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1 Vol.31 No.2 : Acta Geoscientica Sinica Apr. 2010: www. 地球学报.com 以天山乌鲁木齐河源 1 号冰川为例 1,2), 2), 2), 2), 2) 1), ; 2), 摘要 :, 1, a 1982,, 27a 1,,, 关键词 : ; ; ; 中图分类号 : P512.4; P467 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2010) The Response of Glacier Velocity to Climate Change: A Case Study of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 ZHOU Zai-ming 1,2), JING Zhe-fan 2), ZHAO Shu-hui 2), HAN Tian-ding 2), LI Zhong-qin 2) 1) Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing ; 2) State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Abstract: Valley glacier is most sensitive to climate change under the background of global warming, and hence glaciers and ice caps of the world have changed significantly. Glacier movement is one of the results of climate variation. No.1 Glacier at the headwater of the Urumqi River is the representative of valley glaciers in western China. In this paper, based on 27 years ( ) velocity data and seasonal velocity data in combination with glacier mass balance as well as temperature and precipitation data, the authors analyzed the response of the glacier movement to climate change. Researches show that in the 27 years the velocity tended to decrease obviously, seasonal velocity fluctuated considerably, and the velocity was higher in the summer than in the winter. Climate change acted on glacier movement by mass balance variation, and the uninterrupted loss of mass balance led to the continuous decrease of glacier velocity. It is also found that high temperature and high precipitation accelerated the glacier movement. Key words: glacier; velocity; mass balance; climate change IPCC( ), (IPCC, 2007), (, 2000),, (Klok et 973 ( : 2007CB411501) ( : CXTD-Z2005-2) ( : ) : ; : :,, 1980 : , 26 tougaozhou@163.com

2 238 al., 2004; Meier et al., 2007), (, 2004;, 2007;, 2009),, (, 2005), (, 2000;, 1998; Bolch, 2007; Zemp et al., 2006),, (, 2007) (Rignot et al., 2006; Carr et al., 2007; Nakamura et al., 2007), (Dowdeswell et al., 1999; Rignot et al., 2004; Trabant et al., 2003; Iken et al., 1997), (Huang, 1992; Jing, 1992;, 2002;, 2003; Jing et al., 2006;, 2009;, 2009), 1 ( 1 ),, 1959 (, 1980), 1980 (, 2003) a 1982,, 1 1 观测方法 1 (43 05 N, E) Ⅱ ( 4476 m), ( 1) Fig. 1 图 1 乌鲁木齐河源 1 号冰川位置图 Location of No.1 Glacier at the headwater of the Urumqi River,,, 10% 2 资料分析 ( 2), 27a 1, 1993,,, 1980s 1, 27a 0.8% 2.0% , a, 3.4% 7.3%,, 2007, 20 20a 1, 21,, , 1987, 1982,, a ( 3) ( 4), 20 80, 1, mm a 1, 23, 4, mm 10a( ) 1,,, , 7.23 m m

3 : 239 Fig. 2 图 2 乌鲁木齐河源 1 号冰川运动速度变化图 Velocity change of No.1 Glacier at the head water of the Urumqi River( ) Fig. 3 图 3 乌鲁木齐河源 1 号冰川冬夏季节运动速度变化图 (a. 西支冰川 ; b. 东支冰川 ) Seasonal velocity of No.1 Glacier at the headwater of the Urumqi River (a-west branch; b-east branch) 3 冰川运动对气候变化的响应 , 0.6±0.2 (, 2004) (, 2004;, 2006) (, 1995) (, 1990) (, 1995), K,

4 K, km 2, 23%(, 2000), 1987, (, 2002),, (, 2003;, 2002) ( 3539 m), 1980, , 1984, 图 4 乌鲁木齐河源 1 号冰川物质平衡变化图 Fig. 4 Mass balance change of No.1 Glacier at the headwater of the Urumqi River ( ) Fig. 5 图 5 乌鲁木齐河源区气温降水与 1 号冰川年平均运动速度变化图 Temperature, precipitation and velocity change of No.1 Glacier at the headwater of the Urumqi River

5 : , mm, ( 5), T 0, (, 2005), d,, 20 80, 3.2, (Kääb, 2005),, ( 6), , 95%, 1 V(m/a) T( ) P (mm) (1), R =0.40, V T P, V (1) (T) (V) (P) V = T 0.004P (1), 2 adj,, 20 80,,, 27a : 1, ( 0.69), 80, 90, 21 1, a mm, (, 2007) m (, 2009), 1,, m 1, 1 m, 30%-40%, 0.4 /a,,,, 1,, (12 3 ) 3 (6-8 ) , 6.1 mm mm Fig. 6 图 6 气温降水与运动速度的相关性 ( 年平均值 ) Relationship between temperature, precipitation change and glacier velocity (yearly average)

6 242,, 0,,,, 1, 100 mm, 139 mm, mm(, 1998) 1,, 70% (, 1996),,, 7,, Weertmen, 1,,,,,, 10%(, 2004),,,,,,, 4 结论,, 27a 1, a 3.4% 7.3% 20 20a 1, 21 1, 1.2 参考文献 :,,, [J]., 28(2): ,, [J]., 24(5): ,,,,, a 1 [J]., 26(3): ,, [J]., 25(3): ,,, [J]., 24(5): ,,,,, [J]., 29(6): ,,,, [J]., 29(2): ,,,, a [J]., 25(2): ,,, [J]., 3(3): ,,, [J]. 20(1): 9-13.,, ( )- [M]. : [J]., 7: 4-7., [J]., 45(4): ,, [J]., 24(3): [M]. :

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