1 2 3 4 5 6 ( ) Key words: ghost marriage, ancestor worship, I-lan County, Tainan County.,, ( ), ( 1973, 1987, Jordan 1972) Jordan (1972:153) (1999) Jordan,, 1
1 2 3 4 5 ghost marriage Nuer (ghost marriage) spirit Nuer Nuer Nuer Evans-Pritchard 1953:163 bride-doll marriage buy me a bride buy me a groom (Schattschneider 2001) 1973 1974, 1973, 1975, 1993, 1993, 1987, 1999. Jordan 1972, Martin 1991, Stockard 1989, Topley 1956, Wolf 1974, 1. 2. 3.,,, Janice Stockard 1989 90-102 2
1973, 1987 Jordan 1972, Martin 1991 1973, 1975 1973 1975 1976 Stockard Jordan 1973, Jordan (1972), (1973), 1999, Jordan 1972 3
Jordan Topley papier-mache Martin Jordan 1. 2. 3. 4
4. 5. : ; (1936) (2002), 1. 1 2 1 63 1974 2 3 10 3 6 51 5
52 1962 1963 2 62 84 1 600 200 3 6 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 6,200 3 68 79 3 4 3 3 66 40 7,200 1,000 5 2 3 3 10,200 1 6
6 5 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 7
1. 2. 3. 1. 1 2 3 2. 1 - - 8
2 10 1. 2. 3. - 9
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 10
2 3 -- 11
I II III I II III IV I 12
II III 1 2 180 13
3 14
4 15
16 ( ) ( ) 餠 ( 餠 ) ( )
Jordan(1972) Topley ( ) Jordan(1972) (1999) 17
57% 27% 1 2 3 18
Summary Hsiang-shui Chen In the early days ghost marriage in Taiwan means that parents marry their dead daughters to the strangers. However, in the recent decades, some marry their dead daughters to their sons-in-law. This research has selected several villages in a Northern County, I-lan County and a Southern County, Tainan County as field sites. This article finds some interesting differences between these two counties, such as (1).more cases of married to one s own sister s husband occurred in Tainan than in I-lan. 2 there is a wedding certificate in Tainan County but not in I-lan County, (3). The living has to built a tomb (Feng-shui) for the dead bride, but not in Tainan County, (4). Many ghost marriages in Tainan were arranged by as the ritual specialists, but in I-lan the match-maker, the fortune-teller, and the friends will help to do it. (5). No doll as a image of bride was used in I-lan but popularly adopted in Tainan. (6). There is written contract to identify the worshipper for the dead bride, but not in Tainan County. 1. 1974 175-193 19
1973 33:15-38 1976 8:52-54 1987 1993 35: 16-17 1975 36: 141-164 1993 1999 2. Evans-Pritchard 1951 Kinship and Marriage among the Nuer. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Jordan, David 1972 Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors. Berkeley: University of California Press. Martin, Diana 1991 Chinese Ghost Marriage. In An Old State in New Settings: Studies in the Social Anthropology of China in Memory of Maurice Freedman. Hugh Baker and Stephan Feuchtwang, eds. Pp.25-43. Oxford:JASO. Schattschneider, Ellen 2001 buy me a bride : death and exchange in northern Japanese bride-doll marriage. American Ethnologist 28 (4) :854-880. Stockard, Janice 1989 Daughters of the Canton Delta. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Topley, Marjorie 1956 Ghost Marriages among the Singapore Chinese: A Further Note. Man (May, Section 63): 71-7 Wolf, Arthur 1974 Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors, in Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, ed. Arthur Wolf, pp.131-182. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 20