* Abstract In the so-called Big Leap Forward period officials at the township level were sandwiched between higher authorities who held sway over their fate and the subordinates and the mass over whom they had uncontrolled power. As rational beings they knew they had to be yes-men to their superiors. However some of them were well aware of people s sufferings with a stricken conscience. Some ended up being punished for the errors committed by their superiors as well as themselves. In the final analysis it is the administrative system which is to blame and the township officials were but sacrifices for such a system. Keywords the Big Leap Forward township officials administrative system 1966 2 7 1963 1 1964 1 1964 5 1964 5 14 42 1966 2 1 98
1956 1958 47.19% 35 36.60% ~ 45 74.22% 3.9% 14.46% 81.64% 99
2010/09 1966 輥輯訛 100
1949 1 2 1 2 101
2010/09 1 1958 1958 44 32 輥輰訛 輥輱訛 1958 1 8 1961 輥輲訛 1960 1980 輥輳訛 1958 700 輥輴訛 20 80 輥輵訛 102
1.8 1.1 5 輥輶訛 1.9 1961 1963 5 1981 8 1981 9 輥輷訛 5 輦輮訛 1960 15.8% 輦輯訛 10 8 1 1 6 3 輦輰訛 1958 8 103
2010/09 輦輱訛 輦輲訛 輦輳訛 1957 9 3 1 1 1 輦輴訛 1958 400 1959 輦輵訛 1958 輦輶訛 1 3000 ~ 4000 輦輷訛 1959 1 輧輮訛 1958 9 250 輧輯訛 輧輰訛 1958 96 260 260 96 5067 輧輱訛 GDP 20 90 104
1957 3.7 4.3 3.7 2.92 輧輲訛 1958 4.1 3.5 2.2 2.1 輧輳訛 1959 1959 10 1961 輧輴訛 1958 10 輧輵訛 輧輶訛 17 輧輷訛 600 輨輮訛 1 105
2010/09 輨輯訛 輨輰訛 1956 30 1959 輨輱訛 20 80 輨輲訛 1959 2 輨輳訛 1958 300 6 11 11 1959 4 1964 1984 3 1962 1984 輨輴訛 輨輵訛 106
1958 1981 3 輨輶訛 輨輷訛 輩輮訛 1962 輩輯訛 1959 輩輰訛 輩輱訛 1960 4 40 輩輲訛 1959 1800 輩輳訛 107
2010/09 500 1959 1960 10 1962 500 輩輴訛 1961 3 20 輩輵訛 70 1960 輩輶訛 輩輷訛 輪輮訛 1959 2 3 1960 2 輪輯訛 1 1958 ~ 1961 2 26785 56700 輪輰訛 1. 1959 6566 4973 75.73% 60 1959 1960 12 1801 793 108
1 1957 ~ 1963 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 18 33 31 55 44 27 8 19 37 14 16 25 15 9 1 98 48 2 1 2 1957 ~ 1963 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1 1 1 2 1960 1962 3 1960 4 1960 1992 2605 8518 輪輱訛 輪輲訛 109
2010/09 1960 輪輳訛 輪輴訛 10 1979 輪輵訛 1959 1.99 8.46 1959 11 1960 1958 24.4 1960 18.2 6.2 1960 6 1960 4 30 8 30 1983 輪輶訛 1959 11.51 42 11 7 1 173 輪輷訛 1959 1960 137.07 82.11 輫輮訛 1983 輫輯訛 1958 1823 1345 輫輰訛 1961 1 1984 輫輱訛 1960 12 輫輲訛 1960 12 3 輫輳訛 2. 1958 1958 8 1 1650 1503 110
333 147 輫輴訛 1504 1357 272 輫輵訛 1981 8 2 ~ 3 2 輫輶訛 輫輷訛 5 1981 輬輮訛 1959 12 1960 12 輬輯訛 1960 3 17 3 1962 2 輬輰訛 輬輱訛 輬輲訛 3. 輬輳訛 1506 13 10 輬輴訛 1961 1981 輬輵訛 1958 1 7 149 91 240 548 9 輬輶訛 1960 5 5 1 輬輷訛 1960 3 1 輭輮訛 1960 8600 1.7% 輭輯訛 111
2010/09 輭輰訛 1959 2500 5650 1200 1960 1 ~ 3 5000 6000 10000 3 輭輱訛 1985 輭輲訛 輭輳訛 輭輴訛 1959 10 5860 1115 471 611 3450 輭輵訛 1961 1962 1981 輭輶訛 1962 1958 112
1959 5 5000 1960 6 1960 11 22 4 3 1977 10 輭輷訛 1980 1 觼訆訑訛 1961 1959 ~ 1961 15468 1955 ~ 1957 1 417 76 16449 7 觼訆訒訛 1958 12 1959 12 26349 1960 12 觼訆訓訛 1960 9 2 4 3 觼訆訔訛 9 5 4 3 觼訆訕訛 1956 1 觼訆訖訛 1957 11 觼訆託訛 1961 113
2010/09 6 觼訆記訛 * 211 1990 125 1999 766 2009 5 1977 325 ~ 326 1 2000 1421 1423 1425 2006 52 2002 76 2002 25 137 1981 172 輥輯訛 2005 48 ~ 52 輥輰訛 1998 513 輥輱訛 1994 10 輥輲訛 1999 39 輥輳訛 2007 141 114
輥輴訛 2007 1 輥輵訛 輥輶訛 13 1998 212 輥輷訛 1998 347 輦輮訛 1961 2001 12 ~ 13 輦輯訛 1998 473 輦輰訛 1995 58 輦輱訛 1994 62 輦輲訛 1998 93 輦輳訛 1995 5 輦輴訛 1990 308 ~ 309 輦輵訛 2006 192 輦輶訛 1994 126 輦輷訛 50 1949 1999 1999 233 輧輮訛 1997 401 輧輯訛 2006 463 輧輰訛 2009 3 輧輱訛 13 2002 232 輧輲訛 1995 33 輧輳訛 1993 297 輧輴訛 1991 303 輧輵訛 1994 33 輧輶訛 1959 1961 1996 41 輧輷訛 19 2000 84 ~ 85 輨輮訛 輥輰訛 輨輯訛 19 121 ~ 125 輨輰訛 60 3 1997 輨輱訛 1994 417 輨輲訛 11 115
2010/09 1992 輨輳訛 1992 30 輨輴訛 1992 22 輨輵訛 17 2001 217 輨輶訛 2007 87 輨輷訛 1996 48 輩輮訛 2007 2 輩輯訛 10 2000 輩輰訛 2000 690 輩輱訛 519 輩輲訛 2005 76 輩輳訛 1995 127 輩輴訛 輥輴訛 輩輵訛 1994 30 輩輶訛 2008 145 輩輷訛 1994 148 輪輮訛 2007 3 輪輯訛 1994 262 輪輰訛 11 1998 229 ~ 230 輪輱訛 21 1998 輪輲訛 21 輪輳訛 輦輳訛 輪輴訛 534 輪輵訛 1991 111 ~ 112 輪輶訛 1993 33 輪輷訛 1991 31 輫輮訛 1950 1987 1989 590 輫輯訛 1989 510 輫輰訛 2004 254 輫輱訛 1987 278 輫輲訛 2004 103 116
輫輳訛 1991 31 輫輴訛 1998 153 輫輵訛 1989 384 輫輶訛 2002 2003 352 輫輷訛 1987 41 輬輮訛 1993 38 輬輯訛 2001 37 輬輰訛 輨輱訛 417 ~ 418 輬輱訛 2008 10 輬輲訛 輫輶訛 351 輬輳訛 1996 39 輬輴訛 1960 19 2000 143 ~ 145 輬輵訛 1948 1983 1987 206 輬輶訛 1 2006 126 輬輷訛 1994 56 輭輮訛 1992 19 輭輯訛 1994 25 輭輰訛 1999 518 輭輱訛 2002 173 ~ 179 輭輲訛 1985 1 18 40 1997 110 輭輳訛 40 182 輭輴訛 184 輭輵訛 1989 18 輭輶訛 輭輳訛 213 ~ 214 輭輷訛 輦輳訛 117
2010/09 觼訆訑訛 1993 49 觼訆訒訛 1991 212 觼訆訓訛 1992 37 ~ 38 觼訆訔訛 輪輱訛 觼訆訕訛 輦輳訛 觼訆訖訛 1957 4 16 觼訆託訛 6 2006 172 ~ 173 觼訆記訛 1998 300 118