1987
... 1 1.1... 1 1.2... 3 1.3... 7 1.4... 8 1.5... 9 1.6... 10... 11 2.1... 11 2.2... 12 2.2.1... 12 2.2.2... 15 2.2.3... 18 2.2.4... 20 2.3... 22 2.3.1... 22 2.3.2... 27 2.3.3... 29... 30 3.1... 31 3.1.1... 31 3.1.2... 34 3.1.3... 35 3.1.4... 37 3.1.5... 38 3.2... 39 3.3... 43 II
... 46 4.1... 46 4.2... 51 4.2.1... 51 4.2.2... 53 4.3... 55 4.3.1... 55 4.3.2... 64 4.4... 70... 75 5.1... 75 5.1.1... 75 5.1.2... 78 5.2... 80 5.2.1... 81 5.2.2... 83... 87 6.1... 87 6.1.1... 87 6.1.2... 89 6.1.3... 90 6.2... 90 6.2.1... 90 6.2.2... 92 6.3... 94... 95... 100 1-1... 100 III
1-2... 104 1-3... 108 1-4... 112 1-5... 115 1-6... 122 1-7... 126 1-8... 134 1-9... 140 1-10... 145 1-11... 156 2... 162 3... 163 IV
1.1... 3 1.1... 4 1.2... 4 1.2... 5 1.3 1999... 6 2.1... 14 2.2... 16 3.1... 33 3.2... 33 3.3... 34 3.4... 42 3.5... 42 3.5... 43 3.6... 44 3.7... 45 5.1... 76 5.1... 77 5.2... 78 5.3... 78 5.4... 79 5.5... 79 5.6... 80 5.7... 80 5.8... 81 5.9... 83 5.10... 84 5.11... 85 5.12... 86 6.1... 87 V
6.2... 88 VI
1.1... 10 3.1... 30 VII
1.1 1975 1976 1985 (the United Nations Decade for Woman) 1993 6 1995 9 1998 2001 (Ministry of Gender Equity) 1998 1987 1
1991 1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994 1996 1997 1990 80 90 1997 1998 2002 1997 1996 1997 2000 2
1 1.2 1.1 2001 50 22.22% 1998 3.11% 89 135,855 79 24.23% 6.2% 79 12.13% 8.83% 7.2% 5.64% 1.2 1.1 1996 4 0 0 1 0% 2000 5 0 0 1 0% 1994 14 0 0 3 0% 1998 7 0 0 2 0% 1993 68 9 1 23 4.35% 1997 75 5 3 23 13.04% 1 http://vol.moi.gov.tw/sowf3w/03/doc/08_7d_1.htm (22/4/2002) 3
1.1 2001 78 10 2 23 8.7% 1994 6 309 1.94% 1998 760 37 18 319 5.64% 1991 31 225 13.78% 1996 353 79 61 334 18.26% 1992 17 161 10.56% 1995 276 38 23 164 14.02% 1998 319 63 42 225 19.11% 2001 473 104 50 225 22.22% 1994 131 31 16 79 20.25% 1994 111 27 12 52 23.08% 1998 8 1 2 7 17 52 32.69% 1994 108 15 6 43 13.95% 1998 8 3 1 4 5 43 11.63% 1994 128 842 15.20% 1998 1511 292 154 890 17.30% 2001 1.2 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 79 403,475 180 10,294 116,969 229,419 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) 294,119 (72.90) 174 (96.67) 9,857 (95.75) 90,733 (77.57) 158,143 (68.93) 109,356 (27.10) 6 (3.33) 437 (4.25) 26,236 (22.43) 71,276 (31.07) 89 408,515 (100.00) 323 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 11,874 (100.00) 176,850 (100.00) 179,620 (100.00) 4
1.2 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 272,660 (66.74) 289 (89.47) 318 (94.36) 10,321 (86.92) 115,728 (65.44) 116,891 (65.08) 135,855 (33.26) 34 (10.53) 19 (5.64) 1,553 (13.08) 61,122 (34.56) 62,729 (34.92) 2001 (2001) 1999 1.3 65 0.619 21 28 54 61 2001 5 2 2000 392 46% 2001 12 2000 28,153 10,483 18% 39% 2 : Yearbook of Labor Statistics 2000 (ILO) 1999 60% 58.9% 54.5% 52.7% 5
1.3 1999 (GEM) * (HDI) GDP (%) (%) (%) (%) 0.836 (1) 36.4 (4) 58 (15) 31 (24) 0.63 (11) 0.939 (1) 0.809 (3) 42.7 (1) 49 (39) 29 (30) 0.68 (2) 0.936 (4) 0.783 (4) 36.5 (3) 62 (8) 29 (30) 0.66 (5) 0.925 (10) 0.763 (5) 23.6 (18) 53 (22) 35 (14) 0.61 (15) 0.936 (3) 0.755 (7) 32.9 (6) 46 (46) 23 (46) 0.51 (30) 0.931 (8) 0.738 (9) 25.4 (15) 47 (43) 25 (39) 0.67 (3) 0.936 (2) 0.738 (10) 13.8 (53) 53 (22) 45 (3) 0.61 (15) 0.934 (6) 0.692 (14) 24.9 (17) 50 (34) 19 (58) 0.43 (46) 0.935 (5) 0.671 (16) 17.0 (37) 45 (49) 33 (19) 0.61 (15) 0.923 (14) 0.619 (21) 19.9 (28) 44 (54) 14 (61) 0.52 (27) 0.886 (23) 0.520 (32) 10.8 (70) 44 (51) 9 (64) 0.43 (46) 0.928 (9) 9.1 (92) 0.924 (13) 38 (62) 22 (52) 0.880 (25) 0.509 (36) 6.5 (116) 42 (57) 21 (55) 0.49 (35) 0.876 (27) 0.358 (62) 5.9 (120) 31 (66) 5 (68) 0.45 (40) 0.875 (28) 21.8 (21) 0.718 (88) (Human Development Report 2001), * GEM 0~1 (UNDP) 1995 (Gender Empowerment Measure, GEM), GDP 6
3 1.3 1. 2. 3 1 7
3. 1.4 4 1. 2. (1) (2) 2 4 (induction) (deduction) 1996 8
(3) 3 1.5 1. 2. 3. 9
1.6 1.1 10
2.1 (Kweit & Kweit, 1981) (Civic Practices Network, CPN) 5 Osbome & Gaebler (1992) 1993 John Mcknight (Osborne & Gaebler, 1993) 6 Almoond & Verba (1989) 5 Civil Practice Network 6 (1996) 51:41-52 11
1996 7 2.2 (1989) 8 2.2.1 7 10 1.05 1 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 12
(1999) 9 10 2.1 1 (9.7%) 2 (72.2%) (11.1%) 3 16.7% 1989 9 10 13
2.1 * * ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 9.7 36 90.3 336 24.6 66 24.4 104 42.8 232 25.2 110 6.3 15 ( % ) ( ) 72.2 51.0 37.9 N.A. 37.5 23.6 6.7 ( % ) 11.1 26.9 47 N.A. 62.1 70.9 86.6 ( % ) 16.7 22.1 15.2 N.A. 0.4 5.5 6.7 ( ) 1999 * x 2 P 0.05 N.A. 2001 1978 2000 14.21% 2000 41.52% 11.8% 2000 11 11 2000 2.55 2.52 14
2000 2.2.2 1996 1995 1995 (2001) 2.2 15
2.2 35,272 12,691 22,581 34,176 11,119 23,057 38,601 12,328 26,273 45,029 13,512 31,517 56,632 16,920 39,712 http://www.moi.gov.tw/w3/stat/topic/topic145.htm (2/3/2002) (1995) (2000) 12 1971 1982 12 88 19,518 16
17 ( 2001) (1989) 13 1989 1989 1995 1998 OK KTV 70% 45% 41% 31% 81% 13 (1995) (1995)
2.2.3 1. 50 14 1965 1998 1996 1996 & (1992) 1. 2. 3. 2000 14 Nisbet (1953) Community 18
15 1998 16 8% 33 7% 1993 1996 2. 1996 (1996) 15 2000 16 19
90 1996 1994 1995 1990 1990 2.2.4 (1994) 20
(Kweit & Kweit, 1981) 17 2001 80 1996 1997 17 (1996) 51:41-52 21
2.3 2.3.1 (1762) 2000 Beauvior (1949) 18 Millett (1970) 19 2001 (2000) 18 (Simone. de. Beauvoir, 1908-1986) 1940 (The Second Sex, 1949) 1960 19 ( Kate Millett ) (Sexual Politics ) 1970 22
Mill (1970) 1984 Oakley, 1974 20 2000 1. Welldon (1988) 20 (1989) (Seneca Fall) 20 20 1963 (Betty Friedan) (The Feminine Mystique) 23
1995 Firestone (1970) (Glenn, 1994) Rich (1986) (Of Woman Born) 2. Chodorow (1978) 1985 21 (Ferree, 1991) 21 2002 5 16 24
1990 21 6 2 19 2000 3 7 83 47 1 39 2000 5 1998 91.2% 39.2% 2001 5 1990 65.4% 1995 61.1% 2000 58.0% (1996) 3. 2000 1995 1996 1996 25
1994 22 1996 (1998) 31.8% (1987) (1989) (1988) Wilson 1996 (1989) 22 http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/womenweb/st/98/st_welfare.htm (27/4/2002) 26
(1993) 1990 (1991) (1995) 2.3.2 1985 27
28 1995 (1995) (1995) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
2.3.3 1988 1995 1993 29
3.1 (1) (2) 3.1 30
3.1 77 23 24 3.1.1 1996 1997 1997 5 1999 4 1999 9 1999 10 2000 5 1998 23 (2000) (2000) 24 31
2001 62 5,269 1998 0-3 1999 4 3-6 3-6 921 2000 5 6-12 6-12 1998 9 6-12 1997 12 2000 11 2002 3.1 300 2002 3 3.2 3.3 32
3.1 3. 1. 2. EQ DIY 1. 1. 0-5 2. 2. 0-5 3. 1. 2. 3. (2002.4) 1. 2. 3. 3.2 3,482 1,808 517 5,314 2,627 1,566 1,083 1,776 1,311 943 594 1,617 7,420 4,317 2,194 8,707 (2002.4) 33
3.3 2,732 1,462 919 3,371 1,099 598 396 1,243 90 37 25 62 1,005 698 292 1,792 27 21 6 9 780 505 138 710 302 232 81 154 1,385 764 337 1,366 7,420 4,317 2,194 8,707 (2002.4) 3.1.2 1987 1989 3 1989 1991 34
1990 25 1993 26 2001 11 3.1.3 1990 8 25 1965 Setagaya 1991.4 26 1993 1994 35
54 386 1991 10 1993 12 1995 1997 1998 1997 1999 6 10 2001 36
3.1.4 1990 9 1996 ( 1-10) 1997 1998 ( ) 37
3.1.5 1989 1992 9 15 1993 5 12,000 1993 11 2000 38
39 3.2 Bainbridge (1989) 1994 1.
1990 1997 1996 1999 1988 1992-1996 1989 1987 1999-2000 40
2001 1990 1990 1991 1997 1988 1993 2. 3.4 2 41
3.4 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 3. 2002 3 11 4 6 3.5 3.5 2002.3.11 2002.3.13 2002.3.14 2002.3.15 2002.3.24 2002.3.26 2002.4.04 42
3.5 2002.4.04 2002.4.05 2002.4.05 2002.4.06 4C 3.3 1. (1) (2) (3) 70~80 2. 3 (1) 3.6 (2) 43
(3) 18 3.6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 44
3. 2002 4 15 5 15 545 410 3.7 75 % SPSS10.0 3.7 30 10 8 75 100 22 105 110 30 68 97 23 4 2 50 25 16 70 29 57 46 3 97 100 84 3 10 35 48 48 1 24 25 15 61 206 248 545 410 30 45
4.1 1. 1980 1-1 1-8 46
1-3 1-11 1-2 47
1-6 2. 1-10 1980 48
1994 78 1-6 1-9 1-8 Miller (1976) 49
1-7 1-2 3. 1995 1-4 1-11 50
1-3 4.2 4.2.1 2001 89 27 55.9 55 2.9 18 8.3 50.8% 17.3 11 27 51
1-5 1-1) 12 79 1-8 79 82 86 1-10 52
1-2 4.2.2 1. 1-1 1-4 1-7 1-11 53
1-5 1-6 2. 1-6 54
1-5 1-11 4.3 4.3.1 55
1. 1989 (1989) 1-8 56
1-11 1-5 1-9 1-10 57
1-8 1-10 2. 89 15 64 84 1 24.4% 1-7 1-8 58
1-4 1-4 1-9 1-11 59
1-5 1-6 1-7 1-9 1-3 60
EQ 1-3 1-11 1-10) 1-8 61
1-6 1-7 1-9 3. 1-10 62
7:00 7:30 11:30 12:00 13:00 13:30 15:30 16:00 1-5 1-8 63
1-3 4. (2000) 35-44 12-18 (1992) 40-49 4.3.2 1. 64
(1) 1-10 1-9 1-7 65
1-11 1-3 1-7 2. 1-6 66
1-11 1-2 1-3 1-4 3. 67
community 1-5 1997 1-1 1-2 1-5 68
1-7 1-1 1-11 1-1 30~50 1-8 1997 69
1-3 1-10 4.4 1. 1-4 1-5 126 70
30 30 2. 1-7 1-10 71
1-5 1-11 3. 1-2 1-7 72
1-9 1-2 1-10 73
1-7 1-8 1-11 1-5 1-10 74
5.1 5.1.1 (1) (2) (3) 545 410 135 384 70% 5.1 1. 384 41 50 45.8% 31 40 32.8% 31-50 2. 384 57.3% 38.5% 3. 384 343 89.3% 7.6% 4. 18 384 2 41.2% 24.7% 18 75.3% 18 5. 384 45.3% 39.3% 84.6% 75
6. 384 54.9% 28.3% 65.3% 7. 384 5~7 119 31% 3~5 26.6% 7 70.4% 8. 384 78.4% 72.7% 9. 384 6 38.8% 5 16.9% 10. 384 46.4% 39.1% 5.1 (%) 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 31 126 176 51 8.1 32.8 45.8 13.3 148 16 220 38.5 4.2 57.3 29 343 12 7.6 89.3 3.1 76
5.1 (%) 18 1 2 3 4 5 87 83 145 35 1 1 24.7 23.6 41.2 9.9 0.3 0.3 23 26 151 174 10 6.0 6.8 39.3 45.3 2.6 3 3-5 5-7 7-10 10 6 6-1 1-2 2-5 5 5 16 98 190 36 49 102 119 71 43 301 128 279 147 149 46 62 62 65 56 150 178 1.4 4.6 28.3 54.9 10.4 12.8 26.6 31 18.5 11.2 78.4 33.3 72.7 38.3 38.8 12.0 16.1 16.1 16.9 14.6 39.1 46.4 77
5.1.2 41.8% 29% 5.2 4.6% 9.8% 5.2 47 139 200 71 22 (%) 9.8 29 41.8 14.8 4.6 344 39.1% 28.6% 5.3 8.9% 9.3% 5.3 71 228 311 112 74 (%) 8.9 28.6 39.1 14.1 9.3 373 78
26.3% 21.3% 5.4 8.7% 17.4% 5.4 136 205 166 205 68 (%) 17.4 26.3 21.3 26.3 8.7 377 4. 33.1% 22.8% 5.5 8.9% 4.4% 6.7% 28 5.5 49 140 27 41 203 105 48 (%) 8.9 22.8 4.4 6.7 33.1 17.1 7.8 379 28 79
5. 25.6% 19.8% 5.6 14.5% 12.5% 15% 5.6 104 257 125 150 113 199 14 (%) 14.5 25.6 12.5 15 11.3 19.8 1.4 372 5.2 (community) 0.5 5.7 Cronbach Alpha 0.7962 8 5.8 5.7 (community) 0.767 0.892 80
5.8 5 0.7096 3 0.7499 8 0.7962 5.2.1 1. 57.6% 37.5% 5.9 95.1% 2. 57% 41.4% 5.9 98.4% 3. 49% 48.4% 5.9 97.4% 4. 32% 13.5% 5.9 5. 81
56.8% 37% 5.9 93.8% 6. 53.6% 41.9% 5.9 7. 52.9% 39.6% 5.9 8. 51.3% 32% 5.9 82
5.9 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 4.32 3 16 221 144 0.59 0.8 4.2 57.6 37.5 4.55 6 159 219 0.53 1.6 41.4 57.0 4.46 10 186 188 0.55 2.6 48.4 49 3.34 9 77 123 123 52 1.02 2.3 20.1 32 32 13.5 4.30 3 21 218 142 0.61 0.8 5.5 56.8 37 4.38 17 206 161 0.57 4.4 53.6 41.9 4.30 6 23 203 152 0.65 1.6 6.0 52.9 39.6 4.12 13 51 197 123 0.76 3.4 13.3 51.3 32 384 5.2.2 P 83
1. 5.10 29 41-50 21-30 30 31-40 21-30 21-30 41-50 20-31 31-40 21-30 5.10 F p 21-30 1 31-40 2 41-50 3 51-60 4 4.06 4.27 4.19 4.13 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.46 2.912 0.034 3 1 21-30 1 31-40 2 41-50 3 51-60 4 4.02 4.35 4.24 4.31 0.61 0.50 0.54 0.56 3.342 0.019 2 1 p 0.05 29 30 84
2. 5.11 6 6-1 1-2 5 6 6-1 6 6 5 6 5.11 F p 6 1 6-1 2 1-2 3 2-5 4 5 5 6 1 6-1 2 1-2 3 2-5 4 5 5 p 0.05 4.34 4.02 4.15 4.19 4.04 4.35 4.07 4.26 4.27 4.22 0.43 0.50 0.42 0.50 0.46 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.57 0.58 7.502 0.000 1 2 1 3 1 5 2.444 0.046 1 2 3. 5.12 85
5.12 F p 1.4.16 2 4.08 3 4.31 1 4.35 2 4.18 3 4.31 p 0.05 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.52 0.55 0.54 10.287 0.000 3 2 2.927 0.055 86
6.1 6.1.1 1987 1997 6.1 6.1 1987 1997 87
6.2 6.2 88
6.1.2 89
6.1.3 6.2 6.2.1 1. 90
2. 3. 4. 5. 91
6.2.2 1. 2. 3. 92
4. 5. 93
6.3 1. 2. 94
1. (2000) 2. (1996) 3. (1997) 4. (1992) 54,36-76 5. (1996) -- 6. (1996) 7. (1989) 8. (2001) 223. http:// www.awakening.org.tw/ (2002/4/22) 9. (2000) 10. (1995) 71:1-5 11. (1995) 90:1-3 12. (1989) 13. (1998) 4:22-23. 95
14. (1995) 75 (113):27-30 15. (1998) 46:3-6 16. (1994) 17. (1995) Abbott, P. & Wallace, C. (1990), An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives, 18. (1996) 19. (1994) 7(2):25-35 20. (1989) 21. (1995) - 1995 22. (1993) 23. (1996) Almond, G. A. & Verba, S. (1989), The civic culture : political attitudes and democracy in five nations, 24. (1991) 25. (1995) 26. (1995) 27. (1996) -- 96
OURS 28. (1992) 24:95-128 29. (1989) 30. (1988) 31. (1995) 71:72-80 32. (1998) 33. (1989) 34. (1989) 35. (1992) 36. (1999) 37. (2000) 38. (1993) Osbome, D. & Gaebler, T. (1992), Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector, 39. (1985) 40. (1989) 41. (1991) 97
72:183-222 42. (1999) 43. (1984) 28:83-89 44. (1998) 45. (2001) 1. Bainbridge, W. S., (1989). Survey Research: A Computer-assistant Introduction. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 2. Cambrll, K. E. & B. A. Lee. (1992). Sources of Personal Neighbor Networks: Social Integration, Need or Time? Social Force 70(4), 1077-1100. 3. Chodorow, N. (1978). The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender, Berkeley: University of California Press. 4. Clarke, S. E., L.A. Staeheli & L. Brunell (1995). Woman Redefining Local Politica, in D. judge, G. Stoker & H. Wolman eds. Theories of Urban Politics, Thousand Oaks Sage. 5. Connor, D. M. (1988). A New Ladder of Citizen Participation, National Civic Review, 77 (3), 249-257. 6. Ferree, M. M. (1991). The Gender Division of Labor in Two-Earner Marriages: Dimensions of Variavility and Change, J. of Family Issues, 12(2), 158-180. 7. Firestone, S. (1970). The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist 98
Revolution, New York: Bantam Books. 8. Glenn, E. N. (1994). Social Constructions of Mothering a Thematic Overview, Mothering: Ideology Experience and Agency, New York: Routledge Press. 9. Kweit, M. G. & Kweit, R. W., (1981). Implementing Citizen Participation in a Bureaucratic Society: A Contingency Approach, New York: Praeger Publishers. 10. Miller, Jean Baker (1976). Toward A New Psychology of Women, 1997 11. Oakley, A. (1974). The Sociology of Housework, London: Martin Robertson. 12. Osboren D. & Gaebler T., (1993). Reinventing Government, N.Y.: A Plume Book. 13. Rich, Adrienn (1986). Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution, New York: Norton. 14. Welldon, E.V. (1988). Mother Madonna Whore: the Idealization and Denigration of Motherhood, London: Free Association Books. 99
1-1 2002.4.5. 1990 (1992) 1990 1998 1997 1999 5 921 100
. : 1992 call in 101
1989 102
run 103
1-2. 2002.4.5 104
. : 0~3 3~6 6~12 105
1% DM 106
7-11 107
1-3 2002.3.26. 77 85 85 108
EQ 86 109
88 3 8. 85 110
111
1-4 2002.3.14. : 112
. : : : 113
114
1-5 2002.3.24. 1988 1991 1992 1996 2001 1998 2000 115
116
117. DIY 2001 ( ) 1990
1997 30 30 77 118
119
126 120
? community 121
1-6 2002.4.4. 78 ( ) : 122
: : 123
. know how 124
125
1-7 2002.4.6. 4C 1987 1987 7 126
30 127
1988 1989 3 365 365 128
89 3 5 90 91 1997 129
. 130
4 7 8 131
600 132
? 133
1-8 2002.3.15. 134
12 79 79 81 135
136
. 30 30~50 30 6 137
?? 138
139
1-9 2002.3.11. -- 140
80 10. 141
142
143
82 10 26 85 3 5 6 578 921 144
1-10. 2002.3.13 145
146
79 82 85 86 80 82 (1) (2) (3) 147
? 148
149
600 7:00 7:30 11:30 12:00 13:00 13:30 15:30 16:00 150
. 2-3 151
30~40 90 152
153
20 5,000 154
155
1-11 2002.4.4. 77 921 156
. 80% 157
82 158
40 30 159
80 160
161
2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1~6 / 6~12 /?? 5.? 6.? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.? 6. 7. 8. 162
3 (07) 3373062 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 7.. 8.. 9.. 10.. 11.. 163
1. 6 6-1 1-2 2-5 5 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 164
1. 20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61 2. 18 5. 6. 7. 3 3-5 5-7 7-10 10 8. 165