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1 : : info.scichina.com HJ-1 CCD,,,, 1 *. liugh@lreis.ac.cn : 11 3; : ( : ) ( : 8FY13) HJ-1,,, 11,, (DEM), (GIS),,,. :,, ; 2 m, 8% 6 13 m, 9% 24, ; 18 C, 2 C, 14 C,., , ( HJ-1 ).,,, [1]. A, B CCD., [2].,. [3] HJ-1B CCD(charge coupled device),. [4],, :,,. HJ-1 CCD :, 11, 41( ):

2 : 41, a. [] MODIS (V4),, CCD, MODIS,. [6],, CCD., HJ-1,.,. (hevea brasiliensis),, [7]., %, [8], 8, 24 4 hm 2 [9],,.,. HJ-1,,,. 2 :,,,, ;,,.,,. 2.1, , , 1912 km 2.,,,,,, 7 m. 21. C, 6 (2.7 C), 1 (16 C). 14 mm, h. 3, (11 2 ) (3 4 ) ( ) []..,.. (1 2, );, (3 4, ) (, ) (11 12, ).,,, [11].,,, : (1), 167

3 : HJ-1 CCD ( , A B. HJ-1A CCD 4,, 3 m [12]. HJ-1B A CCD.,,.,. (2) (DEM, digital elevation model), ( ( DEM 3 m ,. (3),, 11,. HJ-1. ETM, HJ-1 ; HJ-1, BRDF,. BRDF, MODTRAN ( )., HJ-1. ArcGIS9.3, DEM,,..,, HJ-1 DN NDVI. 2.3 HJ-1, [13]. 11 DN NDVI,,.,, (,, ) ,,,,,,.,., DEM.,,.,,,,, (trasp ): 168

4 : 41 HJ-1image NIR<a N Y b<ndvi<a Water N Y RED>d Rubber plantation N Y Other forest Building and bare land 1 Figure 1 The rule of decision tree classification NIR represents near-infrared band, RED represents red band, NDVI represents the normalized difference vegetation index, a, b, c, d represent the thresholds developed from sample plots 1 cos((π/18)(aspect 3)) trasp =, (1) 2 trasp: [,1],, 1, aspect:, [, 36] [14] ,, 3, ANUSPLINE ( Hutchinson ).. 1,,,,.,,,. : y = a + bh + cy + dx, (2) : a, b, c, d, H, Y, X..,,,.9 (.1 ),. 169

5 : HJ-1 CCD 1 Table 1 The correlation coefficients between climate factors and geographical position, altitude Correlation coefficent Latitude Longitude Elevation Annual average temperature Annual average maximum temperature Annual average minimum temperture Annual average relative humidity Annual average precipitation Annual average wind speed Annual average sunshine hours * Correlation is significant at the. level (2-tailed). ** Correlation is significant at the.1 level (2-tailed). N Legend Water Rubber plantation Buliding and boil land Other forest 4 km 2 Figure 2 The distribution of Hevea brasiliensis in the Xishuangbanna area ENVI 4.7,, 2.,,, HJ %, (, 8%), 17

6 : Elevation (m) Figure 3 3 Relationship between distribution frequency of Hevea brasiliensis and elevation on Xishuangbanna.,,,., 11 8, 28%. 7,, 3, ,, 7, 43, 11, 787,,. 3.2 ( ),.,. m, 3,, 2 m, 6 18 m, 6 m 18 m. 8% 6 13 m, 8 m. [],. 98 m,. 3,,, : ( ( ) ) 2 x y = exp 2, R 2 =.89, (3) : y, x. R 2,, 1,. R 2.89,. 1, 4,,, 12, 171

7 : HJ-1 CCD Slope ( ) 4 Figure 4 Relationship between distribution frequency of Hevea brasiliensis and slope on Xishuangbanna Trasp trasp trasp Figure Relationship between distribution frequency of Hevea brasiliensis and trasp on Xishuangbanna 7 19, 9% 24.. : ( y = exp 2 ( ) ) 2 x 12.6, R 2 =.99, (4) : y, x.. R ,., 1/3 trasp.9,, trasp.1.8 7%,,,,.,,,,. trasp.9 1/3,,,. 172

8 : ,,. mm,., mm,, (16 / ),,. 2 m/s,.,,,,.,,.,,. 6,, : 92 % 18 C, 21 C 22 C, % ; 88 % 14 C, 16 C 17 C, 2%; 9% 2 C, 28 C 29 C, 49.6 %.,,. : 72% 79% 83%, 8% 82%.,,. : 9% 1 m/s,.7 m/s.8 m/s, 7%., 1 m/s,.,,. 4,.,,, 89.2%.,. : 2 m, 8 % 6 13 m, 8 m ; 12, 7 19, 9% 24 ; 1/3 trasp.9, trasp.1.8 7%,,.,,. :, 18 C, 2 C, 14 C. ; 1 m/s. 173

9 : HJ-1 CCD Annual avereage temperature ( C) Annual avereage maximum temperature ( C) Annual avereage minimum temperature ( C) Annual average relative humidity (%) Annual average wind speed (m/s) Figure 6 6 Relationship between distribution frequency of Hevea brasiliensis and climate factors on Xishuangbanna,,,,,,,,,,.,,,.. 174

10 : 41 1 Wang Z T, Wang Z F, Li Q. Monitoring of PM from HJ-1 CCD data (in chinese). China Environ Sci, 11, 31: Sun Z P, Xiong W C, Wen B. Image quality evaluation of HJ-1 satellite CCD sensor (in Chinese). Infrared,, 31: Wang Z T, Li Q, Wang Q. Detection of fog using HJ-1 data (in Chinese). Remote Sens Technol Appl,, 2: Yang Y, Li X M, Wang Q. Retrieval of chlorophy ll-a concentration by three-band model in Lake Chaohu (in Chinese). J Lake Sci,, 22: 49 3 He B H, Chen L F, Tao J F. A contextual fire detection algorithm based on observation geometry for HJ-1B-IRS. J Infrared Millim W (in Chinese), 11, 3: Xu Y F, Li Y M, Wang Q. Eutrophication evaluation of three lakes and one reservoir using CCD images from the HJ-1 satellite (in Chinese). Acta Scient Circ Sant, 11, 31: Zhang H, Zhang G L, Zhao Y G. Chemical degradation of a Ferralso(Oxisol) under intensive rubber(hevea brasiliensis) farming in tropical China. Soil Till Res, 7, 93: Li H M, Aide T M, Ma Y X, et al. Demand for rubber is causing the loss of high diversity rain forest in SW China. Biodivers Conserv, 7, 16: Song Q H, Zhang Y P. Biomass, carbon sequestration and its potential of rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna (in Chinese). Chinese J Ecol,, 29: Li X L, Wang H, Zheng Z. Composition, spatial distribution and survival during the day season of tree seedings in a tropical forest in Xishuangbanna, SW CHINA(in Chinese). Chinese J Plant Ecol, 9, 33: Zhou W J, Sha L Q, Shen S G. Seasonal change of soil respiration and its influence factors in rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna (in Chinese). J Mount Sci, 8, 26: Gao H L, Gu X F, Yu T. HJ-1A/HIS radiometric calibration and spectrum response function sensitivity analysis (in Chinese). Spectrosc Spect Anal,, 3: Li Y F, Liu G H, Hong C. Exploring landscapes based on decision tree classification in the Diqin region (in Chinese). Resour Sci, 11, 33: Leng W F, He H S, Bu R C. The spatial distribution of constructive species of Northeast forest under the climate (in Chinese). Acta Ecol Sin, 6, 26: Chen L Z, Chen Q W, Liu W H. Diversity and Geographic Distribution of China s Forest. Beijing: Science press, Analysis of distribution characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis in the Xishuangbanna area based on HJ-1 satellite data LI YaFei, LIU GaoHuan & HUANG Chong Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System, Beijing 1, China * liugh@lreis.ac.cn Abstract The distribution situation of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis in the Xishuangbanna area in 11 was estimated using decision tree classification of HJ-1 satellite data and field sampling data. A quantitative evaluation of climatic characteristics and topography was conducted on this basis by spatial analysis in a geographic information system using digital elevation model and climatic data. The climate boundary of Hevea brasiliensis distribution as well as the range of altitude, slope and aspect tolerated by the species in the Xishuangbanna 17

11 : HJ-1 CCD area were determined. The results show that the classification information acquired from HJ-1 satellite data is accurate enough to allow the dynamic monitoring of key vegetation issues. Eighty percent of Hevea brasiliensis forest was found at an elevation of 6 13 m, with a maximum of 2 m. Ninety percent of forest was on slopes from 24 degrees. The species appeared not to be sensitive to aspect and to favor areas with an average annual temperature of 18 C with a maximum temperature of 2 C, and minimum temperature of 14 C. The relationship between slope, elevation and distribution frequency of Hevea brasiliensis can be modeled by a Gauss function. Quantification of the climatic and topographic extent of forest distribution has a significant role in the management and restoration of damaged forest ecosystems. Keywords HJ-1 satellites, Hevea brasiliensis, decision tree, Xishuangbanna 176