curator keeperconservateur curator curatus (Merriam-Webster, 1985) keeper (Teather, 1990) curator Conservateur conservare conservator conservateur (conservateur) 1 1862 (Dictionnaire de l Administration Fran- 23
çaise) (Octobre, 1999a: 12) conservateur 1990 5 16 (Chatelain, 1993: 517) i 1999: 32 2 (Poulot, 1999: 31) (Audier, 1993, 1994; DiMaggio, 1983; Prince & Higgins-McLouglin, 1987) Alexander (Alexander, 1995) Glaser Zenetou 58 1996 (Glaser & Zenetou, 1996) curator (Glaser & Zenetou, 1996: 80) (Octobre, 1996) 1022 (Boylan, 1987; Teather, 1991; Costa de Beauregard, 1999) (ICOM) (International Committee for the Training of Personnel, ICTOP) 3 1989 24
1989 1989 1998 2004 2004 4 (Antoine Watteau) (Octobre, 1999a: 12) (Matthew Maty)(Charles Morton) (William Alexander) (Miller, 1974: 60) (culture of curiosities) (Histoire de L art de L antiquité) (Schaer, 1993: 42~43) (Holert, 1995) (Glaser & Zenerou, 1996: 15) 5 (Ripley, 1978: 51) 1882 (conservateur) (Octobre, 1999a: 13) 1882 1 24 (Antonin Proust) (L Ecole du Lou- 25
vre) (Chatelain, 1993: 473~474) 1990 1959 (Chatelain, 1993: 487) 1889 (Museums Association) (Kavanagh, 1991: 44) (South Kensington Museum Victoria and Albert Museum) Henry Cole (Alexander, 1995: 141~175) Paul Sachs 1932 (University of Leicester) (American Association of Museums) 19061922 (L Association des conservateurs des collections publiques de France) (International Council of Museums) 1945 1925 (Codes of Ethics for Museum Works) 1978 (dilettantes) 6 18% (Octobre, 26
1999b: 55) (Paton, 1894: 97) 3~4 (Donnat, 1994) (Octobre, 1999b: 51) (Kavanagh, 1991: 48) 1990 (Octobre, 1999a: 13~14) 27
(Weil, 1990) (Octobre, 1999c: 357) Glaser & Zenetou (Glaser & Zenetou, 1996: 81) concours 1990 (Ecole national du patrimoine) (Institut national du patrimoine) (Audier, 1994; Bady, 1999) 2004 examen 28
62 7 (Petzet, 1994) (Viterbe) (Negri- Arnoldi, 1994) (Bady, 1999) i i 1999 2004 (Glaser & Zenetou, 1996: 81) (Petzet, 1994) (magister artium) (Costa de Beauregard, 1999: 66) (Octobre, 1999c) (Negri-Arnoldi, 1994) (Pouw, 1994) 29
(Petzet, 1994) (Negri-Arnoldi, 1994) (Octobre, 1999c) (Glaser & Zenetou, 1996) 8 (discipline-based) (Bady, 1999) (Petzet, 1994) (Bady, 1999) (Chatelain, 1993) (Reinwardt Academy) (Pouw, 1994) (Negri-Arnoldi, 1994) (University of Manchester)(City University) (St Andrews) (Göteborg) (Umeä) (Costa de Beauregard, 1999) 30
(Pouw, 1994) (White, 1994) 1. conservateur conservation conservatore 2. 1997: 171 3. http://www.city.ac.uk/ictop/ Boylan 4. (Ashmolean Museum) (Bernard de Montfaucon, 1665~1741) (Aldrovandi Museum) Murray, 1996: 205~206 5. 1826 James Smithsonian Louis Agassiz Glaser & Zenerou, 1996: 15 6. Glaser & Zenetou (1996) 3.3 1967 5000 1994 8200 7. http://law.e-gov.go.jp/ htmldata/s26/s26ho285.html 8. 3 (ICOM) (ICTOP) 1997 31
i 1999 UM Books 1998 Curator? 1(4): 3~7 Sir Roy Strong 1989 3(1): 37~42 2004 25~68 2004 18(3): 7~25 Richard S. Laub 1989 3(1): 43~48 Alexander, Edward P. 1995. Museum Masters. Their Museums and Their Influence. AltaMira Press. Audier, Florence. 1993. La modernisation des musées en France et les transformations des rôles et des statuts des personnels. Actes de la seconde conférence internationale sur le management de la culture. Jouy-en- Josas. 1994. Emploi, statuts, organization du travail dans la modernation des musées en France. Public et Musées, 6: 33~48. Bady, Jean-Pierre. 1999. L Ecole nationale du Patrimoine depuis 8 ans. Musées et collections publiques de france, 221/222: 58~61. Boylan, Patrick. 1987. Museum Training: A Central Concern of ICOM and UNESCO for Forty Years. Museum, 39(156): 225~230. Chatelain, Jean. 1993. Droit et administration des musées. Paris: La Documentation française. Costa de Beauregard, Pascalind. 1999. La formation des conservateurs en Europe. Musées et collections publiques de france, 221/222: 64~67. Dimaggio, P. 1983. The American Art Museum Director as Professional: Results of a Survey. Bullet, 24 July: 5~9. Donnat, Olivier. 1994. Qui fréquente les musées? La Lettre de L OCIM, 35: 16~23. Glaser, J. R. & Zenetou, A. A. 1996. Museum: A Place to Work. Planning Museum Careers. London & New York: Routledge, The Smithsonian Institution. Holert, Tom. 1995. La fantaisie des custodes. De la préhistoire de la profession de conservateur en France et en Allemagne au XVIIIe siècle. Les Musées en Europe à la veille de l ouverture du Louvre, pp.527~547. Paris : Klincksieck. Kavanagh, Gaynor. 1991. The Museum Profession and the Articulation of Professional Self-consciousness. In: Gaynor Kavanagh (ed.), The Museums Profession, pp. 39~55. Leicester: Leicester University Press. Merriam-Webster. 1985. Webster s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam-Webster Inc. Miller, Edward. 1974. That Noble Cabinet. A History of the British Museum. Athens: Ohio University Press. 32
Murray, David. 1996. Museums: Their History and Their Use. London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press. Negri-Arnoldi, Francesco. 1994. Les formations académiques. La formation des conservateurs de biens culturels en Europe, pp.68~73. Paris: La Documentation française. Octobre, Sylvie. 1996. Les conservateurs de musée français: à la découverte d une identité plurielle. Musées et collections publiques de France, 212: 53~71. 1999a. Qu est-ce qu un conservateur? Musées et collections publiques de france, 221/222: 12~14. 1999b. Le conservateur aujourd hui: un professionnel poly-valent. Musées et collections publiques de france, 221/222: 48~57. 1999c. Profession, segments professio professionnels et identité. L évolution des conservateurs de musées. Revue française de sociologie, 2: 357~383. Paton, J. 1894. The Education of a Curator. Report of the Proceedings of the Fifth Annual General Meeting of the Museums Association, pp.95~105. Petzet, Michaël. 1994. Les formations académiques. La formation des conservateurs de biens culturels en Europe, pp.83~87. Paris: La Documentation française. Poulot, Dominique. 1999. Les origins du conservateur. Musées et collections publiques de france, 221/222: 31~40. Pouw, Piet. 1994. Les formations pratiques d application. La formation des conservateurs de biens culturels en Europe, p.91. Paris: La Documentation française. Prince, D. & Higgins-McLouglin, B. A. 1987. Museums in the UK: The Findings of the Museums Association Data-Base Project. London: Museums Association. Ripley, S. D. 1978. The Sacred Grove: Essays on Museums. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. Schaer, Roland. 1993. L invention des musées. Paris: Gallimard/Réunion des Musées nationaux. Teather, Lynne. 1990. The Museum Keepers: The Museums Association and the Growth of Museum Professionalism. Museum Management and Curatorship, 9(1): 25~41. 1991. Museum Studies. Reflecting on Reflective Practice. Museum Management and Curatorship, 10(4): 403~417. Weil, Stephan E. 1990. The More Effective Director: Specialist or Generalist? Rethinking the Museum and Other Meditations. Washington & London: Smithsonian Institution Press. White, John. 1994. Les formations académiques. La formation des conservateurs de biens culturels en Europe, pp. 55~62. Paris: La Documentation française. 95 3 2795 6 9 33
The Past, Present and Future of the Museum Curator: Trends and Processes in the Development of Curatorial Work and Professional Training Wan-Chen Chang* Abstract Research on the museum curator, that most specialized of members of the museum profession, remains as limited as ever. The purpose of this article is primarily to explore the nature of the museum curator s work and the developmental history of curator training, as well as to discuss the ideal characteristics of curators for the contemporary museum. This article first defines the museum curator and describes the curator s work. By discussing the origins of the profession, and the development of professional training, it illustrates the specialized nature of the curator s role and the diversity required of that role under the demands presented by contemporary society. Finally, the article concludes with a summary of the professional training of the contemporary museum curator, to prove that society places heavy demands on museum curators. Keywords: museum curator, curator s work, curator s training * Assistant Professor, Department of Arts and Design, National Hsinchu University of Education 35