Microsoft Word - 企第09章主題1_9-01~12_.doc

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1 9 6 個體經濟學經典題型解析使廠商面對的市場需求會減少, 導致產量減少且價格降低當廠商做廣告會使市場需求量增加一倍時, 市場需求函數變成 : P = Q Max π = ( QQ ) ( Q) π F.O.C: = 0 π S.O.C: = 0. < Q = 0 * * Q = 300, P = 50 π = ( ) = 500 Max π = ( QQ ) ( Q) π F.O.C: = 0 π S.O.C: = 0. < Q = 40 * * Q = 00, P = 60 π = ( ) = 700 試分別畫圖分析壟斷性競爭結構下 (monopolistic competition), 個別廠商的短期與長期均衡 98 中山企管短期均衡 : 短期間在廠商數目固定下, 廠商將按其所分配到的市場需求來進行利潤極大之決策, 而短期均衡時, 滿足如下之條件 : MR = MC MR < MC 繼續生產條件 :P AVC 如右圖所示在達到短期均衡時, 廠商將生產 q 0, 訂價為 P 0, 且此時 π = [P 0 SAC(q 0 )] q 0 > 0 長期均衡 : 在獨占性競爭市場下, 廠商長期均衡條件為 : MR = LMC = SMC, 而且 MR 與 LMC 之交點對應著 D 線與 LAC 相切之點 MR < LMC P P 0 SAC( q0 ) 0 q 0 SMC MR 0 SAC AR 0 q

2 第九章主題一獨占性競爭市場理論 9 7 P = LAC 右圖表示, 在長期間, 隨著廠商數目的自由進出, 使市場需求曲線隨之移動, 直到市場需求線與 LAC 相切且對應 MR = MC 時, 此時 π = 0, 廠商數目不再變動, 而保證達到長期均衡境界 P P * 0 A q * SMC SAC MR LMC LAC D = AR q In the short run, a firm in a monopolistic competition will produce a level of output where its marginal revenue equals marginal cost and will set its price according to the demand for that output level. 95 中央企管 ; 獨占性競爭廠商的短期均衡為利用 MR= MC 決定最適產量, 再依據其所面對的比例市場需求線來訂定價格 If the firms in a monopolistically competitive industry are incurring shortrun losses, which of the following will occur in the long run? Some firms will leave the industry. Customers of firms that leave the industry will switch to remaining firms. Firms that remain in the industry will face increased demand. Firms will continue to incur losses., and. 87 政大科管 84 成大國企獨占性競爭廠商在短期面臨損失下, 長期間必有廠商離開, 使市場消費者轉向既存廠商購買, 導致既存廠商面對的市場需求增加, 直到每家廠商 π = 0 時, 重獲市場均衡題型 1-3 短期與長期均衡之重要性質重點指引獨占性競爭市場之長期均衡的性質 : π = 0 自由進出產生超額能量定理 (excess capacity theorem)

3 9 8 個體經濟學經典題型解析缺乏經濟效率 : P > min LAC 不具生產效率 P > LMC 不具配置效率帶來多樣化消費利益 In long-run equilibrium monopolistic competition results in: P = MR and AC = MC. P > MR and AC < MC. P > AC and MR > MC. P > AC and MR = MC. P = AC and MR = MC. 獨占性競爭市場的長期均衡的發生在 MR 每家廠商的產品存在異質性每家廠商均為市場價格的接受者 = MC 且 P = LAC 之處 100 台大國企長期經濟利潤為 0 若長期平均成本曲線為 U 型, 則長期均衡會在長期平均成本曲線最低點就經濟效率而言, 每家廠商的產量並未達到最適產能上列何者滿足獨占性競爭的描述? 90 輔大管理獨占性競爭廠商在產品異質性之特性下具有訂價能力 (price making), 在 LAC 為 U 型下, 長期均衡時廠商會生產在 LAC 遞減階段, 絕不會生產在 LAC 最低點處 Which of the following statements is false ( 不正確的 )? Monopolistic competition is a form of imperfect competition where many competing producers sell products that are differentiated from one another. Textbook examples of industries with market structures similar to monopolistic competition include restaurant and cosmetics. In monopolistic competition, firms can use market power to generate profit in the short-run and long-run. In the long run the demand curve

4 第九章主題一獨占性競爭市場理論 9 9 of a monopolistic competition firm will be tangent to the long run average cost curve at a point to the left of its minimum. The founding father of the theory of monopolistic competition was Edward Chambelin; Joan Robinson also receives credit as an early pioneer on the concept 台大國發獨占性競爭市場的長期均衡利潤必為零 Which of the follow statements is incorrect? If an income-consumption curve (ICC) is negatively-sloped, then the two goods of concern are both normal goods. Monopolistically-competitive firms enjoy no economic profit in the long run. In the long run, monopolistically-competitive firms will produce less than the amount that would minimize long-run average cost. In the long run, monopolistically-competitive firms will produce at the quantity where average revenue is equal to average cost. 93 中正企管當 ICC 為負斜率時, 表示二種商品中其中必有一種商品為劣等財皆為獨占性競爭市場的長期均衡特皆如果長期處於獨占性競爭 (monopolistic competition), 則公司的廣告費用將無法獲得正的經濟利潤 (positive economic profit) 95 暨南國企是 ; 當廠商利用廣告來進行異質性的競爭時, 短期間縱有超期利潤, 長期間透過自由進出的競爭, 將使經濟利潤等於零題型 1-4 超額能量定理名詞釋義 excess capacity theorem: 在長期均衡 π = 0 下, 獨占性競爭廠商並未選擇一個最理想生產規模 ( K c ) 來進行生產, 導致資本設備未達充分運用, 而有閒置浪費之現象亦即在完全競爭市場下, 廠商的產量必會

5 9 10 個體經濟學經典題型解析在 LAC 最低點生產, 但是在獨占性競爭市場下, 廠商的產量卻小於 LAC 最低點的產量, 此即表示廠商的機器設備未完全發揮效率, 稱為超額能量獨占性競爭市場中, 典型廠商不可能生產在長期平均成本達到最低點之產量 97 政大企管 ; 由於獨占性競爭廠商具有訂價能力, 面對一條負斜率的需求曲線, 因此長期均衡滿足 P = LAC 使 π = 0 時, 廠商必生產在 LAC 遞減階段, 絕不可能生產在 LAC 最低點 Suppose for some firm that average total cost is minimized at Q1 units of output. For a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium, Q 1 is also the level of output at which marginal cost equals average total cost. exceeds the level of output at which there is a point of tangency between the demand curve and the average total cost curve. exceeds the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost. All of the above are correct. 98 高應大商經 ; P P * LMC LAC 0 Q * Q 1 P = AR Q MR In long-run equilibrium, for a monopolistically competitive firm, its marginal cost must equal its marginal revenue at the minimum point of the long-run, average cost curve. 84 中央資管 ;

6 第九章主題一獨占性競爭市場理論 9 11 長期均衡必生產在 MR = LMC 對應 P = LAC 之產量, 此產量將位於 LAC 遞減階段而非 LAC 最低點處下列關於獨占性競爭廠商的敘述何者正確? 其短期供其線其為短期其其成本線在平均其其成本最低點其上的其分若若若 MC = MR 所訂出來的價格其價格彈性大於 1, 則採用降價策略 ( 其薄利多銷 ) 可其獲取更大的利潤有可能將其價格訂在有有彈性有對值小於 1 的範圍內在均衡在在有在在產能 ( excess capacity) 93 中央企管供供曲線不存在 MR = MC 達到利潤最大境界時, 即不可能再透過降價策略來提高利潤水準當獨占性競爭廠商在 MR = MC 達到最適決策時, 其價格必不可能訂在 d E < 1 之處 MR = MC 0 1 P 1 0 d E d E 1 題型 1-5 完全競爭與獨占性競爭市場之比較 The long-run equilibrium price level in monopolistic competition is usually higher than that in perfect competitive markets. It is mainly due to product differentiation. smaller number of producers. smaller market size. interaction between competitors. 97 中興電務 89 成大企管獨占性競爭市場之長期均衡價格較完全競爭市場為高, 主要是由於產品差異性導致獨占性競爭廠商具有訂價能力所導致 Which one of the following statements is TRUE for BOTH perfect

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第十七章本章欲探討底下問題 : 獨佔性競爭何謂獨佔性競爭? 其與完全競爭及獨佔的關係為何? 獨佔性競爭的均衡獨佔性競爭與社會福利廣告獨佔性競爭 Monopolistic competition: 一種出售類似產品廠商數目眾多的市場結構, 其中