2004 6,, 4, 5,, 6, ; 7, 8 :,,, 9,, () ;,, ;(),,, 10 11,,,35, 22 23, 63 %, ;:,,,:,,, ( ),,,,: :, ;,?! () :, 4 Dicey, L aw of the Constit ution,ou TL IN

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "2004 6,, 4, 5,, 6, ; 7, 8 :,,, 9,, () ;,, ;(),,, 10 11,,,35, 22 23, 63 %, ;:,,,:,,, ( ),,,,: :, ;,?! () :, 4 Dicey, L aw of the Constit ution,ou TL IN"

湾释锯东
5 years ago
Views:

1 Ξ :, :(,),, :,,,, :,,, :,,,,:?,,,,,,,,, 1,, 2 ( ), 3,,,,, ;, Ξ 2002,, 1 :, 2002,3 2 Albert Venn Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the L aw of the Constitution,tenth edition with introduction by E. C. S. Wade, Macmillan Education L TD,1959., (,1930 ;2001 ),,, 3 (codifier) See Martin Loughlin, Public L aw and Political Theory, Oxford University Press,1992,p

2 2004 6,, 4, 5,, 6, ; 7, 8 :,,, 9,, () ;,, ;(),,, 10 11,,,35, 22 23, 63 %, ;:,,,:,,, ( ),,,,: :, ;,?! () :, 4 Dicey, L aw of the Constit ution,ou TL INE OF SUBJ ECT : THE TRU E NATURE OF CONSTITU TIONAL LAW,pp. 1-5,,:,,,2001, 6 Albert Venn Dicey, A Fool s Paradise,Cosgrove, The R ule of L aw, University of North Carolina Press,1980,p Dicey, Lectures on the Relation between L aw and Public Opinion in England during the Nineteenth Century,Macmillan and2 8 Wilfrid E. Rumble, The Thought of John A ustin, London : The Athlone Press,1985, p Ibid., p ,, 11 :C. E. Merriam, History of the Theory of Sovereignty since Rousseau, New York, Co.,Limited,SecondEdition,1914) ( L aw and Opinion),P. 134.

3 ,( Hallam) 12,,,,,: ,,,,,, :,,,;,,,,,, : :( Expositor) (Censor) ;, ; ;,,, ;, 13, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,, 14,,(,),,,, ;,,,,,,,, 15,, :,,,,;,,,, 16,,,,,,, 17,,, : :?? :,?? 12 Dicey, L aw of the Constit ution,p. 1,2. 13 Jeremy Bentham, A Fragment on Government, the new Authoritative Edition by J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart, Cambridge Uni2 versity Press,1988,p Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p

4 2004 6?, : 18,,,,, 19,,, 19,,,,,??,,, (), :,,,, :,,, (postium),,, (),,,,, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,;, :,(),,,, :, () 1. 21,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 18Sir Roland Keyvet Wilson,Bart., History of Modern English L aw,dicey, L aw and Opinion in England :p Philip Schofield, Jeremy Bentham and Nineteenth - Century English J urisprudence,journal of Legal History,vol. 12 (1). May 20J. Austin, The Uses of the S t udy of J urisprudence, (ed. H. L. A. Hart,1954),M. D. A. Freeman, L loyd s Introduction 21Philip Schofield, Jeremy Bentham and Nineteenth - Century English J urisprudence to J urisprudence, London : Sweet & Maxwell Ltd,1994,p

5 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,:,,,, ;, ;,,,, ; ;,, (),;,,,,, 23,,,,,,,:, ( Freeman),, :,,,;,, :, 22,,,, : ( ),,,,,( ),, : 24 ( ),, 26 :, :,,: :, 25 22Dicey, L aw of Constit ution,p :,1983,14 24Dicey, L aw of Constit ution,pp Ibid.,p Ibid.,p

6 2004 6,, 27 :,,,,,:,,, 28, ;, ; 29,,,,, : 30, ( ),,: (retrogressive progress) ; : 31 : 32,, 33,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,: 34,,,,,, ;,: ( ) : 27 Ibid.,pp Ibid.,pp Ibid., P Ibid.,P Black s Law Dictionary, 6 th ed,p :,,, Jeremy Bentham, The Theory of Leg2 islation, edited with an introduction and notes by C. K. Ogden,London,1931,p Dicey, L aw of Constit ution,p

7 , ;:,,, :,;, 35,,,:,,,,,,( ),,, 2.,,, 36,: ; ; ;,,,,, 37,,, 38, :,,,,, ;,,:,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 40, :,,,,, ; Maitland to Dicey,fall 1896,Cosgrove, The Rule of L aw,p Richard Posner,Blackstone and Bentham,,Journal of L aw and Economics 19 (October 1976),p , Gerald J. Postema, Bentham and the Com mon L aw Tradition, Clarendon Press Oxford, Ross Harrison, Bentham,London :Routledge and Kegan Paul,1983,p Bentham, A Fragment on Government,p Bentham, A Com ment on The Com mentaries,edited by J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart University of London, The Athlone Press, 1977,p Bentham, The Theory of Legislation, pp. 71,72,74. 29

8 2004 6,,,, : 42,,,,,,,( ),, ( ),,,,,, :, :,,,,, (nettoyage de la situa2 tion verbale),,, 43,,, 44,,,,,, :,,,,? 46,, ; ;,:,,,,,, (),() ;,,,,, (), 47, :( sub2 stances), :,,,,,, :,, ,Hart,The Demystification of the Law,in Essays on Bentham : Studies in J urisprudence and Politi2 43H. L. A. Hart, Essays on Bentham,Introduction,Clarendon Press,Oxford, pp Ibid,p Philip Schofield,Jeremy Bentham, the Principle of Utility,and Legal Positivism. ( ) ( 46,C. K. Ogden, Bentham s Theory of Fictions,Routledge,2000,first published in 1932 by Kegan 47Philip Schofield, 2003,p UC lxix,241 (c. 1776). Philip Schofield, 2003,p cal Theory, ( Hart, Essays) Clarendon Press,Oxford,1982. Philip Schofield,2003),p. 12. Paul, Trench, Trubner &Co Ltd.

9 ,, (substances),,,,, : ;,, :,, 49,,,,,,,, 50,,, ;,,,,, ;,, :, (phraseoplerosis) (paraphrasis),,;, (archetypation), :,,, (non - entities),, (nonsensical) 51,,, :,, 52,,,,,, 53,, ;, (),, :(rules),(laws) ;,,:, (principles and maxims), 49UC ci 341 (7 August 1814 ) [Bowring,viii,262 ],Philip Schofield,2003,p UC ci 95 (25 J uly 1814) [Bowring,viii,219 ], Philip Schofield,2003,p Philip Schofield,2003,p Dicey, L aw of Constitution,P23. 53Philip Schofield, Jeremy Bentham and Nineteenth - Century English J urisprudence. 31

10 2004 6,,,,(the law of the constitution), (un2 derstandings),(practices ),, (conventions of constitution) (constitutional morality ), (),,:,,,, 54 : (imperative theory) ;:,, 55,,,,,, 56,,,,,, :,? :,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,:,,,,, :,,;,,, 57,:,,;,,,,,,,,, ;,, 54Hart, Essays,p Bentham, OL G,pp Hart,Essays,p Hart,Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, Harvard L aw Review,Vol71,February1958,No

11 ( Frankenstein) 58 () 1. ;,:,,,,,,,,,,,,, 59,, 60, :,,,:,, 2. 61,,, () :? 62,,,,,,, : (constitutional law) ; ;,,,,,, (Corpus Professor of J urisprudence), ; (Chichele Profes2 sor of International Law),,,() 63,, 64,,, :,, 58( Mary W. Shelly) 1818, ( William G. Andrews) See Constit utions and Constit utionalism,d. Van Nostrand Company,Inc.,1961,p. 9 59Bentham, Preface of PML. in CW 9. 60Sydney Smith,Bentham s Book of Fallacies in Edingurgh Review, Hart, Essays,p Hart, Essays, p ,:,, 63Dicey, L aw of Constit ution,p

12 2004 6,,,, 65 (), 66, 3.,,? :,,,,,, 67, :,,(understandings) ;,, 68,,,,, 69,,, ;,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (),( ),,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,:,,, 64 Ibid,P22, Dicey, L aw of Constit ution, p Ibid.,p Ibid.,p Ibid. pp See K. C. Wheare, Modern Constitutions, Oxford University Press,1956, Chapter. 34

13 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, (), :, ;,;,,, 71 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,;, ;,, 72 Abstract : Language, if not being nonsense, must directly or indirectly refer to physical object s. The root s of errors of t hought s and discourses consist in conf using t he nouns substantive and t he physical world or substituting the latter for the former. Starting from this linguistic philosophy, I think that the primary duty of constitution scholars is to expose the real rules of sovereignty. From this duty - con2 sciousness comes t he following concept of constit ution : t he real rules concerning t he organization and op2 eration of sovereignt y, including t he constit utional laws and conventions t hat have not hing to do wit h their moral desirability. In a state whose written constitution just acts as lip service, constitutional con2 ventions are more important for us to understand the real rules of its sovereignty than constitutional laws. Key words : sovereignty, true rules, constitution 71Austin, The Province of J urisprudence Determined, edited by Wilfrid E. Rumble, Cambridge University Press,1995,Lecture VI. 72John Austin, Lect ures on J urisprudence or the Philosophy of Positive L aw, fifth edition,revised and edited by Robert Campbell, China Social Sciences Publishing House Chengcheng Books L TD, Reprinted from the English by John Murray 1911,p71. 35

,,, (Pisistratus),,,,,,, ;, 3,,,,,,,,,,, (), 4, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,:, :,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,, (), : 6,,, 3 :,1954,114 4 :,2001,349 5 []:,,1998,636 6 [

Ξ :,, :,,, :,,,, :,, 1,,,,, :, 2,, () : Ξ,;, 1 [] :,,1996,43 2 [] E :,,1999,3 150 ,,, (Pisistratus),,,,,,, ;, 3,,,,,,,,,,, (), 4, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,:, :,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,, (), : 6,,, 3 :,1954,114 4