DDTBHC () (endocrine disrupting chemicals) (estrogenic) (antiandrogenic) 1
(demasculinization) (ferminization) (defeminization) (masculinization) ( 2000) 60 48 68 70 ( 1)( 2000) (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) 1998 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. ( 2000) 2
1 1 Dioxins and furans 呋 2 Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) 3 Polybromobiphenyl (PBB) 4 Hexachlorobenzene 5 Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 6 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) 7 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4- (2,4-d* 8 Amitrole 9 Atrazine 10 Alachlor 11 Simazine (CAT) 12 Hexachlorocyclohexane 13 Carbaryl 14 Chlordane 15 Oxychlordane 16 Trans-Nonachlor 17 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) 18 DDT 19 DDD and DDE 20 Dicofol 蟎 21 Aldrin 22 Endrin 23 Dieldrin 24 Endosulfan 25 Heptachlor 26 Heptachlor epoxide 27 Malathion 28 Methomyl 29 Methoxychlor 30 Mirex 31 Nitrofen 32 Toxaphene 33 Tributyltin 34 Triphenyltin 35 Trifluralin 3
1 () 36 Alkyl phenol (from C5 to C9)-Nonylphenol, Octyl phenol - 37 Bisphenol A A 38 Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (2- ) 39 Butyl benzyl phthalate 40 Di-n-butyl phthalate 41 Dicyclohexyl phthalate 42 Diethyl phthalate 43 Benzo(a)pyrene 44 Dichlorophenol 45 Diethylhexyl adipate (2- ) 46 Benzophenone 47 4-Nitrotoluene 4-48 Octachlorostyrene 49 Aldicarb 50 Benomyl 51 Kepone (Chlordecone) 52 Mancozeb 53 Manzeb 54 Metiram 55 Metribuzin 56 Cypermethrin 57 Esfenvalerate 58 Fenvalerate 59 Permethrin 60 Vincozolin 61 Zineb 62 Ziram 63 Dipentyl phthalate 64 Dihexyl phthalate 4
1 () 65 Dipropyl phthalate 66 Styrenes 67 n-butylbenzene n- 68 Cadmium 69 Lead 70 Mercury 5
() (Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs) (United Nation Environment Programe, UNEP) (Endrin) (DDT) (Heptachlor) (Aldrin) (Dieldrin) (Toxaphene) (Chlordane) (Mirex)(Hexachlorobenzene) (PCBs) (Dioxins) 呋 (Furans) 12 呋 9 2 3 12 1974 (1994) 204 4 58 28.4% ( ) 59% : (21%) (19%) (14%)(4%) ( ) (3%) (1%) (0-15 ) DDE 5.82g/kg 3.54 g/kg 6 2g/kg 6
2 () 1.0 1.0 5.5 2.7 11 0.7 2.7 8.2 >0.5 Augustijn-Beckers et al., 1994; Wauchope, et al., 1992; Haque and Freed, 1975. 3 LD50 ( /, ) a 38-67 3 b 367-515 2B c 113 2B 37-87 3 -- 1 d 7-15 3 呋 -- 2B 147-220 2B 4,000 2B 306 2B 1,295 2A e (Aroclor1254) 69 2B a Farm Chemicals Handbook, 1997. b c d e 7
a 4 (0-15 ) (15-30 ) (g/kg) (g/kg) (g/kg) (g/kg) 13 1.88 ND 2) -49.5 14 0.80 ND-19.1 18 0.30 ND-3.64 19 0.33 ND-5.47 60 5.82 ND-149 58 3.54 ND-32.6 0 ND ND 2 0.06 ND-3.51 8 0.12 ND-3.14 2 0.02 ND-1.89 3 0.10 ND-4.23 4 0.17 ND-7.87 5 0.12 ND-4.14 1 0.01 ND-1.41 24 1.10 ND-24.9 17 0.43 ND-12.3 a 204 b ND = ( 2000)12 10 - 呋 () 呋 1-8 75 (Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins) PCDDs 呋 8
(Polychlorinated dibenzofurans)pcdfs 1-8 135 210 ( 呋 1) 2,3,7,8-TCDD LD50 0.0006 / ( 1997) Clx Cly O Clx O Cly Clx O Cly 呋 1 呋 () ( 2,3,7,8-TCDD) ppt (10-12 ) (PCDDs) 9
() (Pentachlorophenol, PCP ) 2,4,5- (2,4,5-Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-TCP) 2000a) 1994 95% 850 1000 1,000 2 99.999% ( 2000a) 90 1~ 4 (10-12 )/ 60 240 1997 2,3,7,8-TCDD 10
() - (Agent Orange,2,4,5-2,4- (2,4-Dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid(2,4-d) ) ()1976 Seveso 1,2,4,5- (TCB) 2,4,5-15 37,000 2,3,7,8-TCDD 126pg/g 450pg/g( ) 56,000pg/g( )()1970 (Love canal) ()1999 5 1968 Yusho (Kanemi rice oil) () (1979 ) (0.1 ng-teq/nm 3 ) () (Best Available Control Technology, BACT) 11
2000a Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) PAHs (Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) PAHs 2-6 2 12
Naphthene Anthracene Phenanthrene Pyrene Beno[a]anthracene Chrysene Perylene Benzo[a]pyrene Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Benzo[ghi]perylene Coronene B. Acenaphthene Fluorene Acephenanthrylene Fluoranthene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Inendo[1,2,3,-cd]pyrene 13
PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene Benzofluoranthene Dibenzoanthracene Benzo(a)pyrene PAHs ChrysenePyrene Fluoranthene PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs PAHs ( 1997) (Genetically Modified Organism) GMO " " ( 2000) 1998 4 52%, 30%, 9% 9% 14
1 71% 28%( ) 3% 1% 1996 1998 15 5 10% 30 1997 33% ( 2000) (GMO) ( 2000) GMO GMO 1. GMO 2. GMO 3. 12 15 10 10 15
2000b 1997 03 2000a http://www.epa.gov.tw/j/dioxin/index.htm 2000b ENDS Daily 2000/7/14 http://www.epa.gov.tw/news/news00073.htm 1997 39:173-180 2000 21 - p. I-V 2000 p. 36-44 2000 p.114-144 16
2000 ( ) p. 12-29 2000 p.1-38 Augustijn-Beckers, P.W.M., A.G. Hornsby, and R.D. Wauchope. 1994. The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision-Making. II. Additional Compounds. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 123.137:1-82. Farm Chemicals Handbook. 1997. Meister Publishing Company. Willoughby, OH, USA. Haque, R., V.H. Freed. 1975. Environmental Dynamics of Pesticides. Plenum Press, New York and London. 387 pp. Wauchope, R.D., T.M. Buttler, A.G. Hornsby, P.W.M. Augustijn-Beckers, and J.P. Burt. 1992. The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision-Making. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 123. 17