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3 % 00 Hashid Bakil Himiar Madhhij 1 Hamdan Sanhan Hamdan Sana Bani Suraym Kharif Sanhan Arhab Sufyan Nihm Bani Nawf Amir Abidah Murad Paul Dresch Tribes Government and History in Yemen Clarendon Press 1989 p Paul Dresch Tribes Government and History in Yemen p. 4.

4 Udnar Paul Dresch Tribes Government and History in Yemen p. 13. Daniel Egel Tribal Diversity Political Patronage and the Yemeni Decentralization Experiment University of California Berkeley January p. 6. B. R. Pridham Contemporary Yemen Politics and Historical Background British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 1984 p. 156.

5 Sheila Carapico Civil Society in Yemen the Political Economy of Activism in Modern Arabia Cambridge University Press 1998 p. 64. James Mccune Arabian Peninsula Research Analyst FCO Tribes and Tribalism in Yemen-workshop report_ FCO and Stabilisation Unit June p. 4. Shelagh Weir A Tribal Order Politics and Law in the Mountains of Yemen University of Texas Press 007 p Shelagh Weir A Tribal Order Politics and Law in the Mountains of Yemen p. 149.

6 Nadwa Al-Dawsari Tribal Governance and Stability in Yemen in Carnegie Endowment for International Peace April 4 01 p. 6.

7 Shelagh Weir A Tribal Order Politics and Law in the Mountains of Yemen p. 143.

8 Yehya Malib 1 Nadwa Al-Dawsari Tribal Governance and Stability in Yemen p. 5. Nadwa Al-Dawsari Tribal Governance and Stability in Yemen p. 5.

9 Elhamm Manea Yemen the Tribe and the State the International Colloquium on Islam and Social Change at the University of Lausanne on October p..

10 ~ Elhamm Manea Yemen the Tribe and the State p. 3. Elhamm Manea Yemen the Tribe and the State p. 4.

11 Himiar Madhhij 1839 Hinterland 1 Elhamm Manea Yemen the Tribe and the State p. 4. Elhamm Manea Yemen the Tribe and the State p. 5.

12 Sultan Emir Emirate 70% 80% Hadramawt Elhamm Manea Yemen the tribe and the State p. 5.

13 Patronage ghost ~ Khaled Fattah Tribes and tribalism in the Arab Spring _ Yemen Times http //www. yementimes. com /en /1567 /variety /760 /Tribes - and - tribalism - in - the - Arab - Spring. htm Published on 6 April 01 p. 3. Daniel Egel Tribal Diversity Political Patronage and the Yemeni Decentralization Experiment University of California Berkeley January p. 8.

14 SabaFon ~ ~ Alexandra Lewis Security Clans and Tribes Unstable Governance in Somaliland Yemen and the Gulf Palgrave Macmillan 015 p. 3.

15 151 Sadeq Nagi 1 JMP Islah YSP Al Ahmar Mohsen Al Ahmar Abdallah Qahdi AQAP 1988 Bin Ladin Alliance of Yemeni Tribes-Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia https //en. wikipedia. org /wiki / Alliance_ of_ Yemeni_ Tribes. Alexandra Lewis Security Clans and Tribes Unstable Governance in Somaliland Yemen and the Gulf p. 81.

16 Hadramaut 1 56% 37%

17 Rodger Shanahan Sarah Phillips Al-Qa'ida tribes and instability in Yemen in A Lowy Institute Analysis November 009 p. 3.

18 Abeeda al-raymi Abeeda 1 Alexandra Lewis Security Clans and Tribes Unstable Governance in Somaliland Yemen and the Gulf p. 75.

19 Sada al-malahim 1 3 Christopher Boucek Marina Ottaway edit Yemen on the Brink Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 010 p. 80. James Mccune Arabian Peninsula Research Analyst FCO Tribes and Tribalism in Yemen - workshop report_ FCO and Stabilisation Unit 18 June 01 p

20 Christopher Boucek Marina Ottaway edit Yemen on the Brink Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 010 p. 81. Christopher Boucek Marina Ottaway edit Yemen on the Brink p. 78.

21 157 Malib al-jawf Shabwa al-wahayshi 1 Christopher Boucek Marina Ottaway edit Yemen on the Brink pp Christopher Boucek Marina Ottaway edit Yemen on the Brink pp

23 fact low economic development is the main factor that caused the unstable regime in not just Yemen but also other Middle-eastern countries. The civil war in Yemen brought disaster to the 0 million populations and innumerous loss of properties. Peace talk seems to be the only way to save them from the crisis. Keywords Yemen Crisis Zaidism the Houthi Militia Saleh Hadi Saudi Understanding Yemen's History and Politics in the Perspective of Tribe Pu Yao Tang Binjun Abstract From difficult unity history to continual crises today Yemen's political transformation was really hard. It was caused by different factors such as e- conomic political and cultural. Based on the facts of tribal politics in Yemen and in order to provide a new perspective to research state issues in Yemen this essay focuses on tribal factors in Yemen's history and politics. Compared with other states in the Middle East Yemen has some common features about tribal culture. Tribes were social organizations before the states. They functioned not only on social production but also on politics. However Yemen has some new features for its u- nique national conditions and political history. Firstly Yemeni tribes are used to settling down and working on the farm. Secondly as the direct manifestation of tribal tradition tribal law is interdependent with nation 's formal law. Thirdly Yemen's northern tribes and southern tribes had different tracks for each history causing different relations and interactions with the state. Finally Yemen's contemporary terrorism issues has been increasingly fierce and tribal factors among it should be concerned. Keywords Yemen's Tribes Tribal Customary Tribe and the State AQAP

Fancis M. Deng War of Visions Conflict of Identities in the Sudan The Brookings Institution p. 422.

* 20 70068 20 7 9 6 7 000 900 5 65 93 956 55 * YJC770059 0&ZD5 67 202 2 4 7 60 2005 6 2 68 Fancis M. Deng War of Visions Conflict of Identities in the Sudan The Brookings Institution p. 422. 70 2 3 820