PSM 44. 3% % % % 18. 2% % % 0. 4%- 0. 5% 2012

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坚澹台
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1 1% 0. 2% 1% 0. 1% Mariapia sunsb@ cass. org. cn

2002 1999 2015 PSM 44. 3% 2013 2609 319 13. 9% 1 1 2009-2013 2012 2013 2010 2011 1 2013 2011 14. 0%- 14. 9% 18. 2%- 21.

2 PSM 44. 3% % % % 18. 2% % % 0. 4%- 0. 5% % http / /www. stats. gov. cn /tjsj /zxfb / /t _ html 4 171

3 Kusmin 2007 McLaughlin Perman % % % % % Moran http / /www. stats. gov. cn /tjsj /zxfb / /t _ html 4 172

4 Liu 2007 Fu Fu Ross Findeis Jensen 1998 Gibbs 2005 Rozelle

5 2015 Axelsson Westerlund Marré Lansing Morgan 1967 Winkelmann % 90% Rauch 1993 Moretti 2004a Rudd 2000 Acemoglu Angrist 2001 Ciccone Peri 2007 Moretti 2004b Moretti 2004a Charlot Duranton 2004 communication externalities Heuermann % 50% Wantchekon Liu 2007 OLS 4. 9%-6. 7% 1 11%- 13%

6 Fan Ma 2012 CHNS 10% 1% 10% Acemoglu Angrist 2001 Ciccone Peri Suedekum Fu 2007 Combes 2008 Wheaton Lewis 2002 Ciccone Hall

7 Glaeser Maré %- 4% Abel % Rosenthal Strange 2008 Acemoglu Angrist 2001 Fu 2007 Fu 2007 Moretti 2004b Moretti 2004a Acemoglu Angrist Y i = BH a h β i 1 1 Acemoglu Angrist 2001 B 4 176

8 Y i i B A = BH ρ H h i i ρ α β 1 lny i = ln B + αlnh + βlnh i 2 2 i m n n lny ni m lny mi lny ni - lny mi = αln H n /H m 3 3 lny mi i i m n n m H n /H m 3 i lny ni lny ni = αln H n /H m + lny mi 4 4 m n Moretti 2004b Acemoglu Angrist lny ci = θ 0 + θ 1 lnh c + θ 2 X i + d c + μ ci 5 lny ci i lnh c c X i d c μ ci 4 5 m n lny mni = θ 0 + θ 1 ln H n /H m + θ 2 lnh m + θ 3 X i + d n + μ mni

9 lny mni X i H n /H m m n d n μ mni - H n /H m H n / H m = 1 H n /H m 1 CGSS / 3 4 Divers Special Divers k = 1 - j S kj - S j 7 Special k = max j S kj S j 8 S kj k j S j j Divers k Special k 1 CGSS CGSS

10 H n /H m 1 1 t % 4 179

11 U PSM

12 2 OLS % 5% 1% 1% 0. 09% 4 1% 0. 05% 5 1% 0. 16% 1% 4 181

13 6 VIF 10 OLS 3 1% 0. 20% OLS

14 % 0. 09% 1% 0. 17% 3 1% 0. 05% 1% 0. 09% OLS

15 70% 4 1% 0. 20% 50% Mariapia

16 5 OLS Fu

17 OLS Yankow /3 Combes 2012 OLS

18 F R 2 Shea's Partial R F 10 P P DWH P % 6 IV FDI FDI 4 187

19 6 OLS 1% 0. 08% 1% 0. 17% OLS 1% 0. 07% 1% 0. 15% 1% 0. 07% 1% 0. 12% 1% 2. 09% CPI 3 LIML GMM CGSS 4 188

20 1. OLS

21 AbelJaison R. Dey Ishita and GabeTodd M. Productivity and the Density of Human Capital. Journal of Regional Science pp AcemogluD. and AngristJ. How Large are Human Capital Externalities Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws. NBER Macroeconomics Annual pp AxelssonRoger and WesterlundOlle. A Panel Study of MigrationSelf-Selection and Household Real Income. Journal of Population Economics pp CharlotSylvie and DurantonGilles. Communication Externalities in Cities. Journal of Urban Economics pp CicconeA. and HallR. Productivity and the Density of Economic Activity. The American Economic Review pp CicconeAntonio and PeriGiovanni. Identifying Human-Capital Externalities Theory with Applications. Review of Economic Studies pp CombesP. P. DurantonG. GobillonL. and RouxS. Sorting and Local Wage and Skill Distributions in France. Regional Science and Urban Economics pp CombesPierre-Philippe DuratonGilles and GobillonLaurent. Spatial Wage Disparities Sorting Matters Journal of Urban Economics pp FanWen and MaYuanyuan. Estimating the External Returns to Education Evidence from China. http / / www. ucd. ie /t4cms /WP12_20. pdf2012. FindeisJ. L. and JensenL. Employment Opportunities in Rural Areas Implications for Poverty in a Changing 4 190

22 Policy Environment. American Journal of Agricultural Economics pp FuS. and RossStephen. Wage Premia in Employment Clusters How Important Is Worker Heterogeneity Journal of Labor Economics pp FuShihe. Smart Café Cities Testing Human Capital Externalities in the Boston Metropolitan Area. Journal of Urban Economics200761pp GibbsR. KusminL. and CromartieJ. Low-Skill Employment and the Changing Economy of Rural America. WashingtonDC U. S. Department of AgricultureERS Economic Research Report Number GlaeserEdward L. and MareDavid C. Cities and Skills. Social Science Electronic Publishing pp HeuermannD. F. Job Matching Efficiency in Skilled Regions-Evidence on the Microeconomic Foundations of Human Capital Externalities. IAAEG Discussion Papers until 2011 Institute of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union IAAEU. KusminL. D. Rural America at a Glance. Washington DC U. S. Department of AgricultureERS Economic Information Bulletin Number LansingJohn B. and MorganJames N. The Effect of Geographical Mobility on Income. The Journal of Human Resources pp LiuZhiqiang. The External Returns to Education Evidence from Chinese Cities. Journal of Urban Economics pp MariapiaMendola. Migration and Technological Change in Rural Households Complements or Substitutes Journal of Development Economics200885pp MarréAlexander W. Rural Out-MigrationIncomeand Poverty Are Those Who Move Truly Better Off 2009 Annual MeetingJuly MilwaukeeWisconsin Agricultural and Applied Economics Association2009. McLaughlinD. K. and PermanL. Returns vs. Endowments in the Earnings Attainment Process for Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Men and Women. Rural Sociology pp MorettiEnrico. Workers' EducationSpilloversand Productivity Evidence from Plant-Level Production Functions. The American Economic Review2004 a 94 3 pp MorettiEnrico. Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-sectional Data. Journal of Econometrics2004 b 121pp Rauch J. Productivity Gains from Geographic Concentration of Human Capital Evidence from the Cities. Journal of Urban Economics199334pp RosenthalStuart S. and StrangeWilliam C. The Attenuation of Human Capital Spillovers. Journal of Urban E- conomics pp RozelleScott TaylorEdward and BrauwAlan de. MigrationRemittancesand Agricultural Productivity in China. The American Economic Review pp RuddJ. B. Emprical Evidence on Human Capital Spillovers. FEDS discussion paper SuedekumJens. Human Capital Externalities and Growth of High- and Low-Skilled Jobs. IZA discussion paper 4 191

23 No WantchekonLeonard NovtaNatalija and Kla njamarko. Education and Human Capital Externalities Evidence from Colonial Benin. Quarterly Journal of Economics pp WheatonW. and LewisM. Urban Wages and Labor Market Agglomeration. Journal of Urban Economics pp WinkelmannRainer. Immigration The New Zealand Experience. IZA Discussion Paper http / /ssrn. com / abstract = Yankow J. J. Why Do Cities Pay More An Empirical Examination of Some Competing Theories of the Urban Wage Premium. Journal of Urban Economics pp The Source of Urban Immigrants' Income Growth in China A New Explanation from the Perspective of Human Capital Externality Sun Sanbai Abstract This paper investigates the four kinds of mechanisms of human capital externality on outcity migrants' income growth at the first time then provided a new explanation for income growth in China from the medium perspective. We found that human capital externality increased individuals' annual income significantly. Instrumental variable estimation results confirmed that human capital stock or Jacobs external of location city higher than hometown city are the sources of out-city migrants' income growth but labor density is negatively related to out-city migrants' income growthand Marshall external had no significant effect on out-city migrants' income growth. For the out-city migrants the ratio of location city's rate of college student and hometown city's rate of college student increased 1% their annual income growth 0. 2% the ratio of Jacobs external increased 1% their annual income growth 0. 1%. Key words urban immigrant income growthhuman capital externality JEL code J31J61R

Rauch JE SMSAs 10 Glaeser Scheinkman Shleiferll 11 Henderson 12 Moretti 13 Zhang D Wu F 14 Abel

Rauch JE SMSAs 10 Glaeser Scheinkman Shleiferll 11 Henderson 12 Moretti 13 Zhang D Wu F 14 Abel 2016 3 15 JOURNAL OF SOUTH CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION a b a a. b. 400715 2009 ~ 2014 31 SDM 96. 26% F323. 6 A 1672-0202 2016 03-0063 - 13 1-2 20 70 1978 1984 2. 9% 7. 7% 134 355