O L Y M P I C S
( CIP ) / :,2006.2 ISBN 7-80702 - 358-9..........G.224 CIP (2006)080160 :8501168mm 1/ 32 : 103.25 :2000 2006 3 1 ISBN 7-80702 - 358-9/ G224 ( 16 ) :358.00
:,,,,,,, 18,, :,,,,,,,,, 5,600, 1
,,,,,,, ;,,,, 2008,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2008,,,,,, 2006 2 2
(The people s Republic of China), 960, 12.481 ( 1998 ),,,5000,,,,, 19,,,,,,,,,, 1949,,, 1952, 1
, 80,, 15,,,,,, 1949,, 1951,, 11,,,,,,,,, 1985,,,,,, 1954,, :,,,,, 2
,,,,,,, 1955,,,,, 1959, :,,, 1960, :,,,,,,,, 1979, :,,,,,,, 200,,,,,,,,,,, 3
,,, 1984 10,, 35,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1924 1931 1949,, 10,,, 1952,, 4
,,,,,,, 40, 26,, 100 1 12 3,,, 1954,,,,,,,1956,,, 11 6,,,,, 1958 8 19, 5
, 6 7,,, 1970,, 1979,,,10 25,, 11 26, :, 62, 17, 2,,,,,, 11 27, :, 1980, 21, 1981,, 1985,,,,,, 2000, 6
,,,, 1993,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (1973 1982 ),,,,,, 1910 1948 1913 1934, 1923 1936, 1913 1934 1932 1948 7
, 1936 1948,,,,,,, 29, 50, 1954,, 1959, 1993,, 30,,,, 1991 1989, 74 38, 150 8000, 10, 1963 48,, 66, 56,46,, 13 17 162,, 1974, 5 (, 4 ), 7, 8, 9, 10 1990, 8
,, 1993 5,,,,,, 102, 44,, 1200, 1 1985, 113,, 1956, 1989, 22 392,,393,, 362, 216 1957 1960, 3 5 100,, 2.37 2.38 2.39, 3,,1992 25,, 300,,, 1959 25, 2001,,,,, 1991 40, 9
13 2001 2002 50, 1, 10, 10, 10, 30,, 50, 30, 40 50, 2700,, 200, 1985, 11, 2300,,,,,, 12,, 15 ; ; 1986 4 28,, 10 1932,
, 1932, 10,,, 100 200 1936, 69 ( 9 32 ) 11,,, 1948, 14 53, 33, 5,,,,,,,,,1952 15,, 40, 26,,, 100, 1 12 3, 5 1956, 16, 21 5, 1960, 17, 47 7,, 11
1964, 18,55 8, 5 1968, 19, 43 8, 80, 1972, 20, 63 10,, 1980 1980 2, 13,, 28 (16, 12 ), 5 18,, 8 22,,,, 1984 2, 14 69, 37 (21, 16 ), 5 26,, 24, 14,, 12
1984 78, 23 353, 31 67 13, 225 ( ) ( ) 16,,,,, 32,, 1996 2000, 16 22 12 28 16 15, 1992 16 3, 18,, 7,4 23, 59 12, 60,,,, 23,,, 1988 2 13 28 15 13, 13
14 1000 500 1500, 1 39 1000, 2 34 85 1500, 1988 9 17 10 2 24, 1984, 5 11 12,,, 92 13 5 7 8, 2 3 1992 2 8 23 16 35 34 8 5, 500 1000 500,, 1992 7 25 8 5, 25, 381,, 600, 14
,, 1984 23 54,, ( : 200, 2 11 65; : 50, 24 79),,,, : ( Hong Kong),, 1067, 558.8 (1986 ), 1950,1951,,,,, ( ) 1985 21, 1952 1980,, 15
,,, ( Japan), 37.77 12368 (1990 ) 1911,,,,,,,, ; ;, 80,,,, : :1 2 4, : 9 4, : 10 6, 16
: 1., 2. 3. 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1912, 1948 1980,, 1964,,, 4 16,,, 25 3 26 3, 27, 5, 8, 5, 11, 11 16 17 17
1, 18, 5, (Korea) ( 38 11 ( 1990 ) ( Seoul) 4279.3 (1990 ) 1946 1947 :, 1982,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1988,, 18
1948, 1980 22,, 1976 21 1948 1952 6,, 23 27, 6 12 12 7 8, 16 18, 2 4 3,,,,,, 1979 3 ; 1981 ; 1983, ;1985, ; 1986, 12 9, ; 24,, 50, ; 25,,, 112,,, 1979, 1983 1984,,, 2, 3,,, 19
,,,, 3,2 1986 20 8,,,, 25, ( The Republic of Lebanon),, 10400, 316 (1980 ) ( Beirut),, 1948,, 1907,, 1952 45,,, 1975,, 80 1975,,,,,,,,, 20,
,,, 3, 1 20 1,, 300 7, 100,,, 2, 2, 1 1948, 67 62 1952, 57, 73,1980, 100,,1952, 370 75,20, 472.5 75, 1978, 4, 2, 2, 1 1986 352.5 158 110 1990, 23,, 21
, 1986 10, 12 1948 1956,, 2 2 1952, 1,, 3 1972,, 1976 11 ; 1980, 18 9,, : 100 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000, 1948,,, 1976, ( The Republic of lndia ),,,,, 6083 2974700 8.44 ( 1991 ) (New Delhi) 1924,, ( 19801987 ), 1992 22
, 20 : ;, : 1, 7, 1, 1, 2, 9, 5,, : 500, 450, 1, 14, 1961,,, 8,3,3 ( The State of Kuwait),,,, 17818 191 (1988 ), 1966 23
1981, :,, 1982, 10,, 1976, 1980,1982, 1986 1980, 00 11, 31, 8 4 1982, (The Republic of Iraq),,,,, 60 441839 1828 ( 1989 ) (Baghdad),, 1948,, 24
,, 1972 1980 30,, 8,1984,, 1982,,,,,,, 1965 5 ; 1973 ; 1982,1949, 1960 1 1986 3 ; 1986 1, 1982, 1 ; 1986 1, 1948, 1960, 380 67.5 1984, 75 25
(The State of Qatar) 11000, (Doha), 1980. 1971,,,,,,,,, 20 90,,, 1988 1980,,,,,,,, 9 30, 21 14, 6, 21, 26,
1982 1986,, 100, 1500 (1987 ), 5, 2, 1,,, 20, 1980 1992, 1992 1500 3 40 69,, (The Kingdom of Thailand), 514000, 4945, ( Bangkok ), 1950 ( 1914 ) 1974 1949,, 28,,, 19721974 2 1 3 1966 1970 1978 3 1978, 11, 12, 19,, 27
1982 1986 1990, 10 26 24, 600,, 100, 1978, 10 44 100, 4100 (40 32 ) 1982, 4100, 10 76 100 ; 1986, 1 1990,,,,, 1984, 1982 1986 1, 6, 2, 320, 1982,, ;1986, 2, 1952 1980 1984 28
63.5 27, 1 2 3 (The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam), 329500, 5620.5, (Hanoi), 1979,,, : (), 1961, 300 1973, 1974,, 1961 1963, 1963 52 51 ;,, 25003000 : 29
1980, 1984 (The Mongolian People s Republic),, 1566500 201.7 (1987 ) (Ulan Bator) 1922 6, 30,,,,, 1936,, 1947, ( ),, 10 1 ; 60%,, 100, 130,, 1968, 87 52 70 78 97,, 30
1972 1976 1980 1988 1992 1982 1990, 1989 6, 8 6, 4, 3 1 2,,,,,,, 20,,,,,, 1974, 1974 1978 1982 1990,, 1974, 7 2 5 11 9, 3 3 l, 1990, 69, 1 7 9, 1993 31
5,, 1962,, 1977, 50 1964 1984 5 8,, 1968,,, 1972 1980, 1980, 68,, ( 65 ) ( 71 ) ; (60 ) 1992, 1964 1992 8,, (The Kingdom of Nepal), 147181 1750 ( 1987 ), 1963,,, 32
,,,, 1989,,, 1964,, (Malaysia),, 329589, 1567.7, ( KualaLumpur),, 1954,,1979 55,,,,,,, 33
,, 3, 1, 50 25,, 20, 50,, 1934,, 1937 1, 15, 4 ( 1949 1952 1955 1967 ) 4 (1958 1970 1976 1988 ) ;, 8 7,, 1980 1981, 1986, 1987 1988, 1986 1987, 34
, 1982 100 200, 1986 1 1988, 6 16.21, 400 54 24, 1989, 12,, 1 48 29 800, 50,, 4, 1962 1974 1957, 1, 35, 10 10,,, 8,6 3 1986 7,,,,,, 1989 15, 11, 1986, 2 1954,, 19, 19, 43,,,,, 35
1990, 118, 2,2,4, 9,,,, 1989, 649 15, 67, 58, 75,, 1964 1968 1972 1984 1988 1992 6, 6 1968 19, 7 5 2, 3,, 1972,,,, 1972 20,, 3 0, 03,06, (The State of lsrael),,, 36
1947, 1.49, 2.8 470.5 (1990 9, ) ( Jerusalem),, 1952 1952,, 2000, 94.7 ; 7, 6.2,, ( ) 1952 1980 : 1992 1 1 (60 ) 1976 262.5 13 04 100, 1970 9, ( 00) (11 ), (02 ), 37
(The lslamic Republic ofran ),,,,, 1648000 5500 ( 1989 ) ( Teheran ) 1948 ; ; ; 1934, 1937,,, 1976 30,, 1974 10,,,5, 2, 1 1974, 1980 1984, 2000 3 1 4 38 1960
,, 1984 6 10,, 400, 25,, 1968 3, 1974 1972 1976 1976, 10 8 1978,,,, 4 11 17, 1 2 6 52 ( 140 )56 (150 ),,, 2/ 3, (The Democratic People s Republic of Korea) 123309 1818 (1987 ) ( Pyongyang) 1963 39
1979,, 1992 : (), (),, 30,, (), (), 100, 3000 10 2, 175, 1 9 3,, 15,,,, 1966 8,,,, 20 80, 1990 40
, 20 70, 80,, 1989 40,,,, 1972, 4 (1972 1976 1980 1992 ), 22 ( 6 6 10 ) 1972, 50 60 599,, 1992, 4, 5, 1964, 3000 5 18 5 1968 1976 1980 1988 3,, 6 1992, 47 23 500 (The Republic of Cyprus), 40, 97, 402 9251 68.42 (1987 )(Nicosia), 1978, 41
, 500, 10, 14,, 1988,,, ; 1988 00, 1980,,, (The State of Bahrain), 33 662 49 ( 1989 ) (Mana- Ma), 42 1979,
,,, 1986 1,,,,, 126, 7.5 1984 1992,, 400 1986 49 31, 1988 9, 11 00, 10,,, (The Lao People s Democratic Republic) 236800, 382.8 (1987 ) (Vientiane), 1979 43
80%,,,,, 1974, 1974 1982 1990, 1974, 4,, 1982,, 1986, 1990, 18, 12, 1, 1989 8, 36 15, 1980 1988 1992,,,, (The Republic of Turkey), 780576 4631.2 (Aukara) 2 15 44
1924,, 1955, 1936,,,, 1972,,, 1908, 1920 1932 1980 3, : 1948 1956 1960,1964 1952, 1948 1956 1960,, 1984 2 1992, 26 27 4 1 1 6 3 1 4 1936 1952 1972 45
, (The kingdom of Saudi Arabia) 2149690, 1100 ( 1986 ), 1965, 1983,, 20 70,,,,,,, 1984 1988, 1990 14,,,, 1972 ( 1980 ), 46 (The Republic of Singapore)
621 261 (1987 6 ) ( Singapore) 1948,,,,,,,, 19%,,, 1989 6,,,,, 1948 (1980 ) 1964 47
, 1960, 67.5 380 ( The Republic of lndonesia), 13667 1904569 1.7932 ( 1988 ) ( Jakarta),1952 (1977 ),,,,,,,,,, :,, 48
400, 60% 25,,, 14, 1963 1952, 1964, 1988,, : ( 952 ) 1992,,,,, 2000 1 3 1 5,, 59, 15 15 29 1986, 1 ( ) 3 ( 3 ) 14,, 30 1958,,,,, 19481986 14 49
, 8 3 1956 1986 11 1 5 ( ) ( ) 7, ; (The Syrian Arab Republic), 1852 966 (Damaseus) 20 50, 10,,, 4,1 50 2 25,,, ; ;, ;, 100 20 1948 1948 1968 1972 1980 1984 1988 1992 1960 1964, ( 100 )1984, 50
(110 )1982 360 ; (100 )275 (71 ) (75 ) 1986 (The Democratie Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka), 65610 1580 (1985 ), ( Colombo),,,,,,,,, 1937 20,,,,, 1948 (1976 ), 1948 400 51
(The lslamic Republic of Pakistan ) 796095 9767 ( 1986 ), ( Islamabad) 1948,, 1959 1948 1960,, :, ; 400 ( ) 1956 3 3 1971 1978 1981 ; 1962 1990 8, 6,,, 1989,, : 3 52
,, 20 50 80 1948 1980 (The Union of Myanmar),,, 676581, 4078 (1991 ), ( Rcm goon) 1948, 1990 1948, 1948 1962,, 1962,,,,,,,, : 1964, 15 53
,1968 350,1971 550,, 5 : : ; : ; : ; : ( ); :, 1948,,,,,, 10, 10, 28,,,, 1982, ( Republic of the Philippines ) 299700 5557.6 ( 1987 ) (Manila) 1929 1985 54
,, 500,,,,, 300 100,, 1954 2,,,, 1924 1980 : 1, 6 1972,, (The lslamic Republic of Afghanistan ) 55
652300, 1551, () 1934, 1936,,,, 40,,, 1,,,,,, :,,, 3,, ( 1963 ) ( 1969 ), 1960,, 1975 56
,, 1936,,, 1948 1949 3, (The people s Republic of Bangladesh),,, 143998, 1119 (Dacca), 1980 1989, 20 50,,,,,,,,,, 20 1980, 57
,,,, 1986, 81 (The Union Of Russia), 1707.54,.475 (1997 ) 12 18941900 1911 1908 4 5, 1 ( ) 4 ( )2 1917, ( ) 1991, 1989, 1993, V. V. 1971 S. 1944 A. 1999 58, 1991
,,, (),,, 1964 1980, 4310 9000 14.8 40.8, ( ) 10.4 41.2, () 39, 23,, 1300, 300, 4000, 1979 120, 1984 167, 1986 175, 1989 200 10 70%,, 1980 10, 1984 8 59
,, 2000, (), 1970 3813 1993 7032,, 1970 132.3 1993 382.6 () 5500, 3,, 27,,,,,,, 1992 16 25, 25 277, 17, 16, 9, 23,18, 20 1996 2000, 60
,, 26 32,,, 1994 1998,, 11 9, E. S. D. A. Y. L. L. (Ukrouna), 60.37, 5089, (The repablic of belarus),, 20.76 1023, (The republic of lithuania),, 6.52, 370, (The rfublic of latuia),, 6.45, 248.5, (The republid of estonia),, 4.51, 146, 1992 61
,,, 1996 2000, 17 18 1996, 9 2 12 23 2000, 3 10 10 23, 3 3 11 17, 2 3 5, 1 1 1 3, 1 1 2, 3 4 7, 2 1 3, 1 1 2 4 17, 1 2 3, 1 1 2, 1 1 (The Socialist Republic of Romania), 237500, 2319 ( 1991 ), ( Bucharest) 1914,,, 1955, ( ),,, 62
, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70 80,80, 1924 1932 1948, 1952, 400, 63
1984 20,, 216 ( 59 68 89, 1936 ) 1960, 1928,,,,1984, 1992 2 4 1,,, 14, 1960 1964 ;, 1968 ;, 1984 1992 2.00 1988 1500 ( 3 53 96 ),,, 1979 1976 (7 ), ( ), 1984 4 1,, 1988, 64
1992, 1992, 130 1996, 4 7 9 2000 11, 6, 9 (The French Republic),,,,,, 3000 551602 ( ) 5640 (1990 ) ( Paris) 1894, 12,,, 4 7,, 56 23 95, 60, 24,, 65
115000, 851, 16.7%, 26000 : ; ; ; ;, ;,,, ( 1863 1937) 1970 1990 ( MMaurice HERZOG) (M Plilippe HATRIER) 10,,,,,, 1960 2.4, 1984 55, ( ),,,,, 11.5, 66
1,,, 19, 15, 4,200,,,,,, 10, 1900, ; 1924, 1948, 1952, 1988 1992 6 4 6 8 5 16 1996 2000,, 15 7 15 13 14 11, A. R. 1928 2 1, 1968 4, 1998 18 2 1882,1906, 1982, 600, 30000, 680 16 60%,20 75%,,,,, 7 21 15 ( 5 ) 1992, 67
, 6, (4 1 1 ), 3,1992, 20,37, 21000, 170,, 400, ( ), 1984,,70 1992, 61 48,,,,, :, (The Federal Republic of Germany),, 356945 7907 (1990 ) ( Berlin ), 68 1951 :
; ;,,,,,,, 1, 2, 1, 35 (HEINZE) 1949, 1951,,, 1972 (TROGER ),,,1989 1989,,,, 11 23, 33 ; 26 27 20 14 27, 69
6,, 1998 18 12, 3 7 U. R. H. E. - K. L. K. R. R. M. K. U. R. U. R. :,, 53, 42, 41, 1950, 1968,,, 1976 ( 40 34)( 638603.75), 1980 ( 154147.5 ) 1984 (96),, 1984, 23.9% 39.7% 1992,, 13 12 52 5000, 2.02, 7.14 68.34 12 70
, 1984 200 ( 1 47 44 ) 1986 200 ( 1 56 24), 10 : 100 (, 54 73) 200 (, 1 57 55 ) 100 (, 1 08 11 ) 200 (, 2 27 0) 100 (, 1 0 59) 400 (, 4 36 10) 4100 ( 3 40 57 ) 4200 (7 59 23 ) 4100 (4 03 69 ) 200 (, 2 11 73 ) 1986 6,, 400 4 07 18 3, (, 6 51 40 ) 4 ( 45 17) 4 (6 20 18) 1954 ( ) : 3 ( 1954 1974 1990 )3 ( 1966 1982 1986 )3 1 ( 1970 ) 4 1 ( 1958 ),,, 18 140, 30%,, 714, ; 1518,, 1984 40000, 24800, 3400 ; 1983, 329, 1180 71
, 9918, 5367, 1986 ( ), 2 7104,, 2540 (The Italian Republic),, 301279 5760 ( 1990 ), 1894,,, 16 1951 1896, 1908, 1927,,, 1, 2, 1, 6 :, ;,, 72
;,,,, : 39,, 21 :,,,,,,,3, 6,, 73
13, 6, 1900 1904 3,, ITA 23 (14 ), 26 27 13,, 17 7, 18 2 A. D N. D. S. : (The Republic of Hungary),,, 93031 1037.5 ( 1990 ), : 1895,,, 1964 74
1948,,,1851, 1963,,,, :,1948, 1948 1956 1976,1960 1968 1980 1972 7 9 ( ) 4 2 ( ) 2 6 24, 24,1952 4 2 1,,, 1988 200 400 ; 200, 200 100, 100,, 4 6 1983, 3 2, 5 75
; 1985, 3 4,, 2 3 1996 2000, 7 4, 10 8 6 3 ( The Republic of Austria),,,,, 83853 760 ( 1990 ) (Vienna), 1964, 3 46,,,, : 1. ; 2. ; 3., 176, 25%,,, 2000, 30,,, 3 76 1908, 1912
1938,, 1946, 1986 (1921 ) 1977,,, 1920, 1896 1 500,, 12 4, 6, 3,,, 3 3 1,, 1976 1, 37, 1980 1984 22 23 1 2 1, 1992 25 2 2000, 2 1 3,,, 1960 1972 1984, 1956 3, 3, 4,, 1964 1968 1980, 70 3,, 1956, 77
; 1932 1936, 1964 1 29 2 9,,, 13, 19,,, 570,,,,, 12,,,,,,,,,,, 1976 12, 12,,,,,, 1984, (86 ) (65 ),,,,,,, ( 19811982 ) 1994 1998, 2 3 4 3 5 9 78 ( Spain)
,,,, 504750, 3930 ( 1990 ) (Madrid ) 1924 1952 19621970,1966, 19741978, 1980,, : 1. ; 2. ( 43 ) ; 3.; 4.; 5.; 6. 1900 1920 1936,,, 16 18 9 1928 ( 1992 ), 79
13 7 2, 6 1996 2000, 5 6 6 3 3 3 1948, 1972, 1986 7500, 2309, 316083, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 1920, 1964 1934 1950 1962 1966 1978 1982 1986 1950, 1986, 8, 1/ 4 56( ) 1990, 16,, 8 1992,,,, 23 (1984 ), 17 19 22,, ( 1986 ) 1992 25,, 80
,, (The Kingdom of the Netherlands),,, 1075 41864 1500 ( 1990 ) (Amsterdam) 1912, 1987,, (, 18 ), :,,, 8 ( 26000 ),, 64000, : 1896 1904 1900, 5 ( 1, 3 ), 1928,, 19 ( 6 9 4 ),, 1956, 1900, () 81
, 1948, 100 200 80 4100 4 1924 1928 1932 4 1 1992 2 6 7 26 27, 4 19 12 9 4 25 : 1924 1932, 18, 5 4 2 11 1964,, 1972,, 20,, 1900 10000, 1905 1966,, 1967, 1960 1500 10000,1970 5000 1967 1500, 1970 1971, 1972,,, 1976 10000, 5000,, 1960, 1960, 1962 1964, 1964 70, 1976 82
,,, 1964 19591961, 1961 1964, 1964, 1953 1954 1957 1961 1967 1967, 1966 1967 1969, 1969, 8 ( 1959 ) ( 1961 ) ( 1964 ) ( 1966 1967 ) ( 1970 ), 4 ( 1961 )(1962 ) (19641966 ) (1967 ), 1968, 1972 182.4,1976 4000 70 : 19801990 19741978, 83
,1988, (The Kingdom of Norway), 386958 423.3 (1990 ) (Oslo) 1900, 1966,, 20%,,, 1961,, 1898 1899, 8, 1 12 20,,,,, 84
,, ( 1929 1931 1937 1938 ), (1932 1936 ),,, 19, 20,, (1928 1932 1936 ),19271936 70,,,, 80, 5000,, 1910, 1919,, (1924 ), 1946,,,, 1900 (1980 ), 40 39 35 ( ), 65 61 56 85
:, 1908 300 1920, 28, 13 7 8, 1904 1932, 27 4 3 3 10 :,,, (1924 ) :, 7 ( 4 2 1 ) ;, 6 ( 3 1 2 ) ;, 17 18, 10 11 5 26 10 10 5 25 ( Ireland ),, 68890 352 ( 1989) 1922 1952, 1972 86
1976,, :, 1924 1936, 4 4 5 1928, 1932, 1932 1956 400 1500, 7, 1 ( The Republic of Albania), 287488, 330 ( 1990 ) (Tirana) 1959, 1986,,,, 1972, 87
(The Grand-Duchy of luxembourg), 2586.36 36.59 ( 1984 ) (Luxembourg), 1908,,,, 1946 25,,, 19,, 13500, 20 50, 1920 03, 1924 1928 1936, 02, 35, 09, 1948, 60, 16,, 4100 1920, 1952 1500,,, 88
,,,,, 1912 1932 ( 82.5 ) 1920, 255( 65 + 80 + 110 ) 1,, 1952 1500 3 45 1 1912, 81.50 1920, 4100 6, 1924, 200, 1936, 1952,, 1928 1936,, (The Kingdom of Sweden),, 486661 ( 55000 ) 832.8, ( Stockholm) 1913, 89
1894, (19411952 ), : (1965 ) (1976 ) 15,, 17,, 1813, ( ) 19,, 20 1903,, 250 51, 48 : 4000, 200, 1500,,, 1904, 514, 90
163 157 194 1900 : ( ), 1948 1952 1956 1960 4 6 1 1 ; ( ), 1956 1960 1964 3 4 3 2 ; ( ), 1906 1908 1912 3 4 3 : 1956,,, 5 1912, ( 24 ) 1920 1948 60,, 10 1968, 4, 27, 4 5 3 12 1908 ;1948 ; 1912 1920 1924 1952 4 ( 17 ) ; 1912 1956 ;1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1948 6 ; 1908 ;1912 1948 ; 1948 ;19081952 28 : (, 3 1 2 ), (, 3 ), (, 3 ), (, 3 ), (, 4 ) :, 91
,, 1948 1968, 70 63.5 1968, 1972 36 1976 24, 1976,, 80 1980 36 (3,1 ),1984 57 (4 2 ),,, :, ( ), 1980 1984 3 ; ( ), 1980 2 ; ( ) ( )1984 :20 60, 70,, 39,, 7, 1958,,, ( ),, 1924 5 A,,, 92
, 1989 1991 1993 40 41 42 1992, ( The Republic of Iceland ) 103106 25.7 ( 1990) : 1935 :,,,, 30,, 1908 1912 1936, (The Principality of Andorra), 465, 5.19 ( 1990 ), (Andorra), 93
1975 1986, 1976 4, 1976,, (The Kingdom of Belgium),,,,, 993, ( ) ( Brussds ) 1906,,, 1925,, 1942 1 6 1964,, 1986, ) ; 5, : 1.( ) ; 2.( 3.( ) ; 4.( ) ; 5.( ) ;,, 94
,,, 1900 1904, 1900, 14, 5 1920,, 35, 14 11 10,,,,,,,,, 1900 1920 6, 3,, 1952,1960,1964 1924, 1960 1968,, 1948,, 3000, 30, 1000,,1920,1980,1982 12,, 1986,,, 1900, 1963, 95
1964 1 09 59 1000,, 1963 4,, 1961 1964 1965 3 3, 4,, ( ) (80 ),,, 1920, 20 ( The Hellenic Republic),,,, 15000 131990 1010 (1990 ) (Athens), 1896 13 311,, 1894, 96
1896, 1978, 1981 1988 1894, 9100, 1762 (1982 ),,,,, 1966,,, 10, 16, 26, 1896,, 30 1960,1972 2,1980 1 2 26 27, 4 4 8 4 6 3 13 1930,, 6 97
(The Confederation of Switzerland) 41293.1, 647.8 ( Bern), 1912,,, 200 12000 20 ( 150, 3000 ), 1922, 300, 73, 3000, 1972 1984 43, ( 1928 1948 ) (1954 ),,, 98 1896,
, 1924, 168.5,, 26 27, 4 3 7 1 6 2 9,,,, 1986 21.72,, 1984 5000, 200 ( ) 100,,, 20, 1924, 1964 1968, 10 1948 5, 3 4 3, 17 18, 3 4 2 9 2 2 2 6 1924 1936 1948 1952, 99
, 4 (1948 1972 ),, 3 26, 10, 1982,, ( The Rcpublic of Slorenia), 20251, 198, (The Republic of Croatia),, 56538, 500, ( Bosnia and Her zegovina), 51129, 364 (The Republic of Maccdonia),, 25700 210, 1909 1919 12 1920,, 1949 1190, 100
, 90,,, 16600, 3, : 2778 ; 262, 938 ; 1768, 301, 1196 ( ), 1350 ( : 1000, 100 ) ; 2800 7000 ( ) 350, 80 40 25% 18, 4000, 1000,, 1. 6, 1912 (1912 ) 1932 1936,, 25 26 23, 1, 1980 1984, 1924 1976, ; 1932,, 1952, 1980 1984,, 101
, 1980, 1984 10, 1948, 1948,,, ( ) : ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 1980 1984, 9 1980, 1983, 1960,, 1980, 1000 1978, 15, 17, 21,, 1948 1960 4, 1948 1952 1956, 1960,, 1976,1980, 1984 13, 8 ( ), 4 2, 8 3 1986, 90, 1990 14, 8 102
1992 9,,,,,, 70 80,,, 1968 1976,1980 1988,, 1980, 1990, 1952,,2 ( 1968 1980 ), 5,1, 1972, 1984, 1980,,,, 100,, 5 1992,, 2, 2 2000, 2, 1 1 1 3, 1 1 2 103
(the Kingdom of Denmark),,,, 43092 ( ), 513.54 ( 1990 ), ( Copenhagen) 1905 (1929 )1997, ( ) 1896, 18, 5000,, 43 6000, 130, 1/ 4 10 10, 1, 14 ( ),,, 27 14 1889,, 1913 104
48, 1904, 26 27, 4 1 1 6 2 1 3 6 1984,, 1896, 111.5 57.2 ( 1920 ) (1928 ) (1912 )(1920 ) 1948, 5, 9, 8 ( ),, () ; : ( ) 1928 1000 1000 1924 1931, (, ) 1936 400 1938, 100 400 4100 3, 27,3 ( )1968 1972 1000, 3 ( 1967 1968 1970 ), 200 5000 105
, 1960 1000, 1968, 1963 1965,1963 1966 1970 1948 1952 1956 1960 4,4 3 ( 1908 1912 1960 ),1 (1948 ) 1978, 1979, 31, ; 1984,,, ; 13, 8 5 1 2,,,1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 16 14 1992 9,, 10,,, 1992, (The Republic of Bulgaria),,,, 106
110993.6 ( ), 898.89 (1990 ), ( Sofia) 1923, 1924 1952 ( ), 14 60,, 1000 4 : 34, 1, 210, 19801984 5 270, 31.4% : 100%, 75%, 61%, 31. 4%, 11.2% 3 11, 6 60, 1976 35.1, 1981 57.8, 130 107
, 1946, 1500, 12,665, 274 2300, 1981 9433 1977 1981, 15, : 17 24, 34, 2181, 69, ( ) 19721980 68% 52% 42% 1896 1924 1928 1936 1952 1980 1988 1992 1984,, 26 27, 5 6 2 13 1896 1936 4, 6 1952 75,, 1956,, 1 3 1,,,1960, 108
1964 ( ) ; 1972 ( ), 1976 ( ) 1980 22,,, 1988 10 12 13, 1992 25 3 7 6, 1936,,, 1964,1984 1980 2 4 2, 1983, 12 8 5, 4 5 1985, 26, 16, 9, 1, 1988, 4,,,,,,, 9091, 56 60 67.5 1992 71, 10,, 5 1992 52, 4.8,, 109
1988 1 4 3 12,, 100 30 1991,, 3, 25,, 1991, 2 1 2,, 54 57, 1972,, 1992, 500 1000 1 (1968 ), 1 ( 1956 ) 5 1986 13,,, 16, 1980 19841991 8, 968, 360, 197 () 110
, ( ), ( ) 3 ( ), ( ) ( ) (The Republic of Portugal) 92072, 1049 (1989 ), (Lisbon) 1909 1963, 1966,, 5, 2, 1974,,,, 1912, 2 4 111
7 1976, 1 1984 5000 1988,, ( 225 40 ) 1952, (The Principality of Monaco), 1.9, 2.7 (Monaco-ViUe), 1908, 1953,, 1993 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 112
,, A S,,, 1920, 1932 1956 1980,,, 1976 1984 14,,, 1988 1992 (The Polish People s Republic) 312683 3820 (1990 ) (Warsaw) 1919 10 12,, ( ),,,,,,, 1948 113
1949, 1960,,,,,, 80, 36,,,, 8,,,,1982 ( 1972 ) ( 1976 1992 ) ( 1936 ),,, 52 56 60, 60 80, 1983, 11, 90, 82.5 90 100,, 114
(1992 ), 60 70,,, 1924, 58 74 116 1980, 32,, 1976 26 ( 7 ), 26 27, 7 5 5 17 6 5 3 14,, (1932 ) 1972 90 1 2 (the Republic of Finland),,, 338145 500 ( 1991 ) (Helsinki) 1894, (1976 ) (1981 ) :19, ( ) 115
,, 18, 1500 : ( 800 ) ( 800 ) ( 400 ), 1200 325 36, 30 25 12 6.5 5 3 ( ) ( ) 1908, 1908, 1912 1920 4 1, 1920 1924, 1920 1924 1928 9 3 1924 1928 5 3,, 5 ( 1912 1924 1928 1932 1936 ) 5 1924 116
,,, 2000 2 1 1 4,,, 3, 8 1924,, 1500 5000 3,, 1000,, 1984 5 10 20 45 18, 2 4 6 12 (The United States of America), 9372614 2.67 ( 1997 ) (Washington, D.C.) 1894, 1921,,, 1961 117
1978 11 1978,, 112, 5 A 38 B 11, : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; C, : ; ( ) ; D, 54 E 6 : 118
,,, :,, ;, 1 2, 4 1 B 11 1 ;,, 4, H (19841988 ), ( 1985 ), 1974,,,, ( 19521972 ) 1904 ( ) 1932 () 1980 ( ) 1984 ( ), 1996 ( ) 26, 1985 (HELMICK), 1989 1978,, 119
,,, 1.,,, 3, 12, 600 1977, 1200015000, 85000 1982,, 400,, 140 1985 7,, 25 100,,, 1984, 47% 46% 63% 2.,,, 3. 1978,, 120
, 34, 3000 1986, 7,, 1978 80000 1986 345940, 1984 287, 183 1986 4.,, 19801984, 131,,,, 1980 22,,, 851, 566, 476 53, 40, 28,,,,,, :,,,,, 121
1896, ;, 1936 4 ;, 19561968 4 ;, 1968 8.90 1992, ; 1984,, 4,,, ( ), :,,,, ( )(), 20 60 70,, (, ),,,,,, 1924 1928 5 ;, 1964 4 ;, 1968 2, 1972 7 ;, 1976 4 ; 1984 3 1952, 1976 2 122
,1980,, 1952, 1980,,,, 1984 2,, 1984 2,,, 1936, 1972, 1988, 1992,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1984, 1988 123
, 1992,, 80,, 1984,,, 1984, 1984,,, 1984,, 1984,,,,,, 1932, 1964 2,,,,, 1984, 3, 1988 1992 1984,1988 1992,, 1972 3,1976 1 1983 3, 1 2 1 74 124
1936,,,,, :, ;,,, 1888,,, 60, 7000, 20, : ;, ; ( 818 ),,, : 1983, 18000 5135530 514791, 405511 ; 475229, 355652, 1906, 905, 18, ( 125
), 116624,,,, 1940,, 520 14 10 (The Republic of Argentina), 2776889, 2, ( Buenos Aires) 1923, 1927, 1977,, 1986,,,, (5 ),, 1903 1969, 8,, ;, 1978,,,, 30, 3000, 126
4000, 1000, 3, 12, 3 1974 3 21 :,,, 17 200,, 1012, ;, 47,, 1940 3000, 1893, 1912,, 10, 1930 1978 1986, 10,, 1949,, 1907, 1947 1949 127
,,, 2, 400, 6070,, 1974 1975, 1976, 1984,, 7,,,,,, 1932, 1948, 8 1974, 1977 1920 1992 1980 22 13 18 14, 45, 1920, 1924 1972,,,, 1976 1984 1988, 1992 25 1924, 9 ( 7 ),,, 1928 1948 1952 1964 1972 1976 1984 1992 128
, (The Federative of Republicof Brazil),,,, 8511965 14429.6 ( 1988 ) ( Brasilia) 1935 5 20,,,, ( ) 86,,,, :,,,,, ( 1958 1962 1970 ), ( 1950 ), ( 1938 1978 ) 424 1958,, 129
,, 3 4,,, 14, 8, 19, ( 1983 1985 1993 ) 1920 (1928 ),,, 1920, 30, 1952 1956, 1980 470 1984, 1 43 1980 800, 1981,1983 1992, 2 1, 65, 20,,,,,, 130
(1959 1963 ), ( 1954 1970 ), (1967 1978 ),, 3 (1948 1960 1964 )1984, 9, 2, 7 1982,1992 4000,,,, 300, 11 20,, 1970 214 (Canada),,, 9922330, 2588 (1988 ) (Ottawa) 1904 ( 1946 ), 1907, 1949, 1949 (M.Richardw Bound ), 19871992,, (LETHEREN), 1990, 131
,,,, 12 27 7, 1979, (19691977),,,, 100,,,,, 1970 54% 1981 71%,, 1900 1980 ; 1924,, 1992, 6 5 7 26 27 3 11 8 3 3 8 1984, 132
10 18 16 2, 1 17 18, 3 6 4 6 5 4, :, :,, : 1928 1932 1948 1952 5,1936 1960, 1956 1968 70 80 1980 1984, : 55, 4.5% ;, ;,, 4, 2, 1, 70100 ;,, 1984, 5 ( 1 ) 5 ( 2 )3 1 200 400, 200 100, 200, 1984 1986 2 1932 1948 1960,1910 19561964 133
, ( The United States of Mexico), 1958201, 8300 ( 1981 ), (Mexico.City) 1923,,,,,,,,, 40, 30 1933,,,,, 7 10, 7, 20 134
, : (1970 1986 ), 19 1924 30, 27, 1 2 3 6, 1948, 3 ( 1 ), 1968, 3,, ; 1984,, 1992, 50 (, 3 52 09 ) 1928, ( Republic de Cuba), 110922 1050 : 1937, 1954, 1900 2, 1904 3 (10 )1948 14, 1959,, 135
,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 18 : 136
,,,,, 50%,, 20% :,,1968 2, 1972 1 1 1, 1976 3 3 2 1980 6 2 2, 11 10, 1983 8 2, 25 26 27, 9 8 8 25 11 11 7 29,,,, 1967 8l, ; ; : 70,,,, 1978, 80,, 90,,,, : 1972,,, 137
1976 21,1980 22, 25,,, :,,,,, :,,, 125 56, 275 ; 385 100 ( Jamaica ) 10991, 235.54 ( 1987 ), (Kingston) 1936,,,,,,,,, 138
, ( 2 2 ),, 20 70 20 80,, 1948 1960,, 4 13 6 : 1948 1 2 ( 400 800 ), 200 1952 2 3 ( 400 4400, 400 800 ) 1976 200 100 1980 200 : 1980 200 ( 22 20 )1984, 100 200 ( 11 16 22 19 ) 1980 1000 (1 05 241), 1988, 34 1992 3, 400 (, 47 66), 100 (, 10 83 ), 200 (, 22 02) (The Republic of Chile), 741767 1275 ( 1988 ) ( SanTiago), 1890 1955 139
, 4598, 18900, 609724 1962 75000, (20)(31 ) (21 )(10 ),, 1984 8, 2,1983, 300 800 1896 1900 1904 1908 1932 1980, 1928, 233 23, 1956 2 2, 1952 1960,, ( The Republic of Peru ), 1285215, 1883.1, (Lima), 1936 1982 1973 4 15, 140
,, 1974, 1990 1100 8, 300,, 1936 1952 : 1948, 545 50,1984,, 192 16 l, 32, 4000 ( 1983 ),1917 2 (1939 1975 ),4 1970 1978 1982 3, 8 1986 10 22, 01 00, 1990,,, 1968 1984, 1980 1982,, ; 1986 141
, 1983 (The Republic of Venezuela), 912050 1643, ( Caracas ) 1907,1934 1935,,,, 1949,, :,,,, 5, 36,,, 142
4, 28, 1948 1980, 1 2 5 ( ) 1952, 1968 48 1984, 3, 2 ;, ( ),, 1983 7 16 19 ( The Republic of Nicaragua ) 130000, 350 ( 1987 ), (Managua),, 1959 143
,, 1982, 3 5, 15 1983, 1968, ( Belize),,, 22963 17.8 ( 1988 ) ( Belmopan),, 1967, 1968, 1980, (The Republic of Bolivia), 1098581 6720 ( 1988 ), ( Sucre) : 1936 1936 1964 1972 1976 1984 1988 1992, 1956, 144
, (Barbados) 431 25.37 (1987 ) ( Bridgetoun) 1955,, 1968, 1980,, (The Republic of Columbia),,, 114148 3016 (1988 ) (Bogota) : 70,, ;,, 8,,, 20,, 145
, 1980,,,, 1932 1972 1972, 1, 1984 50 1 2000 1 ( The Republic of CostaRica) 51100 267.2 ( 1988 ), ( San Jose) 1954 1964, ( The Republic of Paraguag), 406752, 311.7, (Asuncion),, 1968, : 146
1983,, 1968 1972 1976 1984,, (1953 1979 ) 5 ( 1922 1929 1947 1949 1963 ) 5 ( 1923 1924 1925 1939 1959 ) 1979,,,, 4 ( 1930 1950 1958 1986 ), 6 (The Arab Republic of Egypt), 1002000, 147
5480 ( 1989 ), ( Cairo ) 1910 (M.AnmedD.Ouny) 1960, 400 18 8, 12,,,,, 1500 ( ),,, 1912, 1932 1980, 1976,, 1960 1968,, 1968, 6 1948 : 2, 200,, 1924 1984 7 148
, 1928 1964 4, 1964 ( ), 100,11, 511,, 4,, 1972 20.71 1981 10,,,, 1928, 1936 2 1 2, 1948 2 ( ),, 1952 2 2 1,, 6,, (The People s Republic of Congo),,,,, 342000 226.6 ( 1989 ) ( Brazzaville ), 1964 : 149
1964 1972 1980 1984 1988 1992 6 1980, 1965 1972 32,1974, 20 70, 2.14, 60 70 : 1975 20 9 200, 1981 71.12, 10, 4100 4400, 40 50 3 10 62, ( The United Republic of Tanzania), 945087 1923.3 ( Dares salaam),, 1964 150
, 1964 1968 1972 1980 1984 1988 1992 1964 1980 5000 3000 1984,, 1974 10, 8,, (The Deimocratic People s Republic of Algeria),, 2381741 2040, (Algiers ) 1964, (1974 ),, 15, 151
, ; ;, 1977 9,, :,,,, 6, 4 2 1962, 3, 3,, 6, 50, 8,,,,,, 20 10 1964 1968 1972 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 9, 4 1984, 23, 75 81 1, 1992, 27, 1 1 3 5 152
,, 6, 800,,, 1918, 1980, 50, 11, 8,,, 12, 1982 12, 21, 32,,,,,,,,, 1985, 70.36, 80.04 1986 3000, 1984 (The People s Republic of Angola), 1246700, 745, ( Luanda) 1929, 1986, 153
1980,, ( The Republic of Kenya),, 582646, 2294 (1987 ) (Nairobi),,, 1955,, 1960,, 46,, 1963 12 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1965 8 27, 7 37 6 3000, 154
, 1972, 13 24 2 5000, 1973 6 30000, 1977 1000, 1978 4 6, 3000 5000 10000 3000,, 1964 800 1 45 9, 4, 8, 3, 4, 1,, 4400 2 56 1, 45, ;, 1972,,,,, 8,, 1976 1980, 1984, 24 3000 1988,, 800 1500 5000 10000 3000, 1984 1985 12 10 1985, 7 6 155
8, 1992, 1991 ( 800 ) ( 10000 ) ( 3000 ) 1988 (800 ), ( 1500 ) (5000 ) ( 3000 ), 1992,, 800 10000,,,1960, 10, 70,, 12 1964,,, 1966,,, 1972,, 57, 60 67,, 3, 1988, 67,, 1956 1980 156
1976, 1960, 5000,, 1988, 5 2 2, 1968 1972 5, 7, 6, 19 17 1984 1992 27, 2 3 2 7,, 12 ;, (The Deimocratic Republic of Sudan) 2500000 1945.1 (Khartoum) 1959 1983 1959, 1960 1968 1972 1984 1988 1992, 157
(The Republic of Tunisia), 164150, 672, (Tunis ),, 1957 1965 1956,,!,, 1957, 4 ;,, 6500, 65000 10, 42 126 65 21 300, ( ) 20 158
( 10000 ) 1956, 1960 : 1962, 1963 1965, 1978, 1978 1977,, 1985 1960, 1960 1964 1968 1972 1984 1988 1992 5 ( 1 2 ) 3 (1 ) (The Republic of Zimbabwe), 390759, 786.8, ( Harara), 1980 1980 1984 ( ) 1980,, (The Republic of Ghana) 239460 1375.4(1989 ) (Accra), 159
1956, 1952,,,,,,, 5 4, 5,, 6, 19811983,, 1972 8.01, 16.50, 1 2,, 1962, 60 63.5, ( The Central African Republic) 160
,,,, 622984 284.3 (1988 ) ( Banguiz), 1965,, 1968 1984 1988 1992,, 1970, 1971 1973,1974 (The Republic of Djibouti), 23000, 48 (1989 ), (Djibouti) 1984, ( Socialist Ethiopia),,, 1223600, 4980 (1989 ) (Addis Ababa), 161
, : 20 50,, 1960, 1964 1968 1984, 5000 10000,,, 1943,1953, 1962 1965 1968,70 1956, 1980, 2000 4 1 3 8 ( The Republic of Malawi) 118485 798 ( 1987 ), (Lilongwe) 1968, 162
,, 1972 1992, (The Republic of Uganda), 238461, 1405.7, ( KamPala),, : 1956,,,,, ( 100 10 1) ( 6880 ) (400 52 68) ( ), 4100, :1962, 1978 CC,1971,, 1968, 1968 2, 1970, 6, 163
1970,3,,, 1980,, 1956 1976, (, ) 1972 47 8 400, (Mauritius ), 2200 2040 ( ) 110 (1968 ) ( Port Louis ), 1972,,,, 1984, 164
(The Republic of Zambia), 752617, 697.3, (Lusaka), 1965, 1963, 1965, 1 ; 1973, 7, 1 ( ), :, 1928 1964 1968 1972 1980 ( 1964 ) 1976, 1984,, 48, 70 1970 1974, 19 1973, 165
, 1984, 1980 (1974 1982 ),,, 1993,,,, ( The So - cialist People s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya), 176, 36 ( 1984 ) ( Tripoli),, 1963,, 1977 40,,,,1970, 3000,,, : 166
,,,,,, 3,, 800, 50,, 1970, 3, 50 100, 70, : 1968 1980, 33 5, (The Republic of Botswana), 582000, 4, (Gaborone),, 167
1980 1986 1980, (Le Burkina Faso), 274200 853 ( 1989 ) ( Ouagadougou), 1972,, 1972 1988 1992,, (The Republic of SierraLeone) 72326 369.2 ( Freetown ) 1964, 1968 1980 1984 1988 1992, 168
( The Commonwealth Of Australia), 7682300, 1524.7, ( Can - berra), 1895,, 1914, B, (19641980 ) (19801984 ),,,,,,,, 1972, 1977,,,, 169
1980, 7, 19841985, 33 1100 52, 112, 40, 37, 8, 23 ( 3 ), 40 ( 10 ) : ;,, : 1.( ) ; 2.( ) ; 3.1 ; 4. ( 2 ) ; 5.; 6.; 7.( ); 8., 170
1 :,,, 1, 6,,,, ( ),,, 1894 ( 1920 5, ), 1936, 9, 1984,, 2,1 3 1, 26 27 9 16, 1956, 171
,,,, 1956, 8, 3 ( ),, 100, 100, 1956 1960 4 ( )1972, 200 400 200, 800, 100,, 1956 1964 100 200 400 4100,,,, (New Zealand), 268103, 347,,, ( Welliugton ),, 1911, 1920 172
, 1912, 1969,, 1908 (1908 1912 ) 1920,, 1976,, 1977, 23,, 1984, ( 1960, 1964 )(1960,1976 ) (1968 1972 ) (1964 ) 1920, 74 8, 1960 1964, 800 1500 3, 800,, 27 1 3 4 (1952 1960 1968 1972 1976 ), 173
( Fiji), 18333, 68. 8, ( Suva),,, 1955, 1960 1968 1972 1976 1984, ( Solomon Islands ), 29785, 239.5,,, 1983 1984, 174