ii Tobias Oetiker ; Free Software Foundation GNU,, ( ), ; GNU GNU ;, Free Software Foundation :675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Transcription

1 L A TEX 2ε 112 L A TEX 2ε : Tobias Oetiker Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl : Version 4.20, May 31, 2006 : TEX : 4.20

2 ii Tobias Oetiker ; Free Software Foundation GNU,, ( ), ; GNU GNU ;, Free Software Foundation :675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

3 ! L A TEX 2.09 : Hubert Partl <partl@mail.boku.ac.at> Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Irene Hyna <Irene.Hyna@bmwf.ac.at> Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien Elisabeth Schlegl in Graz <no >, Jörg Knappen L A TEX 2ε, CTAN :CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort/german

4 iv!,, Rosemary Bailey, Marc Bevand, Friedemann Brauer, Jan Busa, Markus Brühwiler, Pietro Braione, David Carlisle, José Carlos Santos, Neil Carter, Mike Chapman, Pierre Chardaire, Christopher Chin, Carl Cerecke, Chris McCormack, Wim van Dam, Jan Dittberner, Michael John Downes, Matthias Dreier, David Dureisseix, Elliot, Hans Ehrbar, Daniel Flipo, David Frey, Hans Fugal, Robin Fairbairns, Jörg Fischer, Erik Frisk, Mic Milic Frederickx, Frank, Kasper B. Graversen, Arlo Griffiths, Alexandre Guimond, Andy Goth, Cyril Goutte, Greg Gamble, Frank Fischli, Morten Høgholm, Neil Hammond, Rasmus Borup Hansen, Joseph Hilferty, Björn Hvittfeldt, Martien Hulsen, Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones, David Jones, Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Michael Koundouros, Andrzej Kawalec, Sander de Kievit, Alain Kessi, Christian Kern, Tobias Klauser, Jörg Knappen, Kjetil Kjernsmo, Maik Lehradt, Rémi Letot, Flori Lambrechts, Axel Liljencrantz, Johan Lundberg, Alexander Mai, Hendrik Maryns, Martin Maechler, Aleksandar S Milosevic, Henrik Mitsch, Claus Malten, Kevin Van Maren, Richard Nagy, Philipp Nagele, Lenimar Nunes de Andrade, Manuel Oetiker, Urs Oswald, Martin Pfister, Demerson Andre Polli, Nikos Pothitos, Maksym Polyakov Hubert Partl, John Refling, Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley, Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Chris Rowley, Risto Saarelma, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter, Gilles Schintgen, Baron Schwartz, Christopher Sawtell, Miles Spielberg, Geoffrey Swindale, Laszlo Szathmary, Boris Tobotras, Josef Tkadlec, Scott Veirs, Didier Verna, Fabian Wernli, Carl-Gustav Werner, David Woodhouse, Chris York, Fritz Zaucker, Rick Zaccone, and Mikhail Zotov.

5 v 4.20! TEX lshort-zh-cn!, : CTEX ID zpxing & 3 Frogge liwenjun lijian605 gprsnl haginile Frogge, blackold zpxing ! CTEX, : CTEX ID overview.tex things.tex controlong typeset.tex cxterm math.tex, lssym.tex aloft spec.tex ganzhi custom.tex!

6

7 L A TEX [1], L A TEX TEX[2] L A TEX 2ε, L A TEX [1, 3] L A TEX : L A TEX 2ε L A TEX, L A TEX L A TEX, L A TEX, L A TEX, L A TEX EPS pdfl A TEX pdf L A TEX L A TEX,, L A TEX, L A TEX L A TEX,,, L A TEX PC Mac UNIX VMS L A TEX, Local Guide [5] L A TEX, L A TEX, L A TEX L A TEX, Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (CTAN), ftp ftp:// ftp://ctan.tug.org

8 viii CTAN,, url CTAN: CTAN:/tex-archive/systems, L A TEX, L A TEX,, Tobias Oetiker <oetiker@ee.ethz.ch> Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort,

9 ! iii vii TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX ( ) ( ) (e)

10 x (... ) Itemize Enumerate Description EPS Verbatim pdfl A TEX PDF

11 xi picture \multiput \linethickness Bézier XY-pic L A TEX L A TEX ,

12

13 1.1 L A TEX article fancyhdr beamer

14

15 L A TEX L A TEX AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS graphicx

16 xvi pt TEX

17 Chapter 1 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX, L A TEX, TEX TEX Donald E. Knuth [2] 1977,,Knuth TEX,, TEX 1982, 1989, 8 TEX TEX π, TEX Tech, ch Ach 1 Loch ch ch,,x ch chi TEX texnologia (technology) ASCII,TEX TeX L A TEX L A TEX,, L A TEX Leslie Lamport [1], TEX L A TEX Frank Mittelbach L A TEX Lay-tech Lah-tech ASCII L A TEX, LaTeX L A TEX 2ε Lay-tech two e, ASCII LaTeX2e 1, ch, Pech ch,knuth Wikipedia : TEX,, ch X e, tex, tyekh, ach Loch ch

18 , ( ),, L A TEX,L A TEX, TEX L A TEX,, L A TEX, MS Word Corel WordPerfect (WYSIWYG 2 ),, L A TEX,, L A TEX, 1.2.2,,, :,, (WYSIWYG),, L A TEX,,L A TEX (WYSIWYG) L A TEX,,L A TEX (advantages of L A TEX),, L A TEX :,, 2 What you see is what you get.

19 1.3 L A TEX 3 L A TEX,, PostScript The L A TEX Companion [3] L A TEX, L A TEX TEX, L A TEX 2ε,,, L A TEX, ;-) L A TEX,, 3 L A TEX, 1.3 L A TEX L A TEX ASCII, L A TEX, L A TEX L A TEX (space),,, It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word. An empty line starts a new paragraph. It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word. An empty line starts a new paragraph. 3 LATEX3

20 L A TEX (reserved characters), L A TEX,,, L A TEX # $ % ^ & _ { } \,, \# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \ {} # $ % ˆ & { } \ (\\); L A TEX L A TEX (commands), : (backslash) \, L A TEX, {}, {} L A TEX I read that Knuth divides the people working with \TeX{} into \TeX{}nicians and \TeX perts.\\ Today is \today. I read that Knuth divides the people working with TEX into TEXnicians and TEXperts. Today is August 2, (parameter), (curly braces) { } (optional parameters), (square brackets) [ ], L A TEX,, You can \textsl{lean} on me! You can lean on me! Please, start a new line right here!\newline Thank you! Please, start a new line right here! Thank you! 4 $\backslash$, \

21 L A TEX, %,L A TEX %,, This is an % stupid % Better: instructive <---- example: Supercal% ifragilist% icexpialidocious This is an example: Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious %, verbatim comment,, ( ) \usepackage{verbatim} This is another \begin{comment} rather stupid, but helpful \end{comment} example for embedding comments in your document. This is another example for embedding comments in your document. 1.4 L A TEX 2ε, (structure), \documentclass{...},, L A TEX (package) \usepackage{...} 5, \begin{document} L A TEX \end{document} L A TEX L A TEX 1.1 L A TEX 2ε (input file) \documentclass \begin{document} (preamble)

22 6 \documentclass{article} \begin{document} Small is beautiful. \end{document} 1.1 L A TEX \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article} % define the title \author{h. Partl} \title{minimalism} \begin{document} % generates the title \maketitle % insert the table of contents \tableofcontents \section{some Interesting Words} Well, and here begins my lovely article. \section{good Bye World} \ldots{} and here it ends. \end{document} 1.2 article L A TEX,

23 L A TEX :L A TEX, L A TEX,, L A TEX : L A TEX 6 1. ASCII Unix, Windows, ASCII,.tex 2. L A TEX,.dvi, L A TEX,L A TEX ctrl-d latex foo.tex 3. DVI xdvi foo.dvi & X11 Unix Windows, yap ( ) Ghostscript dvi PostScript dvips -Pcmz foo.dvi -o foo.ps L A TEX dvipdf,.dvi pdf dvipdf foo.dvi 6 Unix Unix ;-)

24 L A TEX, \documentclass \documentclass[options]{class} class 1.1 L A TEX 2ε, options 1.2 : L A TEX \documentclass[11pt,twoside,a4paper]{article} L A TEX article 11, A , L A TEX (graphics) (coloured text), L A TEX \usepackage[options]{package} package,options L A TEX ( 1.3), L A TEX The L A TEX Companion [3], L A TEX 2ε 1.1 article proc article minimal report book slides sans serif FoilTEX a a macros/latex/contrib/supported/foiltex

25 pt, 11pt, 12pt, 10pt a4paper, letterpaper,... letterpaper, a5paper, b5paper, executivepaper legalpaper fleqn leqno,, titlepage, notitlepage (document title) article,report book onecolumn, twocolumn L A TEX (one column) (two column) twoside, oneside article report (single sided),book (double sided), landscape landscape openright, openany article, (chapter) report book

26 L A TEX doc L A TEX doc.dtx a The L A TEX Companion [3] exscale ltexscale.dtx fontenc L A TEX (font encoding) ltoutenc.dtx ifthen if... then do... otherwise do.... ifthen.dtx The L A TEX Companion [3] latexsym L A TEX latexsym.dtx The L A TEX Companion [3] makeidx 4.3 The L A TEX Companion [3] syntonly dvi ( ) inputenc, ASCII, ISO Latin-1, ISO Latin-2, 437/850 IBM code pages, Apple Macintosh, Next, ANSI-Windows inputenc.dtx a, latex doc.dtx dvi.dtx TEX Unix, texdoc L A TEX / (header/footer), (page style) \pagestyle{style} style L A TEX plain headings, ( ) empty

27 1.7 L A TEX 11 \thispagestyle{style} The L A TEX Companion [3] L A TEX L A TEX, (extension) L A TEX,,,.tex L A TEX TEX latex.sty L A TEX \usepackage L A TEX.dtx TEX L A TEX.dtx, L A TEX.ins.dtx L A TEX,.dtx.ins L A TEX.ins.dtx.cls, \documentclass.fd, L A TEX L A TEX :.dvi L A TEX DVI dvips.log.toc.lof.toc,.lot.toc,.aux.idx,l A TEX makeindex, ind.idx.ilg.log, makeindex

28 12 1.8, L A TEX \include{filename} filename.tex, filename.tex,l A TEX L A TEX \include \includeonly{filename,filename,... }, \include, \includeonly \include \includeonly,,, \input{filename} \input, L A TEX, syntonly L A TEX,, DVI,L A TEX, syntonly : \usepackage{syntonly} \syntaxonly, ( %)

29 Chapter 2, L A TEX,, 2.1 By Hanspeter Schmid <hanspi@schmid-werren.ch> ( DAAC 1 ),,,, L A TEX, L A TEX ( ) (paragraph),, \\,,,,,,,,,, L A TEX, ( ), (, ) % Example 1 \ldots when Einstein introduced his formula \begin{equation} e = m \cdot c^2 \;, \end{equation} which is at the same time the most widely known and the least well understood physical formula. 1, the Swiss German UVA (Um s Verrecken Anders).

30 14 % Example 2 \ldots from which follows Kirchhoff s current law: \begin{equation} \sum_{k=1}^{n} I_k = 0 \;. \end{equation} Kirchhoff s voltage law can be derived \ldots % Example 3 \ldots which has several advantages. \begin{equation} I_D = I_F - I_R \end{equation} is the core of a very different transistor model. \ldots, L A TEX, L A TEX,, ( ), :,,, ( ),,, \section{the Structure of Text and Language}, ,L A TEX (line break),l A TEX,, 6.3.2

31 2.2 15, L A TEX \\ or \newline, \\*, \newpage \linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n], \nopagebreak[n] n, n 0 4, n 4, L A TEX break new break,l A TEX,! L A TEX L A TEX,, ( overfull hbox ) L A TEX 2 \sloppy, L A TEX,, ( underfull hbox ) \fussy L A TEX L A TEX, TEX \hyphenation{word list} -, L A TEX,,, \begin{document}, babel, babel hyphenation Hyphenation, FORTRAN, Fortran fortran 2 (Overfull hbox), LATEX, \documentclass draft,latex

32 16 : \hyphenation{fortran Hy-phen-a-tion} \- ( : ),,,L A TEX 3 I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-% i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-% al\-i\-do\-cious I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious \mbox{text}, My phone number will change soon. It will be \mbox{ }. The parameter \mbox{\emph{filename}} should contain the name of the file. My phone number will change soon. It will be The parameter filename should contain the name of the file. \fbox \mbox, 2.3, L A TEX \today August 2, 2008 \TeX TEX \LaTeX L A TEX \LaTeXe L A TEX 2ε , (quotation marks) L A TEX, `( ), '( ) Please press the x key. Please press the x key.,, (`), (') 3 DC (DC font)

33 L A TEX (dash),, : daughter-in-law, X-rated\\ pages \\ yes---or no? \\ $0$, $1$ and $-1$ daughter-in-law, X-rated pages yes or no? 0, 1 and 1 : - (hyphen), (en-dash), (em-dash) (minus sign) ( ) L A TEX, \~, : : \\ bush demo ( ) L A TEX (degree symbol): It s $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. I will soon start to super-conduct. I will soon start to super- It s 30 C. conduct. textcomp \textcelsius (e), textcomp, \usepackage{textcomp} \texteuro, :

34 18 eurosym : \usepackage[official]{eurosym}, gen official marvosym, \EURtm (slanted) (bold) 2.1 LM+textcomp \texteuro eurosym \euro e e e [gen]eurosym \euro AC AC AC marvosym \EURtm e e e (... ), (comma) (period),, (ellipsis), \ldots Not like this... but like this:\\ New York, Tokyo, Budapest, \ldots Not like this... but like this: New York, Tokyo, Budapest, , ff fi fl ffi... ff fi fl ffi... (ligature), \mbox{},, Not shelfful\\ but shelf\mbox{}ful Not shelfful but shelfful

35 L A TEX (accent) (special character) 2.2 o i j, \i \j H\^otel, na\ \i ve, \ el\ eve,\\ sm\o rrebr\o d,! Se\ norita!,\\ Sch\ onbrunner Schlo\ss{} Stra\ss e Hôtel, naïve, élève, smørrebrød, Se norita!, Schönbrunner Schloß Straße 2.2 ò \ o ó \ o ô \^o o \ o ō \=o ȯ \.o ö \ o ç \c c ŏ \u o ǒ \v o ő \H o o \c o ọ \d o ō \b o oo \t oo œ \oe Œ \OE æ \ae Æ \AE å \aa Å \AA ø \o Ø \O l \l L \L ı \i j \j!? 2.5 (language),l A TEX : 1. 4, Johannes Braams babel 2.,L A TEX L A TEX Local Guide [5] 3., (:), \documentclass \usepackage[language]{babel} babel L A TEX, babel L A TEX 4

36 20,, babel,, babel (German) (äöü) babel, o \ o ö babel \usepackage[languagea,languageb]{babel} ( languageb \selectlanguage{languagea} /,L A TEX inputenc : \usepackage[encoding]{inputenc},,, ä 132 ISO-LATIN 1 Unix, 228 Windows Cyrillic cp1251, 5 Operating encodings system western Latin Cyrillic Mac applemac macukr Unix latin1 koi8-ru Windows ansinew cp1251 DOS, OS/2 cp850 cp866nav, ucs unicode \usepackage{ucs} \usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} L A TEX utf8x,,, 4 TEX, fontenc : \usepackage[encoding]{fontenc} encoding 5 Latin Cyrillic, inputenc.dtx cyinpenc.dtx 4.6

37 \usepackage [portuguese] {babel} \usepackage [latin1] {inputenc} \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} L A TEX OT1,Computer Modern TEX 7-bit ASCII 128,TEX,,,, (Greek) (Cyrillic), 8-bit CM T1 Extended Cork (EC), LH, T2A, T2B, T2C, X2 6 LGR CB, CM, CM, By Demerson Andre Polli <polli@linux.ime.usp.br> (Portuguese), : \usepackage[portuguese]{babel}, brazilian, \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}, \usepackage[t1]{fontenc}. 2.3 latin1, Mac DOS 6 [11]

38 By Daniel Flipo L A TEX (French) : : \usepackage[frenchb]{babel},,babel frenchb francais, french, :\chapter Chapitre, \today, \og guillemets \fg{} «guillemets» M\up{me}, D\up{r} M me, D r 1\ier{}, 1\iere{}, 1\ieres{} 1 er, 1 re, 1 res 2\ieme{} 4\iemes{} 2 e 4 es \No 1, \no 2 N o 1, n o 2 20 \degres C, 45\degres 20 C, 45 \bsc{m. Durand} M. Durand \nombre{1234,56789} 1 234,567 89,, babel frenchb, frenchb.dtx L A TEX frenchb.dvi L A TEX (German) : : \usepackage[german]{babel}, : Chapter Kapitel,, inputenc 2.5 inputenc,,, («guillemets»)»this«, «guillemets»,

39 a ä s ß < or \flqq «> or \frqq» \flq < \frq > \dq \flq : OT1 ( ),guillemets, T1,, T1 (\usepackage[t1]{fontenc}) L A TEX (Korean), : 1. (Korean input files) (plain-text format), US-ASCII, ASCII EUC-KR MS-Windows,CP949/Windows-949/UHC, US-ASCII ASCII, ASCII ISO-8859-x,EUC-JP Big5 Shift JIS, KS X , (Mac OS, Unix, Windows), 2. TEX L A TEX 256 8, 7 LATEX,Karnes KIM lshort, SHIN Jungshik,Tobi Oetiker , ( ) (KS X 1001:1998 KS X 1002:1992), ISO 10646/Unicode, ( : ( LATEX,, Unicode TEX Ω Λ, MS Word

40 24 (glyph) CJK, 256, :UN Koaunghi HL A TEX,CHA Jaechoon hl A TEXp Werner Lemberg CJK (CJK package) 9 HL A TEX hl A TEXp (Korean localization) EUC-KR, Λ Ω,HL A TEX CP949/Windows-949/UHC UTF-8 CJK UTF-8 CJK EUC-KR CP949/Windows-949/UHC,, HL A TEX,CJK HL A TEX 3. TEX L A TEX, HL A TEX 10 (family) UHC PostScript 5 (family) (Munhwabu 10 ) (TrueType) CJK HL A TEX, Bitstream s cyberbit TrueType HL A TEX, \usepackage{hangul},,, (, ),, HL A TEX,, : \usepackage{hfont} HL A TEX, HL A TEX Guide Korean TEX User Group (KTUG) By Nikolaos Pothitos <pothitos@di.uoa.gr> (Greek) language/korean/hlatex/, language/korean/cjk/ inputenc utf8x, unicode

41 \usepackage[english,greek]{babel} \usepackage[iso ]{inputenc}, \textlatin{english text} \textgreek{greek text},, \selectlanguage{...} 2.7, \euro 2.7 ;? ; (( «))» By Maksym Polyakov <polyama@myrealbox.com> 3.7h babel T2* L A TEX fontenc inputenc, inputenc mathtext 12 : \usepackage{mathtext} \usepackage[t1,t2a]{fontenc} \usepackage[koi8-ru]{inputenc} \usepackage[english,bulgarian,russian,ukranian]{babel},babel,, T2A,,,,babel,, ( \frenchspacing),babel : (, ), AMS-LATEX, fontenc babel

42 babel Bulgarian Russian Ukrainian -, ( ) --* -, (, x- y enable/disable ) =,,, (,,) ( ) < ( <<) > ( >>) babel Russian Ukrainian \Asbuk \asbuk, \Alph \alph, ( ) babel Bulgarian \enumbul \enumlat (\enumeng), \Alph \alph ( ), 2.6,L A TEX, L A TEX,,, \@, Mr. Smith was happy to see her\\ cf. Fig. 5\\ I like BASIC\@. What about you? Mr. Smith was happy to see her cf. Fig. 5 I like BASIC. What about you? \frenchspacing, L A TEX, \frenchspacing, \@

43 ,, L A TEX, article, : \section{...} \subsection{...} \subsubsection{...} \paragraph{...} \subparagraph{...}, \part{...} report book, \chapter{...} article,, L A TEX : \part \appendix, 13 L A TEX, \tableofcontents (table of contents), ( L A TEXed ) L A TEX *,, \section{help} \section*{help},,, \chapter[title for the table of contents]{a long and especially boring title, shown in the text} 13 article

44 28 (title) \maketitle \maketitle, \title{...}, \author{...} \date{...} \author, \and 6 1.2,,L A TEX 2ε book, : \frontmatter \begin{document}, (,\chapter*{preface}), \mainmatter, \appendix \backmatter,, 2.8, (crossreferences) L A TEX \label{marker}, \ref{marker} \pageref{marker} marker \label,l A TEX \ref \pageref \label 14, A reference to this subsection \label{sec:this} looks like: see section \ref{sec:this} on page \pageref{sec:this}. A reference to this subsection looks like: see section 2.8 on page \label

45 \footnote{footnote text} (put) 15, 16 Footnotes\footnote{This is a footnote.} are often used by people using \LaTeX. Footnotes a are often used by people using L A TEX. a This is a footnote. 2.10, 用 下 划 线 来 强 调 重 要 的 单 词 \underline{text}, L A TEX \emph{text} : \emph{if you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then \LaTeX{} uses the \emph{normal} font for emphasizing.} If you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then L A TEX uses the normal font for emphasizing. L A TEX : \textit{you can also \emph{emphasize} text if it is set in italics,} \textsf{in a \emph{sans-serif} font,} \texttt{or in \emph{typewriter} style.} You can also emphasize text if it is set in italics, in a sans-serif font, or in typewriter style. 15 put 16,,? :-)

46 ,L A TEX (environment): \begin{environment} text \end{environment} environment, \begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa} Itemize Enumerate Description itemize,enumerate, description \flushleft \begin{enumerate} \item You can mix the list environments to your taste: \begin{itemize} \item But it might start to look silly. \item[-] With a dash. \end{itemize} \item Therefore remember: \begin{description} \item[stupid] things will not become smart because they are in a list. \item[smart] things, though, can be presented beautifully in a list. \end{description} \end{enumerate} 1. You can mix the list environments to your taste: But it might start to look silly. - With a dash. 2. Therefore remember: Stupid things will not become smart because they are in a list. Smart things, though, can be presented beautifully in a list flushleft flushright (left-aligned) (rightaligned) center \\,L A TEX \begin{flushleft} This text is\\ left-aligned. \LaTeX{} is not trying to make each line the same length. \end{flushleft} This text is left-aligned. L A TEX is not trying to make each line the same length.

47 \begin{flushright} This text is right-\\aligned. \LaTeX{} is not trying to make each line the same length. \end{flushright} This text is rightaligned. L A TEX is not trying to make each line the same length. \begin{center} At the centre\\of the earth \end{center} At the centre of the earth quote A typographical rule of thumb for the line length is: \begin{quote} On average, no line should be longer than 66 characters. \end{quote} This is why \LaTeX{} pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn print is used in newspapers. A typographical rule of thumb for the line length is: On average, no line should be longer than 66 characters. This is why L A TEX pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn print is used in newspapers. :quotation verse quotation, verse, \\, I know only one English poem by heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty. \begin{flushleft} \begin{verse} Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:\\ Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.\\ All the King s horses and all the King s men\\ Couldn t put Humpty together again. \end{verse} \end{flushleft} I know only one English poem by heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall: Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King s horses and all the King s men Couldn t put Humpty together again , L A TEX abstract abstract article \begin{abstract} The abstract abstract. \end{abstract} The abstract abstract.

48 \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim},,, L A TEX, \verb+text+ + *, The \verb \ldots command \ldots \begin{verbatim} 10 PRINT HELLO WORLD ; 20 GOTO 10 \end{verbatim} The \ldots command PRINT HELLO WORLD ; 20 GOTO 10 \begin{verbatim*} the starred version of the verbatim environment emphasizes the spaces in the text \end{verbatim*} the starred version of the verbatim environment emphasizes the spaces in the text \verb : \verb* like this :-) like this :-) verbatim \verb tabular (table) L A TEX \begin{tabular}[pos]{table spec} table spec l, r, c ; p{width} ;,L A TEX p{width} pos t b c tabular, &, \\, \hline \cline{j-i}, j i

49 \begin{tabular}{ r l } \hline 7C0 & hexadecimal \\ 3700 & octal \\ \cline{2-2} & binary \\ \hline \hline 1984 & decimal \\ \hline \end{tabular} 7C0 hexadecimal 3700 octal binary 1984 decimal \begin{tabular}{ p{4.7cm} } \hline Welcome to Boxy s paragraph. We sincerely hope you ll all enjoy the show.\\ \hline \end{tabular} Welcome to Boxy s paragraph. We sincerely hope you ll all enjoy \begin{tabular}{@{} \hline no leading space\\ \hline \end{tabular} no leading space \begin{tabular}{l} \hline leading space left and right\\ \hline \end{tabular} leading space left and right 18, :, (&)! \multicolumn \begin{tabular}{c l} Pi expression & \multicolumn{2}{c}{value} \\ \hline $\pi$ & 3&1416 \\ $\pi^{\pi}$ & 36&46 \\ $(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662&7 \\ \end{tabular} Pi expression Value π π π (π π ) π tools, dcolumn

50 34 \begin{tabular}{ c c } \hline \multicolumn{2}{ c }{Ene} \\ \hline Mene & Muh! \\ \hline \end{tabular} Ene Mene Muh!, supertabular longtabular 2.12,,,,, L A TEX (floating bodies) ;,, L A TEX, L A TEX L A TEX : figure table \begin{figure}[placement specifier] \begin{table}[... ] placement specifier, 2.9 L A TEX placement specifier (float-placing permissions). 2.9, \begin{table}[!hbp] 2.9 Spec h here, t (top) b (bottom) p (page)! a pt em TEX a

51 ,placement specifier [!hbp] L A TEX, (b), (p), (!), [tbp] L A TEX placement specifier,, 19,L A TEX,, :L A TEX ( h ),L A TEX : L A TEX, placement specifiers,,, [h], L A TEX, [ht], table figure \caption{caption text}, L A TEX \listoffigures \listoftables \tableofcontents,,,, \caption \caption[short]{llllloooooonnnnnggggg} \label \ref,,, Figure \ref{white} is an example of Pop-Art. \begin{figure}[!hbp] \makebox[\textwidth]{\framebox[5cm]{\rule{0pt}{5cm}}} \caption{five by Five in Centimetres.\label{white}} \end{figure}, (h) 20,L A TEX (!), (b) 19! 20

52 36,,L A TEX,,, \clearpage \cleardoublepage L A TEX, \cleardoublepage L A TEX, L A TEX 2ε PostScript 2.13 ( \caption \section), (, ) \section, (fragile commands) \footnote \phantom, \protect, \protect,, \protect \section{i am considerate \protect\footnote{and protect my footnotes}}

53 Chapter 3, TEX :,,,,, AMS-L A TEX L A TEX (mathematics),, \( \),$ $, \begin{math} \end{math} Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared to get $c$ squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$ Add a squared and b squared to get c squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: c 2 = a 2 + b 2 \TeX{} is pronounced as \(\tau\epsilon\chi\).\\[6pt] 100 m$^{3}$ of water\\[6pt] This comes from my \begin{math}\heartsuit\end{math} TEX is pronounced as τɛχ. 100 m 3 of water This comes from my, (display),, \[ \], \begin{displaymath} \end{displaymath} 1 LATEX TEX, macros/latex/required/amslatex

54 38 Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared to get $c$ squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: \begin{displaymath} c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2} \end{displaymath} or you can type less with: \[a+b=c\] Add a squared and b squared to get c squared. Or, using a more mathematical approach: c 2 = a 2 + b 2 or you can type less with: a + b = c L A TEX, equation \label \ref amsmath \eqref \begin{equation} \label{eq:eps} \epsilon > 0 \end{equation} From (\ref{eq:eps}), we gather \ldots{}from \eqref{eq:eps} we do the same. ɛ > 0 (3.1) From (3.1), we gather... From (3.1) we do the same.,, : $\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}$ lim n n k=1 1 = π2 k 2 6 \begin{displaymath} \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6} \end{displaymath} lim n n k=1 1 k = π2 2 6, : 1.,,, \,,\quad \qquad 2. 3., ( ), \textrm{...} ( ) \begin{equation} \forall x \in \mathbf{r}: \qquad x^{2} \geq 0 \end{equation} x R : x 2 0 (3.2) \begin{equation} x^{2} \geq 0\qquad \textrm{for all }x\in\mathbf{r} \end{equation} x 2 0 for all x R (3.3)

55 : ( blackboard bold ),, amsfonts amssymb \mathbb \begin{displaymath} x^{2} \geq 0\qquad \textrm{for all }x\in\mathbb{r} \end{displaymath} x 2 0 for all x R 3.2,,,, :{...}. \begin{equation} a^x+y \neq a^{x+y} \end{equation} a x + y a x+y (3.4) 3.3, (Greek letters) \alpha \beta \gamma, \Gamma \Delta 2 $\lambda,\xi,\pi,\mu,\phi,\omega$ λ, ξ, π, µ, Φ, Ω ^ _ $a_{1}$ \qquad $x^{2}$ \qquad $e^{-\alpha t}$ \qquad $a^{3}_{ij}$\\ $e^{x^2} \neq {e^x}^2$ a 1 x 2 e αt a 3 ij e x2 e x2 (square root) \sqrt;n \sqrt[n] L A TEX, \surd $\sqrt{x}$ \qquad $\sqrt{ x^{2}+\sqrt{y} }$ \qquad $\sqrt[3]{2}$\\[3pt] $\surd[x^2 + y^2]$ x x2 + y [x 2 + y 2 ] 3 2 \overline \underline, 2 LATEX 2ε Alpha A,

56 40 $\overline{m+n}$ m + n \overbrace \underbrace $\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}_{26}$ a + b + + z } {{ } 26, (tilde), , \widehat \widetilde (prime) \begin{displaymath} y=x^{2}\qquad y =2x\qquad y =2 \end{displaymath} y = x 2 y = 2x y = 2 (arrow symbols), \vec \overrightarrow \overleftarrow A B \begin{displaymath} \vec a\quad\overrightarrow{ab} \end{displaymath} a AB ;, \cdot \begin{displaymath} v = {\sigma}_1 \cdot {\sigma}_2 {\tau}_1 \cdot {\tau}_2 \end{displaymath} v = σ 1 σ 2 τ 1 τ 2 log,, L A TEX : \arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sinh \sup \tan \tanh \min \Pr \sec \sin \[\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}=1\] sin x lim x 0 x = 1 (modulo function), :\bmod a mod b, \pmod x a (mod b)

57 $a\bmod b$\\ $x\equiv a \pmod{b}$ a mod b x a (mod b) (fraction) \frac{...}{...} 1/2,,, $1\frac{1}{2}$ hours \begin{displaymath} \frac{ x^{2} }{ k+1 }\qquad x^{ \frac{2}{k+1} }\qquad x^{ 1/2 } \end{displaymath} hours x 2 k + 1 x 2 k+1 x 1/2, amsmath \binom \begin{displaymath} \binom{n}{k}\qquad\mathrm{c}_n^k \end{displaymath} ( ) n k C k n, \stackrel, \begin{displaymath} \int f_n(x) \stackrel{!}{=} 1 \end{displaymath} f N (x)! = 1 (integral operator) \int, (sum operator) \sum, (product operator) \prod ^ _, 3 \begin{displaymath} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad \prod_\epsilon \end{displaymath} n i=1 π 2 0 ɛ,amsmath :\substack subarray : \begin{displaymath} \sum_{\substack{0<i<n \\ 1<j<m}} P(i,j) = \sum_{\begin{subarray}{l} i\in I\\ 1<j<m \end{subarray}} Q(i,j) \end{displaymath} 0<i<n 1<j<m P (i, j) = i I 1<j<m Q(i, j) 3 AMS-LATEX /

58 42 TEX (braces) (delimiters) ( :[ ) \{, ( :\updownarrow), \begin{displaymath} {a,b,c}\neq\{a,b,c\} \end{displaymath} a, b, c {a, b, c} \left \right,tex, \left \right,, \right.! \begin{displaymath} 1 + \left( \frac{1}{ 1-x^{2} } \right) ^3 \end{displaymath} ( ) x 2,, \big,\big,\bigg \Bigg, 4 $\Big( (x+1) (x-1) \Big) ^{2}$\\ $\big(\big(\bigg(\bigg($\quad $\big\}\big\}\bigg\}\bigg\}$ \quad $\big\ \Big\ \bigg\ \Bigg\ $ ( ) 2 (x + 1)(x 1) ( ((( } }}} (three dots) \ldots \cdots, \vdots,\ddots 3.5 \begin{displaymath} x_{1},\ldots,x_{n} \qquad x_{1}+\cdots+x_{n} \end{displaymath} x 1,..., x n x x n 3.4 TEX, :\, 3 18 quad ( ),\: quad ( ) \; 18 quad ( ) \, \quad ( ) \qquad ( ) \quad M \! 3 18 quad ( ) 4, 11pt 12pt, exscale amsmath

59 \newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}} \begin{displaymath} \int\!\!\!\int_{d} g(x,y) \, \ud x\, \ud y \end{displaymath} instead of \begin{displaymath} \int\int_{d} g(x,y)\ud x \ud y \end{displaymath} instead of g(x, y) dx dy D g(x, y)dxdy D d AMS-L A TEX, \iint, \iiint, \iiiint, \idotsint amsmath, : \newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}} \begin{displaymath} \iint_{d} \, \ud x \, \ud y \end{displaymath} D dx dy testmath.tex AMS-L A TEX ) The L A TEX Companion [3] 3.5, array tabular \\ \begin{displaymath} \mathbf{x} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\ x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{array} \right) \end{displaymath} X = x 11 x x 21 x array,. \right \begin{displaymath} y = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} a & \textrm{if $d>c$}\\ b+x & \textrm{in the morning}\\ l & \textrm{all day long} \end{array} \right. \end{displaymath} { a if d > c y = b + x in the morning l all day long tabular, array, :

60 44 \begin{displaymath} \left(\begin{array}{c c} 1 & 2 \\ \hline 3 & 4 \end{array}\right) \end{displaymath} ( ) (equation system), eqnarray eqnarray* equation eqnarray eqnarray* eqnarray eqnarray* {rcl} 3,,, \\ \begin{eqnarray} f(x) & = & \cos x \\ f (x) & = & -\sin x \\ \int_{0}^{x} f(y)dy & = & \sin x \end{eqnarray} x 0 f(x) = cos x (3.5) f (x) = sin x (3.6) f(y)dy = sin x (3.7), \setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}, {\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt} \begin{eqnarray} \sin x & = & x -\frac{x^{3}}{3!} +\frac{x^{5}}{5!}-{} \nonumber\\ && {}-\frac{x^{7}}{7!}+{}\cdots \end{eqnarray}} sin x = x x3 3! + x5 5! x7 7! + (3.8) \begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{ \cos x = 1 -\frac{x^{2}}{2!} +{} } \nonumber\\ & & {}+\frac{x^{4}}{4!} -\frac{x^{6}}{6!}+{}\cdots \end{eqnarray} cos x = 1 x2 2! + + x4 4! x6 6! + (3.9) \nonumber L A TEX ;amsmath ( align, flalign, gather, multline split )

61 (phantom ), L A TEX ^ _,L A TEX \phantom \begin{displaymath} {}^{12}_{\phantom{1}6}\textrm{C} \qquad \textrm{versus} \qquad {}^{12}_{6}\textrm{C} \end{displaymath} 12 6 C versus 12 6 C \begin{displaymath} \Gamma_{ij}^{\phantom{ij}k} \qquad \textrm{versus} \qquad \Gamma_{ij}^{k} \end{displaymath} Γ k ij versus Γ k ij 3.7,TEX,, \textrm, \textrm, \mathrm,\mathrm 5 \begin{equation} 2^{\textrm{nd}} \quad 2^{\mathrm{nd}} \end{equation} 2 nd 2 nd (3.10) L A TEX, : \displaystyle (123), \textstyle (123), \scriptstyle (123) and \scriptscriptstyle (123). \begin{displaymath} \frac{\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\overline x) (y_i-\overline y)} {\displaystyle\biggl[ \sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\overline x)^2 \sum_{i=1}^n(y_i-\overline y)^2 \biggr]^{1/2}} \end{displaymath} n (x i x)(y i y) i=1 [ n (x i x) 2 i=1 i=1 n ] 1/2 (y i y) 2 5 AMS-LATEX(amsmath) \textrm

62 46 \left[ \right] \biggl \biggr 3.8, \newtheorem{name}[counter]{text}[section] name text, counter name section, \newtheorem, \begin{name}[text] This is my interesting theorem \end{name} amsthm \newtheoremstyle{style},, :definition(, ),plain(, ) remark(, ),, \newtheorem \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{law}{law} \theoremstyle{plain} \newtheorem{jury}[law]{jury} \theoremstyle{remark} \newtheorem*{marg}{margaret} \begin{law} \label{law:box} Don t hide in the witness box \end{law} \begin{jury}[the Twelve] It could be you! So beware and see law \ref{law:box}\end{jury} \begin{marg}no, No, No\end{marg} Law 1. Don t hide in the witness box Jury 2 (The Twelve). It could be you! So beware and see law 1 Margaret. No, No, No Jury Law, Law

63 \flushleft \newtheorem{mur}{murphy}[section] \begin{mur} If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it.\end{mur} Murphy If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it. Murphy, (chapter) (subsection) amsthm proof \begin{proof} Trivial, use \[E=mc^2\] \end{proof} Proof. Trivial, use E = mc 2 \qedhere \begin{proof} Trivial, use \[E=mc^2 \qedhere\] \end{proof} Proof. Trivial, use E = mc L A TEX ;, \mathbf, ( ) \boldmath, \begin{displaymath} \mu, M \qquad \mathbf{m} \qquad \mbox{\boldmath $\mu, M$} \end{displaymath} µ, M M µ, M,, amsbsy ( amsmath ) tool bm, \boldsymbol \begin{displaymath} \mu, M \qquad \boldsymbol{\mu}, \boldsymbol{m} \end{displaymath} µ, M µ, M

64 amssymb AMS AMS, macros/ latex/required/amslatex info/symbols/comprehensive 3.1 â \hat{a} ǎ \check{a} ã \tilde{a} à \grave{a} ȧ \dot{a} ä \ddot{a} ā \bar{a} a \vec{a} Â \widehat{a} á \acute{a} ă \breve{a} Ã \widetilde{a} 3.2 α \alpha θ \theta o o υ \upsilon β \beta ϑ \vartheta π \pi φ \phi γ \gamma ι \iota ϖ \varpi ϕ \varphi δ \delta κ \kappa ρ \rho χ \chi ɛ \epsilon λ \lambda ϱ \varrho ψ \psi ε \varepsilon µ \mu σ \sigma ω \omega ζ \zeta ν \nu ς \varsigma η \eta ξ \xi τ \tau Γ \Gamma Λ \Lambda Σ \Sigma Ψ \Psi \Delta Ξ \Xi Υ \Upsilon Ω \Omega Θ \Theta Π \Pi Φ \Phi 6 David Carlisle symbols.tex, Josef Tkadlec

65 \not, < < > > = = \leq or \le \geq or \ge \equiv. \ll \gg = \doteq \prec \succ \sim \preceq \succeq \simeq \subset \supset \approx \subseteq \supseteq = \cong \sqsubset a \sqsupset a \Join a \sqsubseteq \sqsupseteq \bowtie \in \ni, \owns \propto \vdash \dashv = \models \mid \parallel \perp \smile \frown \asymp : : / \notin \neq or \ne a latexsym ± \pm \mp \triangleleft \cdot \div \triangleright \times \ \setminus \star \cup \cap \ast \sqcup \sqcap \circ \vee, \lor \wedge, \land \bullet \oplus \ominus \diamond \odot \oslash \uplus \otimes \bigcirc \amalg \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \dagger \lhd a \rhd a \ddagger \unlhd a \unrhd a \wr 3.5 \sum \bigcup \prod \bigcap \coprod \bigsqcup \int \oint \bigoplus \bigotimes \bigvee \bigwedge \biguplus \bigodot

66 \leftarrow or \gets \longleftarrow \rightarrow or \to \longrightarrow \leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \Leftarrow = \Longleftarrow \Rightarrow = \Longrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \mapsto \longmapsto \hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \leftharpoondown \rightharpoondown \rightleftharpoons \iff (bigger spaces) \uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow \leadsto a a latexsym 3.7 ( ( ) ) \uparrow [ [ or \lbrack ] ] or \rbrack \downarrow { \{ or \lbrace } \} or \rbrace \updownarrow \langle \rangle or \vert \lfloor \rfloor \lceil / / \ \backslash \Updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \ or \Vert \rceil 3.8 \lgroup \rgroup \arrowvert \Arrowvert \rmoustache \lmoustache \bracevert

67 \dots \cdots. \vdots... \ddots \hbar ı \imath ȷ \jmath l \ell R \Re I \Im ℵ \aleph \wp \forall \exists \mho a \partial \prime \emptyset \infty \nabla \triangle \Box a \Diamond a \bot \top \angle \surd \diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \neg or \lnot \flat \natural \sharp a latexsym 3.10 \dag \S \copyright \textregistered \ddag \P \pounds % \% 3.11 AMS \ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \lvert \rvert \lvert \rvert 3.12 AMS Ϝ \digamma κ \varkappa ℶ \beth ג \gimel ℸ \daleth

68 AMS \lessdot \gtrdot \doteqdot \leqslant \geqslant \risingdotseq \eqslantless \eqslantgtr \fallingdotseq \leqq \geqq \eqcirc \lll or \llless \ggg \circeq \lesssim \gtrsim \triangleq \lessapprox \gtrapprox \bumpeq \lessgtr \gtrless \Bumpeq \lesseqgtr \gtreqless \thicksim \lesseqqgtr \gtreqqless \thickapprox \preccurlyeq \succcurlyeq \approxeq \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \backsim \precsim \succsim \backsimeq \precapprox \succapprox \vdash \subseteqq \supseteqq \Vdash \shortparallel \Supset \Vvdash \blacktriangleleft \sqsupset \backepsilon \vartriangleright \because \varpropto \blacktriangleright \Subset \between \trianglerighteq \smallfrown \pitchfork \vartriangleleft \shortmid \smallsmile \trianglelefteq \therefore \sqsubset 3.14 AMS \dashleftarrow \dashrightarrow \leftleftarrows \rightrightarrows \leftrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Lleftarrow \Rrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow \leftarrowtail \rightarrowtail \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \Lsh \Rsh \looparrowleft \looparrowright \curvearrowleft \curvearrowright \circlearrowleft \circlearrowright \multimap \upuparrows \downdownarrows \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonright \rightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow

69 AMS \nless \ngtr \varsubsetneqq \lneq \gneq \varsupsetneqq \nleq \ngeq \nsubseteqq \nleqslant \ngeqslant \nsupseteqq \lneqq \gneqq \nmid \lvertneqq \gvertneqq \nparallel \nleqq \ngeqq \nshortmid \lnsim \gnsim \nshortparallel \lnapprox \gnapprox \nsim \nprec \nsucc \ncong \npreceq \nsucceq \nvdash \precneqq \succneqq \nvdash \precnsim \succnsim \nvdash \precnapprox \succnapprox \nvdash \subsetneq \supsetneq \ntriangleleft \varsubsetneq \varsupsetneq \ntriangleright \nsubseteq \nsupseteq \ntrianglelefteq \subsetneqq \supsetneqq \ntrianglerighteq \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow 3.16 AMS \dotplus \centerdot \ltimes \rtimes \divideontimes \doublecup \doublecap \smallsetminus \veebar \barwedge \doublebarwedge \boxplus \boxminus \circleddash \boxtimes \boxdot \circledcirc \intercal \circledast \rightthreetimes \curlyvee \curlywedge \leftthreetimes

70 AMS \hbar ħ \hslash k \Bbbk \square \blacksquare S \circleds \vartriangle \blacktriangle \complement \triangledown \blacktriangledown \Game \lozenge \blacklozenge \bigstar \angle \measuredangle \diagup \diagdown \backprime \nexists Ⅎ \Finv \varnothing ð \eth \sphericalangle \mho 3.18 ABCDEabcde1234 \mathrm{abcde abcde 1234} ABCDEabcde1234 \mathit{abcde abcde 1234} ABCDEabcde1234 \mathnormal{abcde abcde 1234} ABCDE \mathcal{abcde abcde 1234} A BC DE \mathscr{abcde abcde 1234} mathrsfs ABCDEabcde1234 \mathfrak{abcde abcde 1234} amsfonts or amssymb ABCDE \mathbb{abcde abcde 1234} amsfonts or amssymb

71 Chapter 4,L A TEX,, L A TEX L A TEX Manual [1] The L A TEX Companion [3] 4.1 EPS L A TEX figure table L A TEX L A TEX (graphics), 5, The L A TEX Companion [3] L A TEX Manual [1], 1, L A TEX, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), EPS, PostScript 2 D. P. Carlisle graphicx graphics 3 PostScript graphicx, : 1. EPS 4 2. graphicx \usepackage[driver]{graphicx} driver dvi postscript dvips TEX, driver 1 XFig CorelDraw! Freehand Gnuplot 2 PostScript GhostScript, support/ ghostscript Windows OS/2 GSview 3 macros/latex/required/graphics 4 EPS, PostScript ( Apple LaserWriter, EPS EPS EPS

72 driver,graphicx.dvi.eps 3. \includegraphics[key=value,... ]{file} file keys (values) keys graphicx width height angle scale : \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[angle=90, width=0.5\textwidth]{test} \caption{this is a test.} \end{figure} test.eps 90, 0.5, 1.0, , [9] [13] 4.2 thebibliography (bibliography) \bibitem[label]{marker} marker \cite{marker} label, \begin {thebibliography},{99} L A TEX 99

73 57 Partl [1] has proposed that... Partl \cite{pa} has proposed that \ldots \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{pa} H. Partl: \emph{german \TeX}, TUGboat Volume 9, Issue 1 (1988) \end{thebibliography} Bibliography [1] H. Partl: German TEX, TUGboat Volume 9, Issue 1 (1988), BibTEX BibTEX TEX, BibTEX, 4.3 (index) L A TEX makeindex 5,, The L A TEX Companion [3] L A TEX, makeidx : \usepackage{makeidx} \makeindex \index{key}, key 4.2 key L A TEX, \index L A TEX, 5 8, makeidx

74 \index{hello} hello, 1 \index{hello!peter} Peter, 3 hello \index{sam@\textsl{sam}} Sam, 2 \index{lin@\textbf{lin}} Lin, 7 \index{jenny textbf} Jenny, 3 \index{joe textit} Joe, 5 \index{ecole@\ ecole} école, 4 (.idx).idx makeindex makeindex filename makeindex,.ind L A TEX, \printindex L A TEX 2ε showidx \index, My Word \index{word}. As opposed to Word\index{Word}. Note the position of the full stop. My Word. As opposed to Word. Note the position of the full stop. 4.4 Piet van Oostrum fancyhdr 6,, L A TEX, \rightmark section, \leftmark chapter chapter section,\chapter \rightmark \leftmark, \chaptermark \sectionmark \subsectionmark \rightmark \leftmark, \chaptermark, 4.1 fancyhdr fancyhdr 6 macros/latex/contrib/supported/fancyhdr

75 4.5 Verbatim 59 \documentclass{book} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} with this we ensure that the chapter and section headings are in lowercase. \renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{% \markboth{#1}{}} \renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{% \markright{\thesection\ #1}} \fancyhf{} % delete current header and footer \fancyhead[le,ro]{\bfseries\thepage} \fancyhead[lo]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyhead[re]{\bfseries\leftmark} \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt} \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} \addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % space for the rule \fancypagestyle{plain}{% \fancyhead{} % get rid of headers on plain pages \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % and the line } 4.1 fancyhdr 4.5 Verbatim verbatim, verbatim verbatim verbatim, verbatim, verbatim, verbatim \verbatiminput{filename}, ASCII, verbatim verbatim tools,, [10] 4.6 L A TEX, CTAN ( geometry,hyphenat, :.ins,.dtx, readme.txt,, (a) TEX,(b) :

76 60 1..ins L A TEX.sty 2..sty L A TEX... /localtexmf/ tex/latex (Windows OS/2 ) 3. L A TEX :tetex, fptex texhash; web2c maktexlsr; MikTeX initexmf - updatefndb.dtx : 1..dtx L A TEX.dvi L A TEX 2. L A TEX.idx, 5 3., : makeindex -s gind.ist name ( name ) 4..dtx L A TEX 5.,.ps.pdf.glo (glossary) 4 5 : makeindex -s gglo.ist -o name.gls name.glo 5.dtx L A TEX 4.7 pdfl A TEX By Daniel Flipo <Daniel.Flipo@univ-lille1.fr> PDF (hypertext),,, L A TEX \ref \pageref, HTML, : 1. HTML,, 2. HTML, L A TEX L A TEX HTML, L A TEX, L A TEX,, PDF(

77 4.7 pdfl A TEX 61 ), PDF DVI PS, Acrobat Reader Xpdf PDF PDF PDF Hàn Th ê Thành pdftex, L A TEX PDF TeX DVI pdftex PDF pdfl A TEX LaTeX PDF TEX pdftex pdfl A TEX, : tetex,fptex,miktex,texlive CMacTEX PDF DVI latex file.tex pdflatex file.tex L A TEX, TEX L A TEX, documentclass, :a4paper letterpaper pdfl A TEX, pdftex PDF hyperref ( 63 ),, : \pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth \pdfpageheight=\paperheight L A TEX pdfl A TEX :, pdfl A TEX (PK TrueType PostScript type 1 L A TEX,PK Acrobat Reader, PostScript Type 1 TEX,,, PostScript Type 1 Computer Modern AMSFonts Blue Sky Research Y&Y, Inc., (AMS) 1997, TEX, L A TEX, EC LH CB ( OT1 21 ) Vladimir Volovich cm-super, EC/TC EC Concrete EC Bright LH CTAN:/ fonts/ps-type1/cm-super, TEXLive7 MikTEX Apostolos Syropoulos type 1 CB CTAN:/tex-archive/ fonts/greek/cb, Blue Sky/Y&Y Type 1 CM L A TEX, Blue Sky/Y&Y type 1 CM, EC/LH/CB, aeguill, Almost European Computer Modern with Guillemets \usepackage{aeguill}, AE EC

78 62 mltex, pdftex mltex AE, MlTEX, CM EC, TEX 256 type 1 cm T1, AE Acrobat Reader, PDF, C1, ftp:// ftp.vsu.ru/pub/tex/font-packs/c1fonts Bluesky CM type 1 Paradissa BaKoMa CMCYR type 1, CTAN Paradissa,C1 PostScript type 1, Acrobat Reader,, CM, CM, Times Helvetica Courier ( Acrobat ), :pxfonts, Palatino; Times txfonts : \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{pxfonts} :,.log : Warning: pdftex (file eurmo10): Font eur... not found, PDF, type 1 CM EC Latin Modern (LM) TEX,, \usepackage{lmodern} \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} PDF graphicx ( 55 ), pdftex driver, pdfl A TEX: \usepackage[pdftex]{color,graphicx}, color, Encapsulated PostScript PdfL A TEX \includegraphics

79 4.7 pdfl A TEX 63, graphicx driver pdftex,.png,.pdf,.jpg.mps (MetaPost),.eps epstopdf EPS PDF ( ),, ( ),, PDF PNG JPEG PNG JPEG,,, MetaPost, TEX, hyperref,, \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref} hyperref : \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref} pdftex ; \hypersetup{options} pdftex, hyperref 7 upright bookmarks (=true,false) unicode (=false,true) Acrobat pdftoolbar (=true,false) Acrobat pdfmenubar (=true,false) Acrobat pdffitwindow (=true,false) PDF pdftitle (={text}) Acrobat (Document Info) pdfauthor (={text}) PDF pdfnewwindow (=true,false), colorlinks (=false,true) (false) (true) ( ) linkcolor (=red) (sections, pages, etc.), citecolor (=green) (bibliography) filecolor (=magenta) 7 hyperref pdftex PDF LATEX DVI dvips PS, Adobe Distiller PS PDF

80 64 urlcolor (=cyan) URL (mail, web), \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref} (=true ): \usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks]{hyperref} PDF,,, : \usepackage{hyperref} \hypersetup{colorlinks=false} : \usepackage{hyperref} \hypersetup{colorlinks,% citecolor=black,% filecolor=black,% linkcolor=black,% urlcolor=black,% pdftex} PDF (Document Info): \usepackage[pdfauthor={pierre Desproges},% pdftitle={des femmes qui tombent},% pdftex]{hyperref}, : \href{url}{text} The \href{ website. CTAN ; CTAN CTAN URL,, \href : The complete document is \href{manual.pdf}{here} The complete document is here here manual.pdf ( ), \author \href: \author{mary Oetiker $<$\href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}% {mary@oetiker.ch}$>$ \href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}{mary Oetiker} Acrobat,,