091-301020400G1-006
...i... ii...1...3...5...5...10...15...16...17...25 i
1...17 2...18 ii
1...19 2 0 99 20 3...21 4...22 5...23 6...24 iii
There are only larger scale land use data available in the YuSheng watershed area. In order to facilitate the design of ecological corridor, small scale data of vegetation cover, undergrowth vegetation, and human disturbances types and frequencies are needed. Field survey were carried out in this project based on current large scale land use pattern. Survey result will be used to delineated the watershed into detailed land use area. Habitat suitability index will be evaluated according to the land use types, human disturbance and chosen focus wildlife species. Recommendations of ecological corridor design will then be drafted based on result of model simulations as well as on current natural forested vegetation structure. Key Words: ecological corridor, scale, national park, small scale survey iv
1
2
1) 2) 3) 3
4
10.5 1 1800-2000 35 46 47 50 1 2 1 http://life.nthu.edu.tw/~labtcs/salmon/topo_map/yousheng_riv.htm. 20020502. 2 http://wagner.zo.ntu.edu.tw/protect/chija/chija.htm. 20020502 5
1999 166 78.52 ( 3) 47 49 53 ( 1982) 62 8 9 6
87 2 3,483 95.9 88 3 20 4 75-90 3 http://www.vac.gov.tw/dept4/newvac/topic1/topic11.html. 20020501 7
90 2 8
20 6 7 9 10 10 2 (3) 40 5 9
1800-2800 ( 1999) 79 3000 1800 98% 900 10% 2 6 83 238 10
1. 2-3 3 10 2. 7 79 3. - - 10-60cm 15-30m 11
38 10 (2) 1. 40m 2.5m 2. ( 40m) 12
20m 3. 13
14
62 15
2002 2002 ( ) (1982) 11 : 1-14 (1975) 16
(ha) 1530.99 2893 351.20 2895 135.11 3800 93.92 3810 82.36 2116 75.95 1600 72.72 3834 55.61 3861 45.36 3496 17
ha % 1477.2 49.06 296.9 9.86 99.5 3.30 5.3 0.18 4.5 0.15 802.2 26.64 2.3 0.08 0.5 0.02 33.0 1.10 1.3 0.04 14.7 0.49 5.6 0.19 38.1 1.26 7.0 0.23 45.7 1.52 18.4 0.61 158.8 5.27 18
1 19
2 0 99 20
3 21
4 22
5 23
6 24
1. Pteridophyte 1. Adiantaceae 1. Coniogramme intermedia Hieron. 2. Athyriaceae 2. Athyrium arisanense (Hayata) Tagawa 3. Athyrium iseanum Rosenst 4. Athyrium oppositipinnum Hayata 5. Athyrium vidalii (Fr. & Sav.) Nakai 6. Cornopteris fluvialis (Hayata) Tagawa 7. Diplazium amamianum Tagawa 8. Diplazium kawakamii Hayata 3. Blechnaceae 9. Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai 4. Dennstaedtiaceae 25
10. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. wightianum (Wall.) Shieh 5. Dryopteridaceae 11. Arachniodes rhomboides (Wall.) Ching 12. Cyrtomium caryotideum (Wall.) Presl 13. Dryopteris atrata (Wall.) Ching 14. Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar ex Schinz & Thell. 15. Dryopteris formosana (Christ) C. Chr. 16. Dryopteris labordei (Christ) C. Chr. 17. Dryopteris lepidopoda Hayata 19. Dryopteris sordidipes Tagawa 20. Dryopteris varia (L.) Ktze. 21. Peranema cyatheoides Don 22. Polystichum lepidocaulon (Hook.) J. Sm. 23. Polystichum stenophyllum Christ 6. Equisetaceae 24. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. 7. Gleicheniaceae 25. Diplopterygium glaucum (Houtt.) Nakai 26
8. Osmundaceae 26. Osmunda japonica Thunb. 9. Plagiogyriaceae 27. Plagiogyria euphlebia (Kunze) Mett. 28. Plagiogyria formosana Makai 10. Polypodiaceae 29. Crypsinus quasidivaricatus (Hayata) Copel. 30. Microsorium buergerianum (Miq.) Ching 31. Microsorium fortunei (Moore) Ching 32. Microsorium punctatum (L.) Copel. 33. Neocheiropteris ensata (Thunb.) Ching 34. Pyrrosia sheareri (Bak.) Ching 11. Pteridaceae 35. Onychium contiguum (Wall.) Hope 36. Pteris cretica L. 12. Thelypteridaceae 27
37. Thelypteris esquirolii (Christ) Ching 2. Gymnosperm 13. Cephalotaxaceae 38. Cephalotaxus wilsoniana Hayata 14. Cupressaceae 39. Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. 15. Pinaceae 40. Picea morrisonicola Hayata 41. Pinus armandii Franch. var. masteriana Hayata 42. Pinus taiwanensis Hayata 43. Pseudotsuga wilsoniana Hayata 44. Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritz. ex Diels var. formosana (Hayata) Li & Keng 16. Taxodiaceae 45. Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don 46. Cunninghamia konishii Hayata 47. Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata 28
3. Dicotyledon 17. Acanthaceae 48. Strobilanthes rankanensis Hayata 18. Aceraceae 49. Acer albopurpurascens Hayata 50. Acer kawakamii Koidz. 51. Acer morrisonense Hayata 52. Acer palmatum Thunb. var. pubescens Li 53. Acer serrulatum Hayata 19. Actinidiaceae 54. Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. setosa Li 20. Anacardiaceae 55. Rhus ambigua Lav. ex Dipped. 21. Apiaceae 56. Hydrocotyle setulosa Hayata 29
22. Apocynaceae 57. Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lemaire 23. Araliaceae 58. Aralia bipinnata Blanco 59. Dendropanax dentiger (Harms ex Diels) Merr. 60. Fatsia polycarpa Hayata 61. Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean var. formosana (Nakai) Li 62. Sinopanax formosana (Hayata) Li 63. Tetrapanax papyriferus (Hook.) K. Koch 24. Aristolochiaceae 64. Aristolochia kaempferi Willd. 65. Aristolochia shimadai Hayata 66. Asarum hypogynum Hayata 25. Asteraceae 67. Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. 68. Ainsliaea latifolia (D. Don) Sch. Bip. subsp. henryi (Diels) H. Koyama 69. Artemisia indica Willd. 30
70. Aster taiwanensis Kitamura 71. Cirsium hosokawae Kitamura 72. Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. asiaticum Kitam. 73. Gnaphalium luteoalbum L. subsp. affine (D. Don) Koster 74. Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai 75. Lapsanastrum takasei (Sasaki) J. H. Pak & K. bremer 76. Ligularia kojimae Kitamura 77. Petasites formosanus Kitamura 78. Picris hieracioides L. subsp. morrisonensis (Hayata) Kitamura 79. Senecio nemorensis L. var. dentatus (Kitam.) H. Koyama 80. Senecio scandens Ham. ex D. Don var. scandens 81. Syneilesis subglabrata (Yamamoto & Sasaki) Kitamura 82. Youngia japonica (L.) DC. var. formosana (Hayata) Li 26. Berberidaceae 83. Mahonia oiwakensis Hayata 27. Betulaceae 84. Alnus formosana (Burk.) Makino 85. Carpinus kawakamii Hayata 31
28. Boraginaceae 86. Trigonotis elevato-venosa Hayata 87. Trigonotis formosana Hayata 29. Brassicaceae 88. Arabis morrisonensis Hayata 89. Cardamine flexuosa With. 30. Caprifoliaceae 90. Lonicera kawakamii (Hayata) Masamune 91. Sambucus chinensis Lindl. 92. Viburnum erosum Thunb. 93. Viburnum betulifolium Betal 94. Viburnum foetidum Wall. var. rectangulatum (Graebner) Rehder 95. Viburnum plicatum Thunb. var. formosanum Liu & Ou 96. Viburnum propinquum Hemsl. 31. Caryophyllaceae 97. Cerastium ianthes Will. 98. Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. 99. Stellaria arisanensis (Hayata) Hayata 32
100. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. 32. Celastraceae 101. Celastrus hindsii Benth. 102. Euonymus spraguei Hayata 33. Clusiaceae 103. Hypericum nokoense Ohwi 34. Coriariaceae 104. Coriaria japonica A. Gray ssp. intermedia (Matsum.) Huang & Huang 35. Cornaceae 105. Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. subsp. formosana (Kanehira & Sasaki) Hara & Kurosawa 106. Swida macrophylla (Wall.) Sojak 36. Cucurbitaceae 107. Thladiantha nudiflora Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl. 37. Elaeagnaceae 33
108. Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. 109. Elaeagnus thunbergii Serv. 110. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 38. Ericaceae 111. Gaultheria itoana Hayata 112. Gaultheria cumingiana Vidal 113. Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude var. ovalifolia 114. Pieris taiwanensis Hayata 115. Rhododendron ellipticum Maxim. 116. Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl. 117. Rhododendron noriakianum T. Suzuki 118. Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Hayata 119. Rhododendron rubropilosum Hayata 120. Vaccinium merrillianum Hayata 39. Fabaceae 121. Astragalus sinicus L. 122. Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench 40. Fagaceae 34
123. Cyclobalanopsis morii (Hayata) Schott. 124. Cyclobalanopsis stenophylla (Makino) Liao var. stenophylloides (Hayata) Liao 125. Pasania brevicaudata (Skan) Schott. 126. Pasania kawakamii (Hayata) Schott. 127. Pasania ternaticupula (Hayata) Schott. 128. Quercus tatakaensis Tomiya 129. Quercus variabilis Blume 41. Geraniaceae 130. Geranium robertianum L. 42. Gesneriaceae 131. Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim. var. pauciflorus 43. Hamamelidaceae 132. Liquidambar formosana Hance 133. Sycopsis sinensis Oliver 44. Juglandaceae 134. Juglans cathayensis Dode 35
135. Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc. 45. Lamiaceae 136. Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) Kuntze 137. Scutellaria indica L. 138. Scutellaria tashiroi Hayata 46. Lardizabalaceae 139. Stauntonia purpurea Y.C.Liu et F.Y.Lu 47. Lauraceae 140. Cinnamomum insularimontanum Hayata 141. Litsea mushaensis Hayata 142. Neolitsea acuminatissima (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki Lindera erythrocarpa Makino 48. Moraceae 143. Ficus erecta Thunb. var. beecheyana (Hook. & Arn.) King 49. Myricaceae 144. Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc. var. acuminata Nakai 36
50. Oleaceae 145. Jasminum urophyllum Hemsl. 146. Ligustrum morrisonense Kanehira & Sasaki 147. Ligustrum pricei Hayata 51. Onagraceae 148. Epilobium amurense Hausskn. 52. Pittosporaceae 149. Pittosporum illicioides Makino 53. Plantaginaceae 150. Plantago asiatica L. 54. Polygonaceae 151. Polygonum chinense L. 152. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. 153. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. var. hypoleucum (Ohwi) Liu, Ying & Lai 154. Polygonum senticosum (Meisn.) Fr. & Sav. 37
55. Pyrolaceae 155. Pyrola morrisonensis (Hayata) Hayata 56. Ranunculaceae 156. Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. 157. Ranunculus cheirophyllus Hayata Dichocarpum adiantifolium (Hook f. & Thoms.) W.T. Wang & Hsiao 57. Rhamnaceae 158. Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M. C. Johnst. var. taiwaniana (Masamume) Liu & Wang 58. Rosaceae 159. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke 160. Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai 161. Malus docmeri (Bois) Chev. 162. Photinia niitakayamensis Hayata 163. Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman 164. Prinsepia scandens Hayata 165. Prunus campanulata Maxim. 38
166. Prunus spinulosa Sieb et Zucc. 167. Prunus taiwaniana Hayata 168. Prunus transarisanensis Hayata 169. Rosa sambucina Koidz. 170. Rosa transmorrisonensis Hayata 171. Rubus buergeri Miq. 172. Rubus fraxinifoliolus Hayata 173. Rubus kawakamii Hayata 174. Rubus niveus Thunb. 175. Rubus pectinellus Maxim. 176. Rubus pungens Camb. 177. Rubus ritozanensis Sasaki 178. Rubus rolfei Vidal 179. Rubus sumatranus Miq. 180. Rubus taitoensis Hayata var. aculeatiflorus (Hayata) H. Ohashi & Hsieh 181. Rubus trianthus Focke 182. Spiraea formosana Hayata 59. Rubiaceae 183. Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. 184. Galium echinocarpum Hayata 39
185. Galium spurium L. var. echinospermum (Wall.) Hayek 186. Rubia lanceolata Hayata 60. Rutaceae 187. Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. Hartley 188. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. 189. Zanthoxylum simulans Hance 61. Salicaceae 190. Salix fulvopubescens Hayata 62. Saxifragaceae 191. Deutzia pulchra Vidal 192. Hydrangea aspera Don 193. Hydrangea integrifolia Hayata ex Matsum. & Hayata 194. Mitella formosana (Hayata) Masamune 195. Ribes formosanum Hayata 196. Schizophragma integrifolium Oliv. var. fauriei (Hayata) Hayata 63. Schisandraceae 197. Schisandra arisanensis Hayata 40
64. Scrophulariaceae 198. Ellisiophyllum pinnatum (Wall.) Makino 199. Mazus alpinus Masamune 200. Pedicularis verticillata L. 201. Veronica oligosperma Hayata 202. Veronica persica Poir. 65. Stachyuraceae 203. Stachyurus himalaicus Hook. f. & Thomson ex Benth. 66. Styracaceae 204. Styrax formosana Matsum. var. formosana 67. Symplocaceae 205. Symplocos arisanensis Hayata 68. Theaceae 206. Eurya loquaiana Dunn 207. Eurya leptophylla Hayata 41
69. Thymelaeaceae 208. Stellera formosana (Hayata) Li 70. Trochodendraceae 209. Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & Zucc. 71. Ulmaceae 210. Ulmus uyematsui Hayata 72. Urticaceae 211. Debregeasia edulis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. 212. Nanocnide japonica Blume 213. Pilea brevicornuta Hayata 214. Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. & Zucc. 73. Valerianaceae 215. Valeriana flaccidissima Maxim. 74. Verbenaceae 216. Callicarpa formosana Rolfe 217. Callicarpa randaiensis Hayata 42
218. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. 75. Violaceae 219. Viola adenothrix Hayata 76. Vitaceae 220. Tetrastigma umbellatum (Hemsl.) Nakai 4. Monocotyledon 77. Araceae 221. Arisaema consanguineum Schott 222. Arisaema taiwanense J. Murata var. taiwanense 78. Cyperaceae 223. Carex makinoensis Franch. 224. Carex morii Hayata 225. Carex sociata Boott 226. Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq. 79. Juncaceae 43
227. Juncus effusus L. var. decipiens Buchen. 80. Liliaceae 228. Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. 229. Daiswa bockiana (Diels) Takht. 230. Campylandra chinensis (Baker) M. N. Tamura 81. Orchidaceae 231. Cypripedium formosanum Hayata 82. Poaceae 232. Arundo formosana Hack. 233. Bromus catharticus Vahl. 234. Miscanthus sinensis Anders. 235. Poa nankoensis Ohwi 236. Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel. 237. Yushania niitakayamensis (Hayata) Keng f. 83. Smilacaceae 238. Smilax menispermoidea A. DC. subsp. randaiensis (Hayata) T. Koyama 44
291 100 03-8621100 037-996100
1009105222