunei 文莱 South Korea 韩国 Malaysia 马来西亚 Vanuatu 瓦努阿图 * Solomon Islands 所罗门群岛 India 印度 Mainland China 大陆 Indonesia 印度尼西亚 Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡

9 Number Country/Region 国家 / 地区 Mongolia 蒙古 Philippines 菲律宾 Thailand 泰国 Timor-Leste 东帝汶 Vietnam 越南 Pakistan 巴基斯坦 Maldives 马尔代夫 Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦 Nepal 尼泊尔 Myanmar 缅甸 Laos 老挝 Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚 29. Kyrgyzstan 吉尔吉斯斯坦 Bangladesh 孟加拉 Tajikistan 塔吉克斯坦 Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦 Cambodia 柬埔寨 Afghanistan 阿富汗 North Korea 朝鲜

10 Number Country/Region 国家 / 地区 Asia and Pacific Regions Average 亚洲和太平洋地区平均分 Data sources for all tables and graphs: Transparency International; comparison tables and graphs compiled by Covington & Burling LLP. 所有图表的数据来源 : 透明国际 ; 比较图表由科文顿柏灵律师事务所编制 * * * If you have any questions concerning the material discussed in this alert, please contact the following China-based members of our Anti-Corruption practice group: 如果您对本电子期刊的内容有任何疑问, 请联络我们全球反腐败业务组以下团队成员 Eric Carlson 柯礼晟 (Shanghai) ecarlson@cov.com Min He 何敏 (Beijing) mhe@cov.com Ping An 安平 (Shanghai) pan@cov.com James Yuan 苑轲 (Shanghai) jyuan@cov.com Nicole Ma 马文涵 (Shanghai) nma@cov.com Huanhuan Zhang 张欢欢 (Shanghai) hzhang@cov.com Audrey Zhi 支虹 (Shanghai) azhi@cov.com This information is not intended as legal advice. Readers should seek specific legal advice before acting with regard to the subjects mentioned herein. 本文信息无意作为法律意见阅读者在就本文中提及的事项采取行动前应寻求具体的法律意见 In an increasingly regulated world, Covington & Burling LLP provides corporate, litigation, and regulatory expertise to help clients navigate through their most complex business problems, deals and disputes. Founded in 1919, the firm has more than 800 lawyers in offices in Beijing, Brussels, London, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seoul, Shanghai, Silicon Valley, and Washington. 在监管日益严格的世界里, 科文顿柏灵律师事务所为客户提供公司诉讼及监管专业知识, 以帮助其处理最为复杂的业务问题交易和争议本律师事务所成立于 1919 年, 在北京布鲁塞尔洛杉矶伦敦纽约旧金山首尔上海硅谷和华盛顿设有办事处, 拥有 800 多名律师 This communication is intended to bring relevant developments to our clients and other interested colleagues. Please send an to unsubscribe@cov.com if you do not wish to receive future s or electronic alerts. 本通讯旨在向我们的客户及其他有兴趣的同事提供相关的动态如果您将来不希望收到电邮或电子资讯, 请发送电邮至 unsubscribe@cov.com 2019 Covington & Burling LLP. All rights reserved 科文顿柏灵律师事务所保留所有权利 10

additional countries into the 2017 Index: Seychelles (60), Vanuatu (43), Swaziland (39), and Equatorial Guinea (17). 从全球范围来看, 自 2012 年以来大多数国家和地区的 CPI

additional countries into the 2017 Index: Seychelles (60), Vanuatu (43), Swaziland (39), and Equatorial Guinea (17). 从全球范围来看, 自 2012 年以来大多数国家和地区的 CPI Transparency International Releases 2017 Corruption Perceptions Index 透明国际发布 2017 年全球清廉指数排名 China s and Slightly Improved, But the Country Continues To Be Perceived as a Country of Significant Corruption