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1 Vol. 37 No. 2 March Population Research * 基于 2010 年第六次全国人口普查数据的分析 Major Challenges for China s Floating Population and Policy Suggestions An Analysis of the 2010 Population Census Data Duan Chengrong Lv Lidan Zou Xiangjiang Abstract This study analyzes the trends and current characteristics of floating population in China and the major challenges they are facing on the basis of the latest population census data. The research shows that the size of floating population has increased continuously and rapidly their mobility intensity is weakening migration destinations are beginning to decentralize majority of the migrants are moving with their spouses and more and more of them are taking their young children with them new - generation floaters whom were born after 1980 account for more than half of the entire floating population. The floaters are facing challenges such as unemployment lack of social security inequality in children s education and barriers in social integration. This article proposes corresponding suggestions. The problem of new - generation floaters and floating children should be addressed adequately and there is an urgent need to accelerate the establishment of social security for migrants. Keywords Floating Population Population Census Data Characteristics of migrants Authors Duan Chengrong is Professor Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Transformation and Social Management Renmin University of China Lv Lidan & Zou Xiangjiang are Doctoral Students School of Sociology and Population Studies Renmin University of China duncr@ ruc. edu. cn * 本文得到国务院人口普查办国家统计局人口司的经费和数据支持

18 37 2010 2. 21 2011 2006 1 30 1 1982 ~ 2005 20 657 1. 47 1 14. 5% 2005 ~ 2010 5 5 49. 99% 8. 4% 2009a 1982 1% 2010 16.

2 ~ % 2005 ~ % 8. 4% 2009a % % ~ 2010 Figure 1 Trends in Floating Population Growth, 资料来源 : 1982 ~ 2000 年流动人口规模由段成荣等根据 1982 ~ 2000 年历次全国人口普查和 1% 人口抽样调查数据推算, 引自段成荣, 杨舸, 张斐, 卢雪和. 改革开放以来我国流动人口变动的九大趋势. 人口研究,2008; 年数据引自国家统计局年全国 1% 人口抽样调查主要数据公报 2010 年数据引自国家统计局年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 ( 第 1 号 ) % 2000

3 % % % % % % % % % % 5. 04% % ~ b % % b % % %

4 % % a Table 1 Proportion of Floating Population in the Eight Economic Sectors % 地区 2010 年 2005 年东北地区北部沿海地区大西北地区黄河中游地区大西南地区长江中游地区东部沿海地区南部沿海地区总计资料来源 : 根据六普和 2005 年全国 1% 人口抽样调查数据计算 % % % %

5 % % % % 2009b % 95% 85% % 9. 46% % % % / / 35% 10%

6 % 1 该预测结果后被收录于国家人口计生委编 2010 中国流动人口发展报告

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8 /References 1 段成荣, 杨舸, 张斐, 卢雪和. 改革开放以来我国流动人口变动的九大趋势. 人口研究,2008; 6: Duan Chengrong,Yang Ge,Zhang Fei and Lu Xuehe China s Floating Population: The Nine Big Trends since the Reform and Opening Up. Population Research 6: 段成荣, 杨舸. 我国流动人口状况基于 2005 年全国 1% 人口抽样调查数据的分析. 南京人口管理干部学院学报, 2009,4: 5-10 Duan Chengrong and Yang Ge Study on the Situation of Floating in China. Journal of Nanjing College for Population Programme Management 4: 段成荣, 杨舸. 我国流动人口的流入地分布变动趋势研究. 人口研究,2009; 6: 1-12 Duan Chengrong and Yang Ge Trends in Destination Distribution of Floating Population in China. Population Research 6: 国家人力资源和社会保障部年度人力资源和社会保障事业发展统计公报. http: / /www. mohrss. gov. cn/page. do? pa = b84702d7&guid = 62bfe5a694194d7fb1a9cbb840fce896&og = 8a81f0842d0d556d012d ,2012 Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People s Republic of China Development Statistics Bulletin of 2011 Annual Human Resources and Social Security. http: / / www. mohrss. gov. cn/ page. do? pa = b84702d7&guid = 62bfe5a694194d7fb1a9cbb840fce896&og = 8a81f0842d0d556d012d 国家人口和计划生育委员会流动人口服务管理司. 中国流动人口发展报告北京 : 中国人口出版社,2012 Floating Population Services and Management Division of the National Population and Family Planning Commission Development Report on Floating Population in China China Population Publish House. 6 国家统计局年全国 1% 人口抽样调查主要数据公报. http: / /www. stats. gov. cn /tjgb /rkpcgb /qgrkpcgb / t _ htm,2006 National Bureau of Statistical of China Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2005 National Sample Survey of 1% of the Population. http: / /www. stats. gov. cn /tjgb /rkpcgb / qgrkpcgb / t _ htm 7 国家统计局年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 ( 第 1 号 ). http: / /www. stats. gov. cn /tjgb /rkpcgb /qgrkpcgb / t _ htm,2011 National Bureau of Statistical of China Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census ( No. 1). http: / /www. stats. gov. cn /tjgb /rkpcgb /qgrkpcgb /t _ htm 8 中共中央国务院. 关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定 CPC Central Committee and the State Council Decision on Comprehensively Strengthening the Co - ordination of Population and Family Planning Work to Solve the Population Problem. 9 翟振武, 段成荣等. 跨世纪的中国人口迁移与流动. 北京 : 中国人口出版社,2006 Zhai Zhenwu,Duan Chengrong et al Migration and Floating Population in China in the New Century. China Population Publish House. 10 翟振武, 段成荣, 毕秋灵. 北京市流动人口的最新状况与分析. 人口研究,2007; 2: Zhai Zhenwu,Duan Chengrong and Bi Qiuling The Floating Population in Beijing : An Update. Population Research 2:

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38 1 2014 1 Vol. 38No. 1 January 2014 51 Population Research 2010 2010 2010 65 100028 Changing Lineal Families with Three Generations An Analysis of the 2010 Census Data Wang Yuesheng Abstract In contemporary