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1 克漏字測驗的教學測以 2013 年四技共同科英文題為例李登慧嘉南藥理大學應用外語系助理教授吳振榮嘉南藥理大學應用外語系特聘教授壹前言 : 克漏字測驗之沿革一克漏字測驗起源 : 克漏字 (cloze) 一詞源自於 Wilson Taylor, 其理論基礎乃依完形學派心理學 (Gestalt Psychology) 之觀點, 認為人的頭腦在認知事物時能自動補足細小之缺漏, 而將其完整化克漏字測驗 (cloze tests; cloze procedure) 乃將文章或段落中挖出一些空格讓考生去填補 ( 填充式 ) 或選補 ( 選擇式 ) 二克漏字測驗敏感度之爭議 : 克漏字測驗敏感度強弱之爭議, 文獻上分兩派, 一派認為它敏感度高能有效測出考生之全面性閱讀能力, 考題設計相當容易, 評分也很簡單, 實為一種良好的測驗方式 (Anderson, 1971; Oller, 1983); 另一派則認為克漏字測驗敏感度低僅能如單句式試題一樣, 測驗某種文法觀念某個字詞的意義, 而無法測驗出考生之全面性閱讀能力 (Carroll, 1972; Shanahan, Kamil, & Tobin 1982) 筆者們多年對此議題也略有著墨, 從博士論文延續到後續相關研究, 發現克漏字之敏感度實則與空格屬性 (cloze item traits) 有甚大關聯三克漏字測驗空格屬性之差異 : 承上節, 克漏字測驗空格屬性大致可分成句構型 (syntactic) 字義型 (semantic) 及(cohesive,coherent)) 三大類句構型考文法與句法 ; 字義型考字詞之定義 ; 考轉接語 (transitional words/phrases) 依敏感度而言, 空格最敏感, 字義型次之, 而句構型則最殿後克漏字測驗空格屬性亦可依內容字 (content words) 及作用字 (function words) 分類, 依相關研究顯示內容字比作用字敏感 (Wu, 2003) 而從教學角度而言, 短期間內 ( 一學期內 ) 句構型及字義型之空格學生進步較明顯, 而之空格則較不明顯 (Wu, 2012) E7A5ACF66D}

2 貳技職校院統一入學測驗 ( 以下簡稱統測 ) 克漏字測驗試題實例說明本文主旨乃分析四技共同科英文科綜合測驗題 ( 即 : 克漏字測驗 ) 題型, 俾供考生應考教師教學及學生平日學習之參考茲舉 2013 年四技共同科英文題為例 : ( 資料來源 : 技專校院入學測驗中心官方網站 ) 下篇短文每段均有 5 個空格, 請依短文文意, 選出一個最適合該空格的答案 In my free time, I really like surfing the Internet. When I get home from work, I turn on my computer, wait until it boots up completely, and then go online. With a broadband Internet service, webpages load faster with a high-speed 26, and I can upload and download files faster. I usually check my first and write a few messages to family and friends. I sometimes 27 _ the local news headlines at my favorite news website and read up on the 28 local and international news. This website often provides video news clips that I can view online. I sometimes order products online to save money and time _29 going to a store and buying what I am looking for. Whatever I do, I realize that there are problems with using the Internet, including scams, identity theft, and viruses. I am very careful not to 30 my personal information. Using the Internet can be a fun and convenient way of shopping and finding out new information, but I just need to be careful. 26. A. description B. confusion C. connection D. dedication 27. A. put B. scan C. direct D. mix 28. A. latest B. latter C. less D. lest 29. A. instead of B. inclusive of C. in sense of D. in spite of 30. A. turn out B. figure out C. put out D. give out 26 (C) connection 字義型單字 ( 同句 ) internet service, high speed 27 (B) scan 字義型單字 ( 同子句 ) headlines 28 (A) latest 句構型單字 ( 同子句 ) news 29 (A) instead of ( 同句 )order products online, going to a store and buying 30 (D) give out 字義型 ( 同子句 )personal information

3 If you are looking for a new job, here are some job interview tips you should keep in mind when meeting with a potential employer. First, be sure to dress appropriately for the 31. If you have an interview for a high-ranking job offered by a big company, then you might want to consider 32 nice pants and a dress shirt. However, you don t want to overdress, either. 33, be sure to do some research on the company. This will help you know if you have the needed skills or experience to work for that company. Finding out something about the company will also help you ask key questions about their business to show them you are interested in their company. Finally, be 34 to tell them why you would be the best choice for the position. You do not have to 35 about your accomplishments, but you can tell them in a confident and direct way why you can help their company better than other applicants. 31. A. occasion B. platform C. opposition D. partnership 32. A. wear B. wore C. worn D. wearing 33. A. On the contrary B. In other words C. Otherwise D. Next 34. A. decided B. reported C. prepared D. connected 35. A. blame B. boast C. bend D. balance 31 (A) occasion 字義型單字 ( 句外 ) 前句之 job interview 32 (D) wearing 句構型單字 ( 同子句 )consider 後接 V ing 33 (D) Next 單字 ( 句外 ) 連貫下下句之 Finally 34 (C)prepared 字義型單字 ( 同子句 )be prepared to 35 (B) boast 字義型單字 ( 同句 )accomplishment, but tell them in a confident and direct way ˉ Cell phones have changed a lot since they first became popular about twenty years ago. They used to be large and the buttons were also often hard to 36. Now, most of the smart cell phones do not have buttons they have touchscreens! Cell phones are not just used to make calls now; even the most basic phones can also send text messages. Some have 37, so when you are having fun with your friends, or see something cool in a store, you can take a picture and send it to others immediately. What most people are excited about are apps 38 that allow your phone to do many cool things. Only smartphones are smart enough to 39 these apps. There are apps for many different things. Some turn your phone into a 40 positioning system (GPS), so you will not get lost when you travel. Others allow you to download music, or movies. No matter which phone you choose, it is easy to see how cell phones help us every day and continue to get smarter! 36. A. print B. paved C. press D. possess

4 37. A. paints B. cameras C. brushes D. layers 38. A. applications B. approaches C. appliances D. appointments 39. A. inhabit B. imply C. contribute D. handle 40. A. global B. grateful C. grammar D. generous 36 (C)press 字義型單字 ( 同子句 )button 37 (B)cameras 字義型單字 ( 同句 )take a picture 38 (A)applications 字義型單字 ( 同子句 )apps 39 (D)handle 字義型單字 ( 同子句 )these apps 40 (A)global 字義型單字 ( 同子句 )GPS 統測四技共同科英文克漏字測驗近 3 年之出題趨勢 : 1. 文章之題材相當多元, 近幾年考題頻率最高者依序為 : 資訊科技 ( 含手機網際網路 ) 職場英文( 含面試 ) 休閒觀光環保等 2. 用字難易度 : 概均以全民英檢中級字表為準, 偶有少數單字出自中高級 ( 3. 通常第一個句子 ( 子句 ) 及最後一個句子 ( 子句 ) 不挖空格 4. 同一個子句以挖一個空格為限 5. 一段 ( 篇 ) 文章之空格通常涵蓋字義型句構型及三種, 而以字義型居多參結論 : 克漏字測驗教學測之建議 1. 教師平日教學可加強培養學生分析空格數屬性之能力, 加強學生單字量閱讀能力以及透過上下文解析文章的能力 2. 學生平日需訓練自己尋找空格答題之能力 3. 考生答克漏字測驗試題時, 應先看讀該段或該文之頭尾兩句, 以便找出大意答題時應先從答題選項中判斷此題究竟是考句構文意或連貫字詞, 然後從最靠近空格之前後文句找出該題之答題 (cues), 找到後答案就大致已浮現 References Anderson, J.C. (1983). Native and Nonnative Speaker Performance on Cloze Tests. Language Learning, 30(1), Carroll, J.B. (1972). Defining Language Comprehension: Some Speculations. In J. Carroll, & R.O. Freedle (Eds.) Language Comprehension and the Acquisition of Knowledge, 1 29.

5 Oller, J. W. Jr. (1980). Language Testing Research. Annual Review of Review of Applied Linguistics, 1, Shanahan, T., Kamil, M., & Tobin, A.W. (1982). Cloze as a Measure of Intersentential Comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 17(2), Taylor, W. L. (1953). Cloze Procedure : A New Tool for Measuring Readability. Journalism Quarterly, 30, Wu, J. R. (1994). The Sensitivity of the Cloze Procedure to Discourse Constraints in English as a Foreign Language. Ph. D. Dissertation, the University of Kansas. Wu, J.R. (2003). The Construct Validity of the Cloze Procedure: An Investigation Into the Traits of the Cloze Items. In Context in Language and Language Testing. Tainan, Taiwan: Fu wen Publishing Company, 吳振榮 2012 年淺談選擇式克漏字測驗教學外語群科中心電子報第 70 期 E7A5ACF66D} 技專校院入學測驗中心官方網站 :

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可愛的動物小五雷雅理第一次小六甲黃駿朗今年暑假發生了一件令人非常難忘的事情, 我第一次參加宿營, 離開父母, 自己照顧自己, 出發前, 我的心情十分緊張當到達目的地後郭家朗許鈞嵐劉振迪樊偉賢林洛鋒第 36 期出版日期 28-3-2014 出版日期 28-3-2014 可愛的動物小五雷雅理第一次小六甲黃駿朗今年暑假發生了一件令人非常難忘的事情, 我第一次參加宿營, 離開父母, 自己照顧自己, 出發前, 我的心情十分緊張當到達目