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1 Environmental Science & Technology Vol. 34 No.3 Mar [J] Liu Lin Liu Xue- hua KangXiang- wu et al. Rule of annual runoff variation in Beiganliu area of Yellow River basin and its relationship with climate change[j]. Environmental Science & Technology * <10 a 10~20 a 20 a 1919~ a - 6 a - 10~15 a 25 a X143 A doi /j.issn (2011) Rule of Annual Runoff Variation in Beiganliu Area of Yellow River Basin and Its Relationship with Climate Change LIU Lin 1 LIU Xue-hua 1* KANG Xiang-wu 2 1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China 2. Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China Beijing China Abstract Changes of runoff in Beiganliu area the wide stretch of land of the north bank of the Yellow River and the correlation with the climate change were studied. Field investigation was conducted in three sub -areas the upstream midstream and downstream of the Yellow River involving collection of runoff and meteorological data for the period from 1919 to Runoff in time-series was analyzed by methods of regression and Mexico Hat wavelet transform. The result indicated that the runoff decreased remarkably during the last 50 years especially in the area alongside the Longmen - Tongguan river section. Variation of runoff was affected by monsoon and positive correlation existed between runoff and the Asian monsoon indices. Significant negative correlation existed between runoff and westerly wind indices. It was concluded that runoff in Beiganliu area was mainly influenced by the Asian monsoon. Key words runoff Beiganliu monsoon indices [1] km [1-3] a 80 [1 4-6] BAB06B liulin_lin@yahoo.com.cn * xuehua-hjx@tsinghua.edu.cn

2 [6] [7] 28 km km [8] a [9] [10] Labat %/ [11] [12] 51.7% 80 [13] ~2006 [14] a 1950~ a [4] 1958~2001 [15] / 150~100 hpa 1 [16] 1.1 [17] km 300~800 m 607 m km 8.5 Sigmaplot km 2 13%2 57% Morlet Mexico Hat

3 111 [18] Matlab 7.0 Mexico Hat 3-3 - <10 a 10~20 a 20 a 3 SPSS 13.0 Sigmaplot 11.

2 1919~2006 4 3-3 3 2 3 - - - Table 1 The percentage of watershed area and runoff of three

3 3 111 [18] Matlab 7.0 Mexico Hat <10 a 10~20 a 20 a 3 SPSS 13.0 Sigmaplot 11.0 n C Aj = Σ X i -X 軍 ) j n n 1 i = 1 C Aj 1 j X 軍 ~ Table 1 The percentage of watershed area and runoff of three sub-regions /% /% a - 10~15 a a (a) 3 3 r P 0.01

4 Table 2 Analysis of changing characteristics for runoff of the studied reaches at three kinds of scales <10 a 10~20 a 20 a 1940~1960 5~6 a - 15~ a 20 a 1919~ a ~ ~6 1970~ a 10~15 a 10~15 a a 50 a a - - 5~6 a ~ a 1960~ a a P r=-0.18 P r P> Table 3 Relationship between correlation coefficient of runoff and 0.58 P 0.01 r=-0.28 P (b) 3 monsoon indices ** -0.18* 0.86** -0.84** ** ** -0.69** ** ** -0.85** ** -0.28* 0.90** -0.86** * P 0.05 ** P km ~ a [19] 20 90

5 3 113 [28] ~1994 [20] 70 a 1996 [21] [22] 50 a [28] [21] [23-24] [29] a 2004 [25] [30-31] a [26] [32] ~15 a a 3 - [ ] - 3 [ ] 25 a ~15 a 3.2 [4] [25] [12] 51.7% ~ a a - [27] 10~15 a - 25 a - 3

6 Kang Ling-ling Niu Yue-xian Wang Jin-hua et al. Rebuilding the natural runoff series in the nearly 500 years at the Lanzhou Station in upstream of Yellow River[J]. Journal [ ] River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica in Chinese [11] Labat D Godderiset Y Probst J. Evidence for global [3]. [M]. runoff increase related to climate warming[j]. Advance in Water Resource : Zhu Xiao -yuan Zhang Xue -cheng. Change Studies on [12]. Water Resources of Yellow River[M]. Zhengzhou Yellow [J] River Water Conservancy Press 1999: in Chinese Wei Hong -yi Li Jing Wang Jiang et al. Analysis on [4]. 50 runoff trend and influence factors in Weihe River Basin[J]. [J]. D Ding Yong-jian Ye Bai-sheng Han Tian-ding. The regional difference of climate and runoff of west China in the past 50 years [J]. Chinese Science D Global Science in Chinese [5]. natural runoff and contribution of the natural and artificial [J] factors to the upper reaches of Wei River[J]. Journal of Li Chun-hui Yang Zhi-feng. Tendency and persistence of Natural Resource in Chinese natural runoff in the Yellow River basin[j]. Hydrology in Chinese of Water Resource & Water Engineering in Chinese [1]. 50 [9]. [J] [J] Xu Jiong-xin Sun Ji. Influence of precipitation and human Zhang Jian-xing Ma Xiao-yi Zhao Wen-ju et al. Analysis of the multi -year changing characteristics for runoff activities on water fluxes from the Yellow River into the sea in the past 50 years[j]. Advances in Water Science and its dynamic prediction in Helong Reach of middle Yellow in Chinese River[J]. Hydropower in Chinese [2]. [J]. [10]. [J] Liu Chang-ming Cheng Li. Analysis on runoff series with Zhao Xue-hua Huang Qiang. The effect factors of runoff special reference to drying up courses of lower Huanghe of the upper Yellow River[J]. Natural Science Progress in Chinese Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation in Chinese [13]. [J] Wang Xi -qin Zhang Yuan Zhang Yan -hui. Change of [14]. [J] [6]. [J]. Xu Jiong-xin. Temporal variation in runoff renewability in the drainage area between Hekouzhen and Longmen and Ma Zhu-guo. Historical regular patterns of the discharge in the influencing factors[j]. Progress in Natural Science 2004 the Yellow River and the cause of their formation[j]. Chinese in Chinese Journal of Geophysics, in Chinese 40 year reanalysis project[j]. Bulletin of the American [15] Kalnay E Kanamitsu M Kistler R et al. The NCEP/NCAR Me- [7]. teorological Society [J] [16] [J] Liang Si -hai Wan Li Hu Fu -sheng. Periodic regularity Chen Hua Ding Yi-hui He Jin-hai. Reappraisal of Asian of the runoff in the source region of the Yellow River summer monsoon indices and the long term variation of based on wavelet analysis[j]. Journal of Nanjing University monsoon[j]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica Natural Science in Chinese 779. in Chinese [8]. 500 [17]. [J] [J] Wang Ke -li Jiang Hao Zhao Hong -yan. Atmospheric

7 3 115 water vapor transport from westerly and monsoon over the Northwest China[J]. Advances in Water Science in Chinese [18]. of the annual natural runoff in sub-regions of the Yellow [J] River[J]. Journal of Mountain Science in Chinese Wang Hong -rui Ye Le -tian Liu Chang -ming et al. [26]. Questions and modification on hydrologic series wavelet [J] analysis[j]. Progress in Natural Science Liu Jun-ping Tian Feng-wei Huang Qiang. The change in Chinese rule of runoff of the Yellow River based on wavelet trans- [19]. form[j]. Progress in Nature Science [J] in Chinese 16. [27] Krishnamurti T N Ramanathan Y. Sensitivity of monsoon Wang Li -na Wang Yong Gao Peng et al. Changing onset of differential heating[j]. Journal of the Atmospheric characteristics and trend of water and sediment in coarse Sciences sand source regions of Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soil and [28]. 40 Water Conservation in Chinese [J] [20] Peterson B Holmes R McClelland J. Increasing river discharge to the Arctic Ocean[J]. Science summer monsoon in relation to summer later scale weather Shi Neng Zhu Qian-gen Wu Bing-gui. The east Asian [21]. 50a climate anomaly in China for last 40 years[j]. Scientia At- I [J] Ye Bai-sheng Li Chong Yang Da-qing et al. Variation trend of precipitation and its impact on water resource in China during last 50 years Annual variation[j]. Jour- in Chinese [23] [J] [32]. Zhang Gou-wei Wu Su-fen Wang Zhi -jie. The signal [J] of climatic shift in northwest China deduced from river Gong Dao -yi Wang Shao -wu. Structure of the zonal runoff change in Xinjiang region[j]. Journal of Glaciology mean circulation over the northern hemisphere and its impact on climate of China in winter[j]. Scientia Geographica and Geocryology in Chinese [24]. Sinica in Chinese [M]. 2003: 124. Shi Ya-feng Shen Yong -ping Li Dong -liang. An Assessment of the Issues of Climatic Shift from Warm-dry to Warm-wet in Northwest China[M]. Beijing China Meteorological Press 2003: 124. in Chinese [25]. [J] Yang Zhi-feng Li Chun-hui. Abrupt and periodic changes mospherica Sinica in Chinese [29].. 10 [M] Lin Xue -chun. Judgment of Strong and Weak Monsoon. Memoirs of Meteorological Science and Technology 10 nal of Glaciology and Geocryology [M]. B eijing Meteorological Press in Chinese in Chinese [22]. [30] Rossby C G. Relationship between variations in the intensity of the zonal variation and the displacement of the semi- [J] Liu Chun-zhen Yang Jian-qing. A study of trend of variability and change of annual runoff in southwest China[J] permanent centers of action[j]. Journal of Marine Research Climatic and Environment Research [31] Namias J. The index cycle and its role in the general circulation[j]. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences [33]. [J] Li Yun-gang He Da-ming Ye Chang-qing. The Variation of runoff of Red River Basin in Yunnan[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica in Chinese

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