ii Copyright Tobias Oetiker and Contributors. All rights reserved. This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the

Transcription

1 L A TEX 2ε 145 L A TEX 2ε : Tobias Oetiker Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl : Version 5.01, April 06, 2011 : Tux9 : 5.01

2 ii Copyright Tobias Oetiker and Contributors. All rights reserved. This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fittness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Tobias Oetiker ; Free Software Foundation GNU,,, ; GNU GNU ;, Free Software Foundation :675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

3 ! LATEX 2.09 : Hubert Partl <partl@mail.boku.ac.at> Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Irene Hyna <Irene.Hyna@bmwf.ac.at> Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien Elisabeth Schlegl in Graz <no >, Jörg Knappen LATEX 2ε, CTAN :CTAN://info/lshort/german

4 iv!,, Eric Abrahamsen, Rosemary Bailey, Marc Bevand, Friedemann Brauer, Barbara Beeton, Salvatore Bonaccorso, Jan Busa, Markus Brühwiler, Pietro Braione, David Carlisle, José Carlos Santos, Neil Carter, Mike Chapman, Pierre Chardaire, Christopher Chin, Carl Cerecke, Chris McCormack, Diego Clavadetscher, Wim van Dam, Benjamin Deschwanden Jan Dittberner, Michael John Downes, Matthias Dreier, David Dureisseix, Eilinger August, Elliot, Rockrush Engch, Hans Ehrbar, Daniel Flipo, David Frey, Hans Fugal, Robert Funnell, Robin Fairbairns, Jörg Fischer, Erik Frisk, Mic Milic Frederickx, Frank, Kasper B. Graversen, Arlo Griffiths, Alexandre Guimond, Andy Goth, Cyril Goutte, Greg Gamble, Frank Fischli, Robert Funnell, Morten H holm, Neil Hammond, Rasmus Borup Hansen, Joseph Hilferty, Björn Hvittfeldt, Martien Hulsen, Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones, David Jones, Nils Kanning, Tobias Krewer, Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Andrzej Kawalec, Sander de Kievit, Alain Kessi, Christian Kern, Tobias Klauser, Jörg Knappen, Kjetil Kjernsmo, Michael Koundouros, Matt Kraai, Maik Lehradt, Rémi Letot, Flori Lambrechts, Mike Lee, Axel Liljencrantz, Johan Lundberg, Alexander Mai, Hendrik Maryns, Martin Maechler, Aleksandar S Milosevic, Henrik Mitsch, Claus Malten, Kevin Van Maren, Stefan M. Moser, Richard Nagy, Philipp Nagele, Lenimar Nunes de Andrade, I. J. Vera Marún, Manuel Oetiker, Urs Oswald, Marcelo Pasin, Lan Thuy Pham, Martin Pfister, Breno Pietracci, Demerson Andre Polli, Nikos Pothitos, Maksym Polyakov Hubert Partl, John Refling, Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley, Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Kurt Rosenfeld, Chris Rowley, Axel Kielhorn, Risto Saarelma, Jordi Serra i Solanich, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter, Gilles Schintgen, Baron Schwartz, Christopher Sawtell, Miles Spielberg, Matthieu Stigler, Geoffrey Swindale, Laszlo Szathmary, András Salamon, Boris Tobotras, Josef Tkadlec, Scott Veirs, Didier Verna, Matthew Widmann, Fabian Wernli, Carl-Gustav Werner, David Woodhouse, Chris York, Fritz Zaucker, Rick Zaccone, and Mikhail Zotov.

5 v 5.01! 4.20 : Tux9 <tuxding@gmail.com> ! TEX lshort-zh-cn!, : CTEX ID zpxing & 3 Frogge liwenjun lijian605 gprsnl haginile Frogge, blackold zpxing ! CTEX, : CTEX ID overview.tex things.tex controlong typeset.tex cxterm math.tex, lssym.tex aloft spec.tex ganzhi custom.tex!

6

7 LATEX [1], LATEX TEX[2] LATEX 2ε, LATEX [1, 3] LATEX : LATEX 2ε LATEX, LATEX LATEX, LATEX, LATEX, LATEX EPS pdflatex pdf LATEX LATEX,, LATEX, LATEX LATEX,,, LATEX PC Mac UNIX VMS LATEX, Local Guide [5] LATEX, LATEX, LATEX LATEX, Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (CTAN),

8 viii CTAN,, url CTAN: CTAN://systems, LATEX, LATEX,, Tobias Oetiker OETIKER+PARTNER AG Aarweg Olten Switzerland CTAN://info/lshort,

9 ! iii vii TEX LATEX LATEX LATEX LATEX

10 x ( ) (/) ( ) (e) ( ) Unicode Itemize Enumerate Description AMS-LATEX Single Equations that are Too Long: multline Multiple Equations Problems with Traditional Commands IEEEeqnarray Environment Common Usage Arrays and Matrices

11 xi 3.7 Spacing in Math Mode Phantoms Fiddling with the Math Fonts Bold Symbols EPS Verbatim pdflatex PDF LATEX pdflatex X LATEX X LATEX pdflatex E E picture \multiput \linethickness Bézier PGF TikZ

12 xii 6 LATEX LATEX , A LATEX 125 A A.2 Mac OS X TEX A.2.1 TEX A A.2.3 PDFView A.3 Windows TEX A.3.1 TEX A.3.2 LATEX A A A.4 Linux TEX

13 1.1 LATEX article fancyhdr beamer

14

15 LATEX LATEX AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS

16 xvi 4.1 graphicx pt TEX

17 Chapter 1 LATEX 2ε LATEX, LATEX, TEX TEX Donald E. Knuth [2] 1977,,Knuth TEX,, TEX 1982, 1989, 8 TEX TEX π, TEX Tech, ch Ach 1 Loch ch ch,,x ch chi TEX τεκνολογ ια (technology) ASCII,TEX TeX L A TEX LATEX, LATEX Leslie Lamport [1], TEX LATEX Frank Mittelbach 1., ch, Pech ch,knuth Wikipedia : TEX,, ch X e, tex, tyekh, ach Loch ch

18 2 LATEX Lay-tech Lah-tech ASCII LATEX, LaTeX LATEX 2ε Lay-tech two e, ASCII LaTeX2e , ( ),, LATEX,LATEX, TEX LATEX,, LATEX, MS Word LibreOffice (WYSIWYG 2 ),, LATEX,, LATEX, 1.2.2,,, :,, (WYSIWYG),, LATEX,,LATEX 2. What you see is what you get.

19 1.3 LATEX (WYSIWYG) LATEX,,LATEX (advantages of LATEX),, LATEX :,, LATEX,, PostScript The LATEX Companion [3] LATEX, LATEX TEX, LATEX 2ε,,, LATEX, ;-) LATEX,, 3 LATEX, 1.3 L A TEX LATEX Unix/Linux, Windows, LATEX LaTeX IDE LATEX LATEX (space),,, 3. L A TEX3

20 4 It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word. An empty line starts a new paragraph. It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word. An empty line starts a new paragraph LATEX (reserved characters), LATEX,,, LATEX # $ % ^ & _ { } \,, \# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{} \textbackslash # $ % ˆ & _ { } \ \ (\\); \textbackslash L A TEX LATEX (commands), :to the command name. (backslash) \,, LATEX, {}, {} LATEX I read that Knuth divides the people working with \TeX{} into \TeX{}nicians and \TeX perts.\\ Today is \today. I read that Knuth divides the people working with TEX into TEXnicians and TEXperts. Today is October 26, 2011.

21 1.3 LATEX 5 (parameter), (curly braces) { } (optional parameters), (square brackets) [ ], \ [ ]{ } LATEX,, You can \textsl{lean} on me! You can lean on me! Please, start a new line right here!\newline Thank you! Please, start a new line right here! Thank you! LATEX, %,LATEX %,, This is an % stupid % Better: instructive <---- example: Supercal% ifragilist% icexpialidocious This is an example: Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious %, verbatim comment,, ( ) \usepackage{verbatim} This is another \begin{comment} rather stupid, but helpful \end{comment} example for embedding comments in your document. This is another example for embedding comments in your document.

22 6 1.4 LATEX 2ε, (structure), \documentclass{...},, LATEX (package) \usepackage{...} 4, \begin{document} LATEX \end{document} LATEX LATEX 1.1 LATEX 2ε (input file) there is a LATEX button to start compiling your input file. On other systems 6 LATEX :LATEX, LATEX, LATEX, LATEX : LATEX 5 1. ASCII Unix, Windows, 4. \documentclass \begin{document} (preamble) 5. Unix Unix ;-) \documentclass{article} \begin{document} Small is beautiful. \end{document} 1.1 LATEX

23 1.5 7 ASCII,.tex 2. shell,, LATEX,.dvi, LATEX,LATEX ctrl-d latex foo.tex 3. DVI xdvi foo.dvi & X11 Unix Windows, yap ( ) Ghostscript dvi PostScript dvips -Pcmz foo.dvi -o foo.ps LATEX dvipdf,.dvi \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article} % define the title \author{h. Partl} \title{minimalism} \begin{document} % generates the title \maketitle % insert the table of contents \tableofcontents \section{some Interesting Words} Well, and here begins my lovely article. \section{good Bye World} \ldots{} and here it ends. \end{document} 1.2 article LATEX,

24 8 pdf dvipdf foo.dvi LATEX, \documentclass \documentclass[options]{class} class 1.1 LATEX 2ε, options 1.2 letters. You might want to consider using the Beamer class instead. : LATEX \documentclass[11pt,twoside,a4paper]{article} LATEX article 11, A , LATEX (graphics) (coloured text) 1.1 article proc article minimal report book slides sans serif Beamer

25 pt, 11pt, 12pt, 10pt a4paper, letterpaper, letterpaper, a5paper, b5paper, executivepaper legalpaper fleqn, leqno, titlepage, notitlepage (document title) article,report book onecolumn, twocolumn LATEX (one column) (two column) twoside, oneside article report (single sided),book (double sided), landscape landscape openright, openany article, (chapter) report book

26 LATEX doc LATEX doc.dtx a The LATEX Companion [3] exscale ltexscale.dtx fontenc LATEX (font encoding) ltoutenc.dtx ifthen if then do otherwise do. ifthen.dtx The LATEX Companion [3] latexsym LATEX latexsym.dtx The LATEX Companion [3] makeidx 4.3 The LATEX Companion [3] syntonly dvi ( ) inputenc, ASCII, ISO Latin-1, ISO Latin-2, 437/850 IBM code pages, Apple Macintosh, Next, ANSI-Windows inputenc.dtx a., latex doc.dtx dvi.dtx, LATEX \usepackage[options]{package} package,options LATEX ( 1.3), LATEX The LATEX Companion [3], LATEX 2ε TEX Unix, texdoc

27 1.7 LATEX LATEX / (header/footer), (page style) \pagestyle{style} style LATEX plain headings, ( ) empty \thispagestyle{style} The LATEX Companion [3] L A TEX LATEX, (extension) LATEX,,,.tex LATEX TEX latex.sty LATEX \usepackage LATEX.dtx TEX LATEX.dtx, LATEX.ins.dtx LATEX,.dtx.ins LATEX.ins.dtx.cls, \documentclass.fd, LATEX LATEX :

28 12.dvi LATEX DVI dvips.log.toc.lof.toc,.lot.toc,.aux.idx,latex makeindex, ind.idx.ilg.log, makeindex 1.8, LATEX \include{filename} filename.tex, filename.tex,latex LATEX \include \includeonly{filename,filename, }, \include, \includeonly \include \includeonly, include,, \input{filename} \input, LATEX, syntonly LATEX,, DVI,LATEX, syntonly :

29 \usepackage{syntonly} \syntaxonly, ( %)

30

31 Chapter 2, LATEX,, 2.1 By Hanspeter Schmid ( DAAC 1 ),,,, LATEX, LATEX ( ) (paragraph),, \\,,,,,,,,,, LATEX, ( ), (, ) % Example 1 \ldots when Einstein introduced his formula \begin{equation} 1., the Swiss German UVA (Um s Verrecken Anders).

32 16 e = m \cdot c^2 \;, \end{equation} which is at the same time the most widely known and the least well understood physical formula. % Example 2 \ldots from which follows Kirchhoff's current law: \begin{equation} \sum_{k=1}^{n} I_k = 0 \;. \end{equation} Kirchhoff's voltage law can be derived \ldots % Example 3 \ldots which has several advantages. \begin{equation} I_D = I_F - I_R \end{equation} is the core of a very different transistor model. \ldots, LATEX, LATEX,, ( ), :,,, ( ),,, \section{the Structure of Text and Language}, ,LATEX (line break),latex,, 6.3.2

33 2.2 17, LATEX \\ or \newline, \\*, \newpage \linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n], \nopagebreak[n] n, n 0 4, n 4, LATEX break new break,latex ;,! LATEX LATEX,, ( Overfull \hbox ) LATEX 2 \sloppy, LATEX,, ( underfull hbox ) \fussy LATEX LATEX, TEX \hyphenation{word list} -, LATEX 2. (Overfull hbox), L A TEX, \documentclass draft,l A TEX

34 18,,, \begin{document}, babel, babel hyphenation Hyphenation, FORTRAN, Fortran fortran : \hyphenation{fortran Hy-phen-a-tion} \- ( : ),,,LATEX 3 I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-% i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-% al\-i\-do\-cious I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious \mbox{text}, My phone number will change soon. It will be \mbox{ }. The parameter \mbox{\emph{filename}} should contain the name of the file. My phone number will change soon. It will be The parameter filename should contain the name of the file. \fbox \mbox, 2.3, LATEX \today October 26, 2011 \TeX TEX \LaTeX LATEX \LaTeXe LATEX 2ε 3. DC (DC font)

35 , " (quotation marks) LATEX, `( ), '( ) ` ' ``Please press the `x' key.'' Please press the x key.,, ( ), ( ) LATEX (dash),, : daughter-in-law, X-rated\\ pages \\ yes---or no? \\ $0$, $1$ and $-1$ daughter-in-law, X-rated pages yes or no? 0, 1 and 1 : - (hyphen), (en-dash), (em-dash) (minus sign) ( ) LATEX, \, : ( ) : \\ bush demo (/),, read/write, LATEX,, \slash read \slash write /, 5 MB/s

36 ( ) Printing the degree symbol in pure LATEX. LATEX (degree symbol): It's $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. I will soon start to super-conduct. It s 30 C. I will soon start to superconduct. textcomp \textdegree C \textcelsius 30 \textcelsius{} is 86 \textdegree{}f. 30 is 86 F (e), textcomp, \usepackage{textcomp} \texteuro, : eurosym : \usepackage[official]{eurosym}, gen official 2.1 LM+textcomp \texteuro eurosym \euro e e e [gen]eurosym \euro AC AC AC

37 ( ), (comma) (period),, (ellipsis), \ldots (low dots) Not like this... but like this:\\ New York, Tokyo, Budapest, \ldots Not like this... but like this: New York, Tokyo, Budapest, 2.4.8, ff fi fl ffi ff fi fl ffi (ligature), \mbox{},, Not shelfful\\ but shelf\mbox{}ful Not shelfful but shelfful LATEX (accent) (special character) 2.2 o i j, \i \j H\^otel, na\"\i ve, \'el\`eve,\\ sm\o rrebr\o d,!`se\ norita!,\\ Sch\"onbrunner Schlo\ss{} Stra\ss e Hôtel, naïve, élève, smørrebrød, Se norita!, Schönbrunner Schloß Straße

38 (language),latex : 1. 4, Johannes Braams babel 2.,LATEX LATEX Local Guide [5] 3., (:), \documentclass \usepackage[language]{babel} babel LATEX, babel LATEX,, babel,, babel (German) (äöü) babel, "o \"o ö ò \`o ó \'o ô \^o o \ o ō \=o \.o ö \"o ç \c c ŏ \u o ǒ \v o ő \H o o \c o ọ \d o o \b o o \t oo œ \oe Œ \OE æ \ae Æ \AE å \aa Å \AA ø \o Ø \O ł \l Ł \L ı \i ȷ \j!`?`

39 babel \usepackage[languagea,languageb]{babel} ( languageb \selectlanguage{languagea} /,LATEX inputenc : \usepackage[encoding]{inputenc},,, ä 132 ISO-LATIN 1 Unix, 228 Windows Cyrillic cp1251, 5 Operating encodings system western Latin Cyrillic Mac applemac macukr Unix latin1 koi8-ru Windows ansinew cp1251 DOS, OS/2 cp850 cp866nav \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} LATEX utf8,,, 4 Unicode (Windows XP, MacOS X), utf8 inputenc utf8, 4.8 X LATEX, Unicode TEX TEX, E 5. Latin Cyrillic, inputenc.dtx cyinpenc.dtx 4.6

40 24 fontenc : \usepackage[encoding]{fontenc} encoding LATEX OT1,Computer Modern TEX 7-bit ASCII 128,TEX,,,, (Greek) (Cyrillic), 8-bit CM T1 Extended Cork (EC), LH, T2A, T2B, T2C, X2 6 LGR CB, CM, CM, By Demerson Andre Polli <polli@linux.ime.usp.br> (Portuguese), : \usepackage[portuguese]{babel}, brazilian, \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}, \usepackage[t1]{fontenc}. 2.3 latin1, utf8 6. [11]

41 \usepackage[portuguese] {babel} \usepackage[latin1] {inputenc} \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} By Daniel Flipo LATEX (French) : : \usepackage[francais]{babel}, :\chapter Chapitre, \today, \og guillemets \fg{} «guillemets» M\up{me}, D\up{r} M me, D r 1\ier{}, 1\iere{}, 1\ieres{} 1 er, 1 re, 1 res 2\ieme{} 4\iemes{} 2 e 4 es \No 1, \no 2 N o 1, n o 2 20 \degres C, 45\degres 20 C, 45 \bsc{m. Durand} M. Durand \nombre{1234,56789} 1 234,567 89,, babel francais, frenchb.dtx LATEX frenchb.dvi frenchb numprint \nombre

42 LATEX (German) : : \usepackage[german]{babel}, : Chapter Kapitel,, inputenc 2.5 inputenc,, 2.5 "a ä "s ß "` "' "< or \flqq "> or \frqq \flq < \frq > \dq, ( guillemets ) this, guillemets, \flq : OT1 ( ),guillemets, T1,, T1 (\usepackage[t1]{fontenc}) LATEX (Korean), : 1. (Korean input files) (plain-text format), US-ASCII, ASCII EUC-KR MS-Windows,CP949/Windows-949/UHC, US-ASCII ASCII, ASCII 7. L A TEX,Karnes KIM lshort, SHIN Jungshik,Tobi Oetiker

43 ISO-8859-x,EUC-JP Big5 Shift_JIS, KS X , (Mac OS, Unix, Windows), 2. TEX LATEX 256 8, (glyph) CJK, 256, : UN Koaunghi HLATEX,CHA Jaechoon hlatexp Werner Lemberg CJK (CJK package) 9 HLATEX hlatexp (Korean localization) EUC-KR, Λ Ω,HLATEX CP949/Windows-949/UHC UTF-8 CJK UTF-8 CJK EUC-KR CP949/Windows-949/UHC,, HLATEX,CJK HLATEX 3. TEX LATEX, HLATEX 10 (family) UHC PostScript 5 (family) (Munhwabu 10 ) (TrueType) CJK HLATEX, Bitstream s cyberbit TrueType , ( ) (KS X 1001:1998 KS X 1002:1992), ISO 10646/Unicode, ( : ( L A TEX,, Unicode TEX Ω Λ 9. language/korean/hlatex/, language/korean/cjk/ 10.

44 28 HLATEX, \usepackage{hangul},,, (, ),, HLATEX,, : \usepackage{hfont} HLATEX, HLATEX Guide Korean TEX User Group (KTUG) By Nikolaos Pothitos <pothitos@di.uoa.gr> (Greek) \usepackage[english,greek]{babel} \usepackage[iso ]{inputenc}, \textlatin{english text} \textgreek{greek text},, \selectlanguage{...} 2.7, \euro 11. inputenc utf8x L A TEX Unicode

45 ;? ; (( «))» `` '' By Maksym Polyakov <polyama@myrealbox.com> 3.7h babel T2* LATEX fontenc inputenc, inputenc mathtext 12 : \usepackage{mathtext} \usepackage[t1,t2a]{fontenc} \usepackage[koi8-ru]{inputenc} \usepackage[english,bulgarian,russian,ukranian]{babel},babel,, T2A,,,,babel,, ( \frenchspacing),babel : (, ), 2.8 (for compound words with hyphen, e.g. x-""y babel Russian Ukrainian \Asbuk \asbuk, \Alph \alph 13, ( ) babel Bulgarian \enumbul \enumlat (\enumeng), \Alph \alph ( ), 12. AMS-L A TEX, fontenc babel 13. a, b, c,

46 babel Bulgarian Russian Ukrainian " "-, "--- "-- ( ) "--* "" "-, (, x-""y enable/disable ) " "=, ",, "` (,,) "' ( ) "< ( <<) "> ( >>) LATEX, :Multilingual Babel and MonTEX, Oliver Corff MonTEX MonTEX, \usepackage[language,encoding]{mls} xalx, bicig bicig (Simplified Transliteration) \SetDocumentEncodingLMC \SetDocumentEncodingNeutral CTAN://language/mongolian/montex/doc

47 babel, \usepackage[t2a]{fontenc} \usepackage[mn]{inputenc} \usepackage[mongolian]{babel}, mn cp1251 utf Unicode By Axel Kielhorn Unicode, X TEX was developed for MacOS X but is now available for all architectures. It was first included into TexLive E LuaTEX is the successor of pdftex. It was first included into TexLive TexLive 2010 X E LATEX LATEX X 1. UTF-8 2. \usepackage{inputenc} \usepackage{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} E LATEX: 3. \usepackage[languagea]{babel} \usepackage{polyglossia} \setdefaultlanguage[babelshorthands]{languagea} 4. \usepackage[ligatures=tex]{fontspec}

48 32 polyglossia[19] babel babelshorthands babel fontspec[21] X LATEX LuaTEX Latin Modern Roman TEX TEX, Ligatures=TeX : '' ``!`?`,, << «>>» E Γρϵϵκ Unicode TEX,, Unicode, 14,TEX, i : \setdefaultlanguage{english} \setotherlanguage[babelshorthands]{german}, : Englisch text. \begin{german} Deutscher Text. \end{german} More English text., \textlanguage : Englisch text. \textgerman{gesundheit} is actually a German word.,,, 14.

49 ,polyglossia \newfontfamily\russianfont[script=cyrillic,(...)]{(font)} \textrussian{pravda} is a russian newspaper. Latin1, xgreek[22], polyglossia bidi[23] 16 bidi, hyperref hyperref ( polyglossia bidi, polyglossia ) xepersian[24] \section, xepersian X LATEX kashida SCICT 17 aspx IranNastaliq arabxetex[20] arab (Arabic) persian urdu sindhi pashto ottoman (turk) kurdish kashmiri malay (jawi) uighur X LATEX TEX ASCII IRMUG 18 E E bidi LuaTEX 17. Supreme Council of Information and Communication Technology 18. Iranian Mac User Group

50 34, polyglossia Unicode SBL, Open Font License Ezra SIL catalog/show_software.asp?id=76 : \newfontfamily\hebrewfont[script=hebrew]{sbl Hebrew} \newfontfamily\hebrewfont[script=hebrew]{ezra SIL} (CJK) The package xecjk[25] takes care of font selection and punctuation of these languages. xecjk[25] 2.6,LATEX, LATEX,,, \@, Mr. Smith was happy to see her\\ cf. Fig. 5\\ I like BASIC\@. What about you? Mr. Smith was happy to see her cf. Fig. 5 I like BASIC. What about you? \frenchspacing, LATEX, \frenchspacing, \@

51 ,, LATEX, article, : \section{...} \subsection{...} \subsubsection{...} \paragraph{...} \subparagraph{...}, \part{...} report book, \chapter{...} article,, LATEX : \part \appendix, 19 LATEX, \tableofcontents (table of contents), ( LATEXed ) LATEX *,, \section{help} \section*{help},,, \chapter[title for the table of contents]{a long and especially boring title, shown in the text} 19. article

52 36 (title) \maketitle \maketitle, \title{...}, \author{...} \date{...} \author, \and 7 1.2,,LATEX 2ε book, : \frontmatter \begin{document}, (,\chapter*{preface}), \mainmatter, \appendix \backmatter,, 2.8, (cross-references) LATEX \label{marker}, \ref{marker} \pageref{marker} marker \label,latex \ref \pageref \label 20, A reference to this subsection \label{sec:this} looks like: ``see section \ref{sec:this} on page \pageref{sec:this}.'' A reference to this subsection looks like: see section 2.8 on page \label

53 \footnote{footnote text} (put) 21, 22 Footnotes\footnote{This is a footnote.} are often used by people using \LaTeX. Footnotes a are often used by people using L A TEX. a. This is a footnote. 2.10, 用下划线来强调重要的单词 \underline{text}, LATEX \emph{text} : \emph{if you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then \LaTeX{} uses the \emph{normal} font for emphasizing.} If you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then L A TEX uses the normal font for emphasizing. 21. put 22.,,? :-)

54 ,LATEX (environment): \begin{environment} text \end{environment} environment, \begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa} Itemize Enumerate Description itemize,enumerate, description \flushleft \begin{enumerate} \item You can mix the list environments to your taste: \begin{itemize} \item But it might start to look silly. \item[-] With a dash. \end{itemize} \item Therefore remember: \begin{description} \item[stupid] things will not become smart because they are in a list. \item[smart] things, though, can be presented beautifully in a list. \end{description} \end{enumerate} 1. You can mix the list environments to your taste: But it might start to look silly. - With a dash. 2. Therefore remember: Stupid things will not become smart because they are in a list. Smart things, though, can be presented beautifully in a list flushleft flushright (left-aligned) (right-aligned) center \\,LATEX \begin{flushleft} This text is\\ left-aligned. \LaTeX{} is not trying to make each line the same length. \end{flushleft} This text is left-aligned. L A TEX is not trying to make each line the same length.

55 \begin{flushright} This text is right-\\aligned. \LaTeX{} is not trying to make each line the same length. \end{flushright} This text is rightaligned. L A TEX is not trying to make each line the same length. \begin{center} At the centre\\of the earth \end{center} At the centre of the earth quote A typographical rule of thumb for the line length is: \begin{quote} On average, no line should be longer than 66 characters. \end{quote} This is why \LaTeX{} pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn print is used in newspapers. A typographical rule of thumb for the line length is: On average, no line should be longer than 66 characters. This is why L A TEX pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn print is used in newspapers. :quotation verse quotation, verse, \\, I know only one English poem by heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty. \begin{flushleft} \begin{verse} Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:\\ Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.\\ All the King's horses and all the King's men\\ Couldn't put Humpty together again. \end{verse} \end{flushleft} I know only one English poem by heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall: Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King s horses and all the King s men Couldn t put Humpty together again , LATEX abstract abstract article

56 40 \begin{abstract} The abstract abstract. \end{abstract} The abstract abstract \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim},,, LATEX, \verb+text+ + *, The \verb \ldots command \ldots \begin{verbatim} 10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD "; 20 GOTO 10 \end{verbatim} The \ldots command 10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD "; 20 GOTO 10 \begin{verbatim*} the starred version of the verbatim environment emphasizes the spaces in the text \end{verbatim*} the starred version of the verbatim environment emphasizes the spaces in the text \verb : \verb* like this :-) like this :-) verbatim \verb tabular (table) LATEX \begin{tabular}[pos]{table spec} table spec l, r

57 , c ; p{width} ;,LATEX p{width} pos t b c tabular, &, \\, \hline \cline{j-i}, j i \begin{tabular}{ r l } \hline 7C0 & hexadecimal \\ 3700 & octal \\ \cline{2-2} & binary \\ \hline \hline 1984 & decimal \\ \hline \end{tabular} 7C0 hexadecimal 3700 octal binary 1984 decimal \begin{tabular}{ p{4.7cm} } \hline Welcome to Boxy's paragraph. We sincerely hope you'll all enjoy the show.\\ \hline \end{tabular} Welcome to Boxy s paragraph. We sincerely hope you ll all enjoy \begin{tabular}{@{} \hline no leading space\\ \hline \end{tabular} no leading space \begin{tabular}{l} \hline leading space left and right\\ \hline \end{tabular} leading space left and right

58 42 24, :, (&)! \multicolumn \begin{tabular}{c l} Pi expression & \multicolumn{2}{c}{value} \\ \hline $\pi$ & 3&1416 \\ $\pi^{\pi}$ & 36&46 \\ $(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662&7 \\ \end{tabular} Pi expression Value π π π (π π ) π \begin{tabular}{ c c } \hline \multicolumn{2}{ c }{Ene} \\ \hline Mene & Muh! \\ \hline \end{tabular} Ene Mene Muh!, supertabular longtabular LATEX \arraystretch \tabcolsep \begin{tabular}{ l } \hline These lines\\\hline are tight\\\hline \end{tabular} {\renewcommand{\arraystretch} {1.5} \renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} \begin{tabular}{ l } \hline less cramped\\\hline table layout\\\hline \end{tabular}} These lines are tight less cramped table layout, 25 0 \rule 24. tools, dcolumn 25. strut

59 \begin{tabular}{ c } \hline \rule{1pt}{4ex}pitprop \ldots\\ \hline \rule{0pt}{4ex}strut\\ \hline \end{tabular} Pitprop Strut pt em TEX ,,,,, LATEX (floating bodies) ;,, LATEX, LATEX LATEX : figure table \begin{figure}[placement specifier] \begin{table}[ ] placement specifier, 2.9 LATEX placement specifier (float-placing permissions). 2.9, \begin{table}[!hbp] placement specifier [!hbp] LATEX, (b), (p), (!), [tbp] LATEX placement specifier,, 26,LATEX,, :LATEX 26.!

60 44 ( h ),LATEX : LATEX, placement specifiers,,, [h], LATEX, [ht], table figure \caption{caption text}, LATEX \listoffigures \listoftables \tableofcontents,,,, \caption \caption[short]{llllloooooonnnnnggggg} Use \label and \ref to create a reference to a float within your text. Note that the \label command must come after the \caption command since you want it to reference the number of the caption. \label \ref Spec 2.9 h here, t (top) b (bottom) p (page)! a a.

61 , \caption,\label \caption,, Figure \ref{white} is an example of Pop-Art. \begin{figure}[!hbtp] \makebox[\textwidth]{\framebox[5cm]{\rule{0pt}{5cm}}} \caption{five by Five in Centimetres.\label{white}} \end{figure}, (h) 27,LATEX (!), (b),,latex,,, \clearpage \cleardoublepage LATEX, \cleardoublepage LATEX, LATEX 2ε PostScript 2.13 ( \caption \section), (, ) \section, (fragile commands) \footnote \phantom, \protect, \protect,, \protect \section{i am considerate \protect\footnote{and protect my footnotes}} 27.

62

63 Chapter 3, TEX :,,,,, AMS-LATEX 3.1 AMS-L A TEX ( ) (mathematics), AMS-LATEX AMS- LATEX amsmath AMS-LATEX AMS-LATEX (American Mathematical Society), LATEX,, ( :AMS-LATEX!) AMS-LATEX LATEX 1, amsmath \usepackage{amsmath} 3.2 (,text style (,display style $ : Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared to get $c$ squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ Add a squared and b squared to get c squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 1., :CTAN://macros/latex/required/amslatex

64 48 \TeX{} is pronounced as $\tau\epsilon\chi$\\[5pt] 100~m$^{3}$ of water\\[5pt] This comes from my $\heartsuit$ TEX is pronounced as τϵχ 100 m 3 of water This comes from my, (display),, \begin{equation} \end{equation} 2 \label \eqref, \tag Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared to get $c$ squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach \begin{equation} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{equation} Einstein says \begin{equation} E = mc^2 \label{clever} \end{equation} He didn't say \begin{equation} = 3 \tag{dumb} \end{equation} This is a reference to \eqref{clever}. Add a squared and b squared to get c squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach a 2 + b 2 = c 2 (3.1) Einstein says He didn t say This is a reference to (3.2). E = mc 2 (3.2) = 3 (dumb) LATEX, equation, equation*,, \[ \] 3 Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared to get $c$ squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach \begin{equation*} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{equation*} or you can type less for the same effect: \[ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \] Add a squared and b squared to get c squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach a 2 + b 2 = c 2 or you can type less for the same effect: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 \[, equation equation* : 2. amsmath, L A TEX displaymath 3. amsmath L A TEX equation

65 This is text style: $\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}$. And this is display style: \begin{equation} \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6} \end{equation} n This is text style: lim n k=1 1 k 2 And this is display style: lim n n k=1 1 k 2 = π2 6 = π2 6. (3.3),\smash LATEX A $d_{e_{e_p}}$ mathematical expression followed by a $h^{i^{g^h}}$ expression. As opposed to a smashed \smash{$d_{e_{e_p}}$} expression followed by a \smash{$h^{i^{g^h}}$} expression. A d eep mathematical expression followed by a h igh expression. As opposed to a smashed d eep expression followed by a h igh expression , : 1.,,, \,,\quad \qquad(, 3.7 ) 2. 3., ( ), \textrm{...} ( ) $\forall x \in \mathbf{r}: \qquad x^{2} \geq 0$ x R : x 2 0 $x^{2} \geq 0\qquad \text{for all }x\in\mathbf{r}$ x 2 0 for all x R : ( blackboard bold ),, amsfonts amssymb \mathbb, AMS-LATEX,

66 50 LATEX, CTAN:/fonts/amsfonts/ latex/ $x^{2} \geq 0\qquad \text{for all } x \in \mathbb{r}$ x 2 0 for all x R, amsmath (, ) (Greek letters) \alpha \beta \gamma, \Gamma \Delta $\lambda,\xi,\pi,\theta, \mu,\phi,\omega,\delta$ λ, ξ, π, θ, µ, Φ, Ω, Exponents, Superscripts and Subscripts can be specified using the ^ and the _ characters. Most math mode commands act only on the next character, so if you want a command to affect several characters, you have to group them together using curly braces: {...}. ^ _,, :{...} $p^3_{ij} \qquad m_\text{knuth}\qquad \sum_{k=1}^3 k \\[5pt] a^x+y \neq a^{x+y}\qquad e^{x^2} \neq {e^x}^2$ p 3 ij m Knuth 3 k=1 k a x + y a x+y e x2 e x2 (square root) \sqrt; \sqrt[n] n LATEX, \surd $\sqrt{x} \Leftrightarrow x^{1/2} \quad \sqrt[3]{2} \quad \sqrt{x^{2} + \sqrt{y}} \quad \surd[x^2 + y^2]$ x x 1/2 3 2 x 2 + y [x 2 +y 2 ] 4. L A TEX 2ε Alpha Beta, A B

67 3.3 51, \cdot \cdots,\ldots, \vdots,\ddots (diagonal dots) 3.6 $\Psi = v_1 \cdot v_2 \cdot \ldots \qquad n! = 1 \cdot 2 \cdots (n-1) \cdot n$ Ψ = v 1 v 2... n! = 1 2 (n 1) n \overline \underline, : $0.\overline{3} = \underline{\underline{1/3}}$ 0.3 = 1/3 \overbrace \underbrace : $\underbrace{\overbrace{a+b+c}^6 \cdot \overbrace{d+e+f}^9} _\text{meaning of life} = 42$ 6 9 {}}{{}}{ a + b + c d + e + f }{{} meaning of life = 42, (tilde), , \widehat \widetilde \hat \widehat, \bar ' ( ) (prime) $f(x) = x^2 \qquad f'(x) = 2x \qquad f''(x) = 2\\[5pt] \hat{xy} \quad \widehat{xy} \quad \bar{x_0} \quad \bar{x}_0$ f(x) = x 2 f (x) = 2x f (x) = 2 ˆ XY XY x0 x 0 (arrow symbols), \vec \overrightarrow \overleftarrow A B $\vec{a} \qquad \vec{ab} \qquad \overrightarrow{ab}$ a AB AB,, LATEX :

68 52 \arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sinh \sup \tan \tanh \min \Pr \sec \sin \begin{equation*} \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}=1 \end{equation*} sin x lim x 0 x = 1 For functions missing from the list, use the \DeclareMathOperator command. There is even a starred version for functions with limits. This command works only in the preamble so the commented lines in the example below must be put into the preamble., \DeclareMathOperator, % \DeclareMathOperator{\argh} {argh} %\DeclareMathOperator*{\nut}{Nut} \begin{equation*} 3\argh = 2\nut_{x=1} \end{equation*} 3 argh = 2 Nut x=1 (modulo function), :\bmod a mod b, \pmod x a (mod b) : $a\bmod b \\ x\equiv a \pmod{b}$ a mod b x a (mod b) (fraction) \frac{...}{...}, \tfrac,, \dfrac 1/2,,, : In display style: \begin{equation*} 3/8 \qquad \frac{3}{8} \qquad \tfrac{3}{8} \end{equation*} In display style: 3/

69 In text style: $1\frac{1}{2}$~hours \qquad $1\dfrac{1}{2}$~hours In text style: hours 11 2 hours \partial (partial derivative \begin{equation*} \sqrt{\frac{x^2}{k+1}}\qquad x^\frac{2}{k+1}\qquad \frac{\partial^2f} {\partial x^2} \end{equation*} x 2 k + 1 x 2 k+1 2 f x 2, amsmath \binom : Pascal's rule is \begin{equation*} \binom{n}{k} =\binom{n-1}{k} + \binom{n-1}{k-1} \end{equation*} Pascal s rule is ( ) ( n n 1 = k k ) + ( ) n 1 k 1 (binary relations \stackrel {#1}{#2} #1 #2, #2 \begin{equation*} f_n(x) \stackrel{*}{\approx} 1 \end{equation*} f n (x) 1 (integral operator) \int, (sum operator) \sum, (product operator) \prod ^ _ : \begin{equation*} \sum_{i=1}^n \qquad \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad \prod_\epsilon \end{equation*} n i=1 π 2 0 ϵ \begin{displaymath} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad \prod_\epsilon \end{displaymath} n i=1 π 2 0 ϵ,amsmath \substack :

70 54 \begin{equation*} \sum^n_{\substack{0<i<n \\ j\subseteq i}} P(i,j) = Q(i,j) \end{equation*} n 0<i<n j i P (i, j) = Q(i, j) LATEX (bracketing) (delimiters) ( [ ) \{, ( \updownarrow) \begin{equation*} {a,b,c} \neq \{a,b,c\} \end{equation*} a, b, c {a, b, c} \left \right,latex, \left \right,, \right. : \begin{equation*} 1 + \left(\frac{1}{1-x^{2}} \right)^3 \qquad \left. \ddagger \frac{~} {~} \right) \end{equation*} ( ) x 2 ),, \big,\big,\bigg \Bigg : $\Big((x+1)(x-1)\Big)^{2}$\\ $\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \quad \big \} \Big \} \bigg \} \Bigg \} \quad \big \ \Big \ \bigg \ \Bigg \ \quad \big\downarrow \Big\Downarrow \bigg\downarrow \Bigg\Downarrow$ ( ) 2 (x + 1)(x 1) ( ((( } }}} Single Equations that are Too Long: multline If an equation is too long, we have to wrap it somehow. Unfortunately, wrapped equations are usually less easy to read than not wrapped ones. To improve the readability, there are certain rules on how to do the wrapping:

71 3.4 Single Equations that are Too Long: multline In general one should always wrap an equation before an equality sign or an operator. 2. A wrap before an equality sign is preferable to a wrap before any operator. 3. A wrap before a plus- or minus-operator is preferable to a wrap before a multiplication-operator. 4. Any other type of wrap should be avoided if at all possible. The easiest way to achieve such a wrapping is the use of the multline environment: 5 \begin{multline} a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i \\ = j + k + l + m + n \end{multline} a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i = j + k + l + m + n (3.4) The difference from the equation environment is that an arbitrary linebreak (or also multiple line-breaks) can be introduced. This is done by putting a \ \ on those places where the equation needs to be wrapped. Similarly to equation* there also exists a multline* version for preventing an equation number. Often the IEEEeqnarray environment (see section 3.5) will yield better results. Consider the following situation: \begin{equation} a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p \label{eq:equation_too_long} \end{equation} a = b+c+d+e+f +g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p (3.5) Here it is actually the RHS that is too long to fit on one line. The multline environment creates the following output: \begin{multline} a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j \\ + k + l + m + n + o + p \end{multline} a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p (3.6) This is better than (3.5), but it has the disadvantage that the equality sign loses its natural greater importance with respect to the plus operator in front of k. The better solution is provided by the IEEEeqnarray environment that will be discussed in detail in Section The multline-environment is from amsmath.

72 Multiple Equations In the most general situation we have a sequence of several equalities that do not fit onto one line. Here we need to work with vertical alignment in order to keep the array of equations in a nice and readable structure. Before we offer our suggestions on how to do this, we start with a few bad examples that show the biggest drawbacks of some common solutions Problems with Traditional Commands To group multiple equations the align environment 6 could be used: \begin{align} a & = b + c \\ & = d + e \end{align} a = b + c (3.7) = d + e (3.8) this approach fails once a single line is too long: \begin{align} a & = b + c \\ & = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l \nonumber \\ & + m + n + o \\ & = p + q + r + s \end{align} a = b + c (3.9) = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o (3.10) = p + q + r + s (3.11) Here + m should be below d and not below the equality sign. Of course, one could add some space (\hspace{...}), but this will never yield a precise arrangement (and is bad style ). A better solution is offered by the eqnarray environment: \begin{eqnarray} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l \nonumber \\ && +\: m + n + o \\ & = & p + q + r + s \end{eqnarray} a = b + c (3.12) = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o (3.13) = p + q + r + s (3.14) This is still not optimal though as he spaces around the equality signs are too big. Particularly, they are not the same as in the multline and equation environments: 6. The align-environment can also be used to group several blocks of equations beside each other. Another excellent use case for the IEEEeqnarray environment. Try an argument like {rcl+rcl}.

73 3.5 Multiple Equations 57 \begin{eqnarray} a & = & a = a \end{eqnarray} a = a = a (3.15) and the expression sometimes overlaps with the equation number even though there would be enough room on the left: \begin{eqnarray} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g + h^2 + i^2 + j \label{eq:faultyeqnarray} \end{eqnarray} a = b + c (3.16) = d + e + f + g + h 2 + i 2 + (3.17) j While the environment offers a command \lefteqn that can be used when the LHS is too long: \begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h}\nonumber\\ & = & i + j + k + l + m \\ & = & n + o + p + q + r + s \end{eqnarray} a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = i + j + k + l + m (3.18) = n + o + p + q + r + s (3.19) this is not optimal either as the RHS is too short and the array is not properly centered: \begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h} \nonumber \\ & = & i + j \end{eqnarray} a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = i + j (3.20) having badmouthed the competition sufficiently, I can now stear you gently towards the glorious IEEEeqnarray Environment The IEEEeqnarray environment is a very powerful command with many options. Here, we will only introduce its basic functionalities. For more information we refer to the manual The official manual is called IEEEtran_HOWTO.pdf. The part about IEEEeqnarray can be found in Appendix F.

74 58 First of all, in order to be able to use the IEEEeqnarray environment one needs to load the package 8 IEEEtrantools. Include the following line in the header of your document: \usepackage[retainorgcmds]{ieeetrantools} The strength of IEEEeqnarray is the ability to specify the number of columns in the equation array. Usually, this specification will be {rcl}, i.e., three columns, the first column right-justified, the middle one centered with a little more space around it (therefore we specify capital C instead of lowercase c) and the third column left-justified: \begin{ieeeeqnarray}{rcl} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k \nonumber\\ && +\: l + m + n + o \\ & = & p + q + r + s \end{ieeeeqnarray} a = b + c (3.21) = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o (3.22) = p + q + r + s (3.23) any number of columns can be specified: {c} will give only one column with all entries centered, or {rcll} would add a fourth, left-justified column to use for comments. Moreover, beside l, c, r, L, C, R for math mode entries there are also s, t, u for left, centered, and right text mode entries. Additional space can be added with. and / and? in increasing order. 9 Note the spaces around the equality signs in contrast to the space produced by the eqnarray environment Common Usage In the following we will describe how we use IEEEeqnarray to solve the most common problems. If a line overlaps with the equation number as in (3.17), the command \IEEEeqnarraynumspace can be used: it has to be added in the corresponding line and makes sure that the whole equation array is shifted by the size of the equation numbers (the shift depends on the size of the number!): instead of 8. The IEEEtrantools package may not be included in your setup, it can be found on CTAN. 9. For more spacing types refer to Section

75 3.5 Multiple Equations 59 \begin{ieeeeqnarray}{rcl} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k \\ & = & l + m + n \end{ieeeeqnarray} a = b + c (3.24) = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k(3.25) = l + m + n (3.26) we get \begin{ieeeeqnarray}{rcl} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k \IEEEeqnarraynumspace\\ & = & l + m + n. \end{ieeeeqnarray} a = b + c (3.27) = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k (3.28) = l + m + n. (3.29) If the LHS is too long, as a replacement for the faulty \lefteqn command, IEEEeqnarray offers the \IEEEeqnarraymulticol command which works in all situations: \begin{ieeeeqnarray}{rcl} \IEEEeqnarraymulticol{3}{l}{ a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h }\nonumber\\ \quad & = & i + j \\ & = & k + l + m \end{ieeeeqnarray} a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = i + j (3.30) = k + l + m (3.31) The usage is identical to the \multicolumns command in the tabularenvironment. The first argument {3} specifies that three columns shall be combined into one which will be left-justified {l}. Note that by inserting \quad commands one can easily adapt the depth of the equation signs, 10 e.g., \begin{ieeeeqnarray}{rcl} \IEEEeqnarraymulticol{3}{l}{ a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h }\nonumber\\ \qquad\qquad & = & i + j \\ & = & k + l + m \end{ieeeeqnarray} a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = i + j (3.32) = k + l + m (3.33) 10. I think that one quad is the distance that looks good for most cases.

76 60 If an equation is split into two or more lines, LATEX interprets the first + or as a sign instead of operator. Therefore, it is necessary to add an additional space \: between the operator and the term: instead of \begin{ieeeeqnarray}{rcl} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k \nonumber\\ && + l + m + n + o \\ & = & p + q + r + s \end{ieeeeqnarray} a = b + c (3.34) = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k +l + m + n + o (3.35) = p + q + r + s (3.36) we should write \begin{ieeeeqnarray}{rcl} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k \nonumber\\ && +\: l + m + n + o \\ & = & p + q + r + s \end{ieeeeqnarray} a = b + c (3.37) = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o (3.38) = p + q + r + s (3.39) Note the space difference between + and l! And sometimes spacing just work e.g., in front of an operator name like \log, \sin, \det, \max, etc., an integral \int or sum \sum, a bracket with adaptive size using \left and \right (this is in contrast to normal brackets or brackets with fixed size like \big( ), a + or cannot be a sign, but must be an operator. In those situations LATEX will add the correct spacing and no additional space is needed. If a particular line should not have an equation number, the number can be suppressed using \nonumber (or \IEEEnonumber). If on such a line a label \label{eq:...} is defined, then this label is passed on further to the next equation number that is not suppressed. Place the labels right before the line-break \\ or the next to the equation it belongs to. Apart from improving the readability of the source code this prevents a compilation error in the situation of a \IEEEmulticol command after the label-definition. There also exists a *-version where all equation numbers are suppressed. In this case an equation number can be made to appear using the command \IEEEyesnumber: