Bossanyi % SEZ Ramped Speed Reference RSR Schaak 13 SEZ Torque Demanding Function TDF SEZ Licari 14 Bossanyi Matlab /Simulink 1. 3 kw

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1 34 16 JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK Vol. 34 No Bladed TK83 A DOI /j. cnki. jvs Control strategy to avoid tower resonance for two-blade variable-speed wind turbine SONG Dong-ran 1 YANG Jian 1 DONG Mi 1 YAN Qin 2 ZHANG Bo 2 1. School of Information Science & Engineering Central South University Changsha China 2. Guangdong Ming Yang Wind Power Group Co. Ltd Zhongshan China Abstract For variable-speed wind turbine VSWT resonance appears when the natural frequency of tower is close to the rotational frequency of rotor. In order to avoid resonance a speed exclusion zone SEZ to control a wind turbine passing quickly through the zone was established. Two control strategies based on SEZ were analyzed and the suitable one for two-blade VSWT was proposed. The impacts of different SEZs on turbine performance were measured and analyzed through simulations with the Bladed software and the parameters obtained were applied to field trials. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy can effectively avoid the arousal of tower resonance and ensure the minimum loss of generation power. Key words variable speed wind turbine VSWT speed exclusion zone tower resonance two-blade MW P np n ± 12% 3 ~ 8 MW 10 10% 6 7 1P ~ 3P 1P 2P Speed Exclusion Zone SEZ

2 Bossanyi % SEZ Ramped Speed Reference RSR Schaak 13 SEZ Torque Demanding Function TDF SEZ Licari 14 Bossanyi Matlab /Simulink 1. 3 kw 1 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of force decomposition F t F' t F T F T = ρac T v 2 9 Mq i + Cq i + Kq i = F 1 ρ A C T M C K v F q i qi q i i v z 1 /v z 2 = z 1 /z 2 α 10 1 j v z 1 v z 2 z 1 z 2 f ij = w ij /2π = 1 /2π 槡 K /M F t v 1 2 F 1 t = F t sin Ω t t 3 v + Δv v - Δv F 2 t = F t cos Ω t t 4 F 1 t - F' 1 t = 2AC T vδv sin Ω t t 11 Ω t x y F 1 t 10 Mq i + Kq i = F t sin Ω t t 5 r /min 20 r /min 1P 2P Hz Hz Hz Hz 5 q pi t = Q i sin wt Q i = F t / K 1 - Ω t /w ij 2 7 q i t = c i1 sin w ij t + c i2 cos w ij t + Q i sin wt 8 Ω t w ij Aerodyn 3 MW 6. 5

92 2015 34 MW 3 MW 3 2 Hz 1 2 3 85 m 2865 mm f tower = 0. 354 4 200 mm 201. 7 t 1 Tab. 1 Parameters of WT under study /m 100 / 2 /MW 3. 0 / r min - 1 17. 1 / r min - 1 11. 3 ~ 21. 0 λ 9. 7 C p 0.

3 MW 3 MW 3 2 Hz m 2865 mm f tower = mm t 1 Tab. 1 Parameters of WT under study /m 100 / 2 /MW 3. 0 / r min / r min ~ λ 9. 7 C p f tower 60 /2 = / m s / m s ~ Fig. 2 Two-blade wind turbine Fig. 3 Campbell diagram under study Hz r /min Hz r /min r /min r /min v = Ω t R /λ = / = 6. 1 m /s m /s Fig. 4 Acceleration curves under emergency stop 6 r /min 3 SEZ RSR TDF TDF ANSYS RSR 19 Bladed RSR Campbell rad /s C E rad /s rad /s SEZ PI

4 16 93 T set = k p + k i /s w mes - w set 12 if w mes < w c then w set = w cut_in T set 0 k λ w 2 mes else w set = w rate T set k λ w 2 mes T rate 13 w mes w set w rate T set T rate w cut_in w c w cut_in w rate k λ 5 RSR Fig. 5 Diagram of RSR 5 SEZ - C - D E - F A - B - C - F - G - H SEZ - TDF CD - FE RSR 13 if w mes < w' c then w set = w cut_in T set 0 k λ w 2 mes elseif elseif elseif w mes w c then w set w mes w e then w set w mes w' e then w set else w set = w c T set k λ w 2 mes T high = w ramp T set k λ w 2 mes T high = w e T set T low k λ w 2 mes = w rate T set k λ w 2 mes T rate 14 w c w e 5 C E rad /s rad /s w' c w' e w cut_in w c w e w rate T low T high w c w e w rapm SEZ w c w e RSR 3. 2 TDF TDF 6 SEZ B - C 6 TDF Fig. 6 Diagram of TDF RSR TDF 5 RSR SEZ 6 TDF SEZ A - B C - D SEZ RSR TDF SEZ TDF RSR 1 TDF A - B C - D RSR TDF RSR 2 TDF A - B RSR C - D SEZTDF RSR T high T low T low T high TDF C - D TDF B - C - RSR C - F 3. 4 SEZ A - B C - D SEZ TDF SEZ SEZ TDF SEZ TDF SEZ SEZ 3 MW 7 SEZ A B C D SEZ RSR TDF SEZ SEZ

5 SEZ w A w B < w O < w C w D 15 2 P A = P opt A P O = P opt O P D = P opt Tab. 2 Definition of parameter groups D P O P B P D P A P C } 16 < P SEZ O B C /% SEZ SEZ 3 P B = P opt D w B /w Tab. 3 Parameters settings for simulations D P C = P opt A w C } 17 /w r min - 1 kw A A B C D SEZ SR SEZ SEZ SEZ r /min 5. 7 m /s IEC % 14% 16% m /s m /s Fig. 7 Diagram of power curve r /min m /s 8 SEZ 0 SEZ 1 ~ r /min MW Bladed r /min r /min r /min MW MW MW SEZ SEZ MW MW 3 4 ± 6% ± 10% SEZ r /min 9. 6 r /min 9. 2 r /min SEZ 0 ~ MW 0. 5 MW MW MW 0. 4 MW SEZ A B C D 3

6 m /s 12% 14% 16% 5 9 ~ 11 8 Fig. 8 Simulation results at steady wind 9 12% Fig. 9 Simulation results at turbulent wind of 12% s 480 s 530 s m m /s r /min

7 r /min r /min 215 s s m m r /min r /min 0. 1 m r /min 10 14% Fig. 10 Simulation results at turbulent wind of 14% 11 16% Fig. 11 Simulation results at turbulent wind of 16% ~ 280 s ~ 260 s m 10 ~ r /min 0. 1 m 9. 6 ~

16 97 11. 2 r /min 215 s 3 0. 1 m 4 ± 10% SEZ 0. 1 m 11. 6 r /min 1 0. 1 m 11. 8 r /min 4. 2 9 ~ 11 0 4 1 12 12 0. 1 m 1 0 ~ 6 s 5 m /s 2 3 SEZ 200 kw 1 16% 14% 0. 005 g 2 6 ~ 9 s 7 m /s SEZ 0.

8 r /min 215 s m 4 ± 10% SEZ 0. 1 m r /min m r /min ~ m 1 0 ~ 6 s 5 m /s 2 3 SEZ 200 kw 1 16% 14% g 2 6 ~ 9 s 7 m /s SEZ g 3 9 ~ 12 s 11 m /s 9. 2 r /min 15 r /min s 0. 07g 4 12 ~ 18 s 9 ~ 10 m /s 15 r /min g 3 s SEZ r /min 551 kw 5 12 Fig. 12 The testing results on field trial 3. 0 MW 1 TDF 2 TDF ± 10% SEZ 3 SEZ SEZ 4

9 Fischer B Shan M. A survey on control methods for the mitigation of tower loads R. IWES World wind energy association R. The World Wind Energy Association 2013 Half-year Report Available http / /www. wwindea. org Pao L Y Johnson K E. A tutorial on the dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms C. American Control Conference ACC 09. IEEE Schaak P Corten G P Van der Hooft E L. Crossing 3. resonance rotor speeds of wind turbines EB /OL. Available J https / /www. ecn. nl. Jan Licari J Ekanayake J B Jenkins N. Investigation of aspeed YAO Xing-jia LIU Ying-ming LIU Guang-de et al. exclusion zone to prevent tower resonance in variable-speed Vibration analysis and online condition monitoring technology for large wind turbine J. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology wind turbines J. IEEE Transaction on Sustainable Energy J J WANG Yong-zhi TAO Qi-bin. Dynamic analysis of wind SHAN Guang-kun WANG Xiao-dong YAO Xing-jia et al. Stability analysis on MW wind turbine J. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica Veritas N. Guidelines for design of wind turbines M. Det Norske Veritas Wind Energy Department Riso National Laboratory J harmonic anal ys is of fatigue vibration test-bed J.. Machinery Design & Manufacture M YAO Xing-jia LIU Guang-de XING Zuo-xia et al. 18. Discussions on general design of large scale variable speed J wind turbine J. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology MA Ren-le MA Yue-qiang LIU Hui-qun et al. Ambient 7. vibration test and numerical simulation for modes of wind J turbine towers J. Journal of Vibration and Shock ZHENG Yuan SI Jia-jun HUANG Jian-jun et al. Dynamic analysis and optimization on tower of vertical axis wind turbine structure J. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering DiValentin E. Variable frequency modal response testing of the WTS-4 R. Report No. HSER Bossanyi E A. The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines J. WindEnergy Bossanyi E A. Wind turbine control for load reduction J. Wind Energy Bossanyi E A. Controller for 5 MW reference turbine EB / OL. Available http / /www. upwind. eu power turbine s tower structures J. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica J ZHANG Xian HE Yang ZHONG Jiang et al. Modal and 19 Bossanyi E A. GH bladed user manual Z. Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd IEC International standard third edition Wind turbines-part 1 Design requirements S

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第 48 卷第 6 期 2 1 6 年 6 月哈尔滨工业大学学报 JOURNAL OF HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Vol 48 No 6 Jun. 216 doi:1.11918 / j.issn.367 6234.216.6.1 大跨度楼盖结构在运动荷载下的振动性能杨维国 1, 马伯涛 2, 宋毛