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1 The Performance of Swine Breeding Herds in Malaysia during 2012 Dr. Paiboon Sungnak, DVM InterCons 3P Co., LTD., Thailand Since 2009 swine consulting veterinarians from Thailand, aggregated under the name of InterCons 3P, in collaboration with PeterLabs has introduced a new computerized recording system known as PigLIVE, to pig producers in Malaysia. The System was constructed by Prof. Dr. Preeyaphan Udomprasert from Kasetsart University in Thailand and has been used as a standard record keeping system for majority of Thai producers for years. Once data recording is completed, PigLIVE will not only demonstrate actual performance to Malaysian producers but also allow them to effectively dispatch factors limiting farm productivity. Nowadays more than 50 medium to large farms in Malaysia are using PigLIVE for their production controls. The aim of this report is to compare production figures of pig farms in Malaysia with those of average pig farms in Thailand so that the opportunity for improvement can be realized (Table 1). Malaysian figures were 12 month-rolling averages summarized from 24 units (780 sows/unit on average and 18,721 sows in total). 1

2 Table 1. Production figure of swine breeding herd in Malaysia during 2012 compared to 2011 Breeding Performance Unit Average 2011 Average 2012 Top 5 Farms 2012 Top 5 Farms 2011 Thailand Breeding Performance Repeat Service % <10 Weaning-1st Service Interval Days <6 Sows Bred by 7 Days % >95 Avg. Parity of Farrowed Sows Parity Average Pigs / Litter Pigs >12.5 Average Pigs Born Alive / Litter Pigs >11.5 Still Born Pigs % <5.5 Mummies % <1.5 Farrowing Rate % >87 Litters / Mated Female / Year Litters >2.35 Avg. Pigs Weaned / Litter Pigs >10.5 Pre-Weaning Mortality % <8 Avg. Weaning Weight Kg 7.24 NA NA 8.22 >7.5 Avg. Lactating Length Days Pig Weaned/Mated Female/Year Pigs >25 Average Parity Parity Replacement % Culling Rate % Avg. Parity Of Culled Sows Parity >5.5 Sow Death % <5 Top 5 farm production figure highlights 2

These report showed that the number of Pig Weaned/Sow/Year (PW/S/Y) has improved from 21.2 to 21.6 (increases 0.4 pigs/sow/year, 2%) in 2011 and 2012 respectively.

3 These report showed that the number of Pig Weaned/Sow/Year (PW/S/Y) has improved from 21.2 to 21.6 (increases 0.4 pigs/sow/year, 2%) in 2011 and 2012 respectively. In addition, they are potential pig producers who can produce 25 pigs weaned/sow/year Litter/Sow/Year (LSY) has improved from 2.32 to 2.34 in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Therefore, LSY 2.40 is the new target for Number of Weaned Pigs/Litter (WP/L) needs to be improved, from 9.98 weaned pigs/litter (in 2012) to weaned pigs/litter in 2013 Management guidelines Breeding group size (BGS) must be calculated properly upon sow level and number of farrowing crates. Ensure that replacement gilts will be managed properly i.e. Estrous cycle recording, vaccination program, medication program, acclimatization, flushing and boar exposure. Ensure that mating procedure was performed well according to the mating guidelines that were published in 2 nd and 3 rd issues in 2012 PeterLabs bulletin all the time. Ensure that diluted semen is high fertility, i.e. high progressive motility sperm, less clumping sperm. Gestating sow always stay under cool condition until farrowing. Treating illness sows during pregnancy period is recommended. Maximize lactation feed intake is strongly recommended for better farrowing rate and subsequent litter size. For more information, please contact with PeterLabs. 3

4 The best feeding schedule with Nuklospray Yoghurt What is the best feeding schedule for piglets in the farrowing pen? The genetic progress results in a higher number of live-born piglets, which will further increase in the coming years. Therefore it is inevitable to feed an additional milk product. But what would be the right application? Sloten conducted research into the application of Nuklospray Yoghurt and which feeding schedule delivers the best results. Feeding all piglets Nuklospray Yoghurt is not only for small piglets, but for all piglets in the pen and can be supplied as of day 1, next to sow s milk. At the sow farm of the Wassink family in Markelo, the Netherlands, Sloten conducted a trial to examine the effect of feeding Nuklospray Yoghurt to all litters versus problem litters only. In this research the problem litters were left out of consideration. The good litters were divided up proportionally into two groups. Group A (red) was fed with Nuklospray Yoghurt for 14 days, followed by a prestarter. Group B (blue) was only fed with a prestarter. Results of this trial show that all piglets benefit from Nuklospray Yoghurt. The product and application to all piglets ensure better growth before and after weaning (figure 1), leading to better uniformity of the piglets. Figure 1. All piglets benefit from Nuklospray Yoghurt Trial results of the good litters 4

5 Two weeks, as of day 1 Another trial was conducted at sow farm Bredek in Emmer Compascuum, the Netherlands, where feeding for a longer period was the focal point. Also this time the animal performances of two similar groups were compared. Piglets in Group A were fed with Nuklospray Yoghurt for 1 week, right after birth. Group B was fed with Nuklospray Yoghurt for 2 weeks. After Nuklospray Yoghurt, both groups received a porridge product. Piglets fed with Nuklospray Yoghurt for two weeks clearly performed better (table 1). Nuklospray Yoghurt 1 week 2 week Difference Weaning weight Kg/piglet weeks after weaning Kg/piglet Feed intake pre-weaning Table 1. Feeding for two weeks results in higher growth Trial results of feeding Nuklospray Yoghurt for 1 week vs 2 weeks Nuklospray Yoghurt gr/piglet Prestarter gr/piglet Total gr/piglet Feed intake 14 days after weaning Total feed intake Kg/piglet Figure 2. Feeding for 2 weeks leads to more uniform piglets at weaning Feeding Nuklospray Yoghurt for 1 week longer results in more uniform litters and less laggards, as the red line indicates 5

6 Start immediately The yoghurt can be prepared with a whisk of milk mixer (as used for calves); use a sprinkler can to pour the yoghurt into a feeding bowl twice a day to gain good insight into the piglets and their feed intake. Advantages of Nuklospray Yoghurt higher dry matter intake from day 1 more weaned piglets per litter higher growth before and after weaning higher profit per sow Conclusion: a good start makes the difference! The headstart that is built up by the young piglets already from a young age onwards, will extend to the slaughterhouse. Feeding Nuklospray Yoghurt to all piglets, for a period of 14 days has proven to be the start of the best feeding schedule. The new way of piglet feeding 6

www.peterlabs.com.my 2012 年马来西亚种猪性能 Dr. Paiboon Sungnak 兽医, InterCons 3P Co., LTD.

7 年马来西亚种猪性能 Dr. Paiboon Sungnak 兽医, InterCons 3P Co., LTD. 泰国自 2009 年以来, 泰国的养猪咨询兽医, 成立了 InterCons 3P 并与 PeterLabs 合作, 为马来西亚的养猪户推出了新的电脑化记录系统, 简称为 PigLIVE 该系统经由泰国 Kasetsart 大学的 Preeyaphan Udomprasert 教授建造, 并已在多年以来被大部分的泰国养猪户普遍地使用为一个标准的纪录保存系统当数据记录完成后, PigLIVE 不仅将实际的表现呈现于马来西亚的生产者, 也使他们能够有效地为控制生产力的因素作出适当的调整目前, 在马来西亚, 超过 50 家, 中大型的农场使用 PigLIVE 以控制生产力本报告的目的在于比较马来西亚与泰国的养猪场的生产值, 以了解和实现改善的机会 ( 表一 ) 马来西亚的数值分别为 24 个农场 12 个月内的平均值 ( 平均 780 头母猪 / 农场, 总共 18,721 头母猪 ) 7

8 表一与 2011 年相比,2012 年马来西亚种猪生产数值生产性能单位平均 2011 平均前 5 名农场 2011 前 5 名农场泰国生产性能重发情 % <10 离乳至第一次发情的间距日 <6 在 7 天内配种的母猪 % >95 分娩母猪之平均胎数胎平均仔猪 / 胎只 >12.5 平均活仔猪 / 胎只 >11.5 死胎 % <5.5 黑胎 % <1.5 分娩率 % >87 胎数 / 配种母猪 / 年胎 >2.35 平均离乳仔猪 / 胎只 >10.5 离乳前死亡率 % <8 平均离乳体重公斤 7.24 NA NA 8.22 >7.5 平均哺乳期日离乳头数 / 配种母猪 / 年只 >25 平均胎数胎替换率 % 淘汰率 % 平均淘汰母猪之胎数胎 >5.5 母猪死亡率 % <5 前 5 名农场之数值 8

9 报告显示离乳头数 / 母猪 / 年 (PW/S/Y) 从 2011 年的 21.2 头提高至 2012 年的 21.6 头 ( 增加 0.4 头 / 母猪 / 年,2%) 胎数 / 母猪 / 年 (LSY) 从 2011 年的 2.32 胎提高至 2012 年的 2.34 胎因此,2013 年的新目标是 LSY 2.40 胎离乳仔猪头数 / 胎 (WP/L) 需要改善, 从 9.98 头离乳仔猪 (2012 年 ) 增加至头离乳仔猪 (2013 年 ) 管理方针育种猪群的数量 (BGS) 必须配合母猪每个月的分娩头数和分娩栏数精准地计算确保后备女猪的管理恰当, 如记录发情周期疫苗接种程序用药程序适应期催卵期和公猪的接触确保配种程序正确, 配种程序方针可参考 PeterLabs 2012 年第 2 和第 3 期期刊确保稀释后的精液有高生育率, 即精子活力高, 凝集成群的精子少怀孕母猪置放淤阴凉处, 直到分娩建议治疗怀孕中的生病母猪强烈推荐提高哺乳期间母猪的摄食量以提高分娩率和随后的产仔数欲了解更多的信息, 请联系 PeterLabs 9

10 以优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 作最佳的喂饲模式对于分娩栏的小猪, 什么喂饲模式为之最好呢? 基因遗传技术的进步促成了更高的仔猪存活率, 而这种趋势在未来几年还会持续地增加因此, 喂饲附加的奶制品是必须的可是, 要怎么应用才是适当的呢? Sloten 为优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 的应用进行了相关的研究, 进而拟定了一套最佳的喂饲方式, 以达到最佳的成绩喂饲所有的仔猪优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 不只是专为初生小猪而设, 而是从第一天开始, 除了母乳之外, 适用于喂饲分娩栏内的所有仔猪在荷兰 Markelo 的 Wassink 农场的母猪舍里,Sloten 进行了一项实验, 主要是针对优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 对于普通仔猪和问题仔猪之影响在这项研究里, 问题仔猪组不在探讨范围内其他的仔猪平均分为两组 :A 组 ( 红 ) 和 B 组 ( 蓝 ) A 组 ( 红 ) 的仔猪喂饲优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 为期 14 天, 然后喂饲乳猪料 ;B 组 ( 蓝 ) 只是喂饲乳猪料这项研究结果显示优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 对所有的仔猪有显著的成效这产品确保离乳前和离乳后的仔猪有较佳的生长性能以及较平均的体型 ( 图一 ) 图一所有仔猪皆能从优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 受惠良好仔猪的实验结果 10

从第一天开始维持两星期另外一项实验在荷兰 Emmer Compascumm 的 Bredek 母猪舍进行不过, 这次实验的焦点着重于更长的喂饲时间以及比较两组相近猪只的生长性能 A 组仔猪是打从一出生开始就喂饲优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 长达一周 B 组的仔猪则是喂饲两周的优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 过后, 这两组仔猪同时喂饲粥食类产品

11 从第一天开始维持两星期另外一项实验在荷兰 Emmer Compascumm 的 Bredek 母猪舍进行不过, 这次实验的焦点着重于更长的喂饲时间以及比较两组相近猪只的生长性能 A 组仔猪是打从一出生开始就喂饲优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 长达一周 B 组的仔猪则是喂饲两周的优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 过后, 这两组仔猪同时喂饲粥食类产品喂饲两周优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 的仔猪很明显的生长成绩较好 ( 表一 ) 优乳能优格 (Nuklospray yoghurt) 一周两周差异离乳体重公斤 / 头离乳两周后体重公斤 / 头离乳前的摄食量优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 公克 / 头乳猪公克 / 头共计公克 / 头离乳后 14 天的摄食量表一 : 喂饲两周的生长较好喂饲优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 一周或两周的实验成果摄食量总计公斤 / 头表二喂饲两周带来体型更均匀的离乳仔猪喂饲多一周的优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 造就体型更均匀的仔猪, 同时也减少弱小的仔猪 ( 可以从红线看得出来 ) 11

第一天起就摄取更高的干物质每窝有更多的离乳仔猪离乳前和离乳后得到更好的生长每头母猪取得更高的回筹搅拌喂饲生长结论 : 好的开始成就不一样的结果!

12 立即开始行动优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 的准备过程简单 : 就如为小牛准备牛奶一般, 利用搅拌器把优格 (Yoghurt) 和水混合, 然后利用浇水器把优格 (Yoghurt) 倒入喂饲盘中, 每天两次就可以观察仔猪的摄食过程和所带来的益处优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 的益处第一天起就摄取更高的干物质每窝有更多的离乳仔猪离乳前和离乳后得到更好的生长每头母猪取得更高的回筹搅拌喂饲生长结论 : 好的开始成就不一样的结果! 小猪一开始就领先的生长速率会一直延续到屠宰场喂饲所有仔猪 14 天的优乳能优格 (Nuklospray Yoghurt) 已被证实为最佳的喂食模式全新的仔猪喂饲方式 12

电话随访对初产妇产褥期母乳喂养行为及意向的影响 The effect of telephone follow-up on breastfeeding behaviors and intentions of new mothers during the po

电话随访对初产妇产褥期母乳喂养行为及意向的影响 The effect of telephone follow-up on breastfeeding behaviors and intentions of new mothers during the po ( 医学部 ) 在职人员申请硕士学位论文论文题目 : 电话随访对初产妇产褥期母乳喂养行为及意向的影响学院 ( 医院所 ): 北京大学护理学院学科专业 : 护理学申请人姓名 : 导师姓名职称 : 陆虹副教授完成时间 : 二 O 一 O 年五月电话