1 Microbiology Course Introduction History and Scope of Microbiology Ching-Tsan Huang ( 黃慶璨 ) Office: Room 111, Agronomy Hall Tel: (02) 33664454 E-mail: cthuang@ntu.edu.tw
2 學生意見 1. 課程內容多, 應改成 3 學分 2. 一直換老師無法適應 3. 課程偏分生的部分較難, 不易理解 1. 學分及每週授課時數不調整 2. 每位老師授課時間儘量集中 3. 系未單獨開課的單元分配時數增加, 如微生物構造 (6-->8 小時 ) 及微生物個論 (12-->16 小時 ) 4. 系另開單獨課程的單元分配時數減少, 如微生物代謝 (6-->4 小時 ) 微生物分生及遺傳 (10-->8 小時 ) 病毒學及免疫學維持 4 小時 5. 其他應用微生物的單元以 4 小時為原則
Couse Design of Microbiology 3 Topics (h) Advanced Course Topics (h) Advanced Course Structure (6) Nutrient (2) Growth (2) Control (2) Metabolism (4) Microbial Metabolism (2) Genetics (2) Microbial Genetics (2) Molecular Biology (6) Molecular Biology (4) Viruses (4) Virology (2) Taxonomy (2) Bacteria (4) Fungi (6) Archaea (2) Protists (2) Ecology and Symbiosis (4) Pathogenicity & Microbial Disease Control (4) Applied Microbiology (6) Fundamental and application of biofilms (2) Immunology (3) Applied Microbiology (3) Economic Fungi (2)
4 學生意見 1. 上課進度可以再慢一點 2. 通識課程評分可否不要那麼嚴格 1. 會請授課老師注意 2. 微生物學為生技系專業課程, 非通識課程, 但可供非生命科學領域學生抵通識課程
5 評量 期中考 43% 期末考 57 (14+43) % 學期成績以各位老師試卷的原始分數計算, 並立即於 CEIBA 公布 學期成績調整僅適用 58,59(F)-->60(C-) 69(C+)-->70(B-) 79(B+)-->80(A-) 89(A)-->90(A+) 本學年成績將以百分制換算成等第制
6 Hint 1: Puzzle What you cannot see does not mean it does not exist. Hint 2: It relies on a special instrument to see it. The answer is
7 Assuming a bacterium is a sphere of 1 m in diameter, what is the maximal number of bacteria in 1 ml? What is the maximal number for the space of 1 cm 3 to hold the sphere of 1 m in diameter? A.10 3 B.10 6 C.10 9 D.10 12
8 What Is Microbiology? study of organisms too small to be clearly seen by the unaided eye (i.e., microorganisms) these organisms are relatively simple in their construction and lack highly differentiated cells and distinct tissues syllabus
9 Why Study Microbiology? Because of MICR RGANI$M$
10 Microorganisms Include Domain Bacteria: Prokaryotic cells Domain Archaea: Prokaryotic cells Domain Eukarya-Except for animals and plants Protists ( 原生生物 ): algae, protozo, slime molds, water molds Fungi: Yeasts (unicellular), molds (multicelluar) Viruses: Acellular
Figure 1.1 11
12 Timeline of Microbiology (1875-2000) website High Resolution
Figure 1.10 13
14 Microscopy 1908 1677 Antony van Leeuwenhoek first person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately 1882 Paul Ehrlich developed acid-fast stain 1884 Christian Gram developed Gram stain 1632-1723 1854-1915 1853-1938
15 Culture Methods 1905 1882 Robert Koch growth of bacteria on solid media 1887 R. J. Petri invented Petri dish 1843-1910
16 Germ Theory of Disease 1905 1860 Louis Pasteur first proof of germ theory of disease with B. anthracis ( 炭疽桿菌 ) discovery 1867 Joseph Lister practiced antiseptic surgery 1876 Robert Koch outlined Koch s postulates 1822-1895 1827-1912 1843-1910
17 Defense or Control of Microbes 1908 1945 1796 Edward Jenner first scientific small pox ( 天花 ) vaccination 1850 Ignaz Semmelweis advocated washing hands to stop the spread of disease 1867 Joseph Lister practiced antiseptic surgery 1885 Louis Pasteur first Rabies ( 狂犬病 ) vaccination 1910 Paul Ehrlich discovered cure for syphilis ( 梅毒 ) 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin 1749-1823 1818-1865 1827-1912 1822-1895 1854-1915 1881-1955
18 Environmental Microbiology 1889 Martinus Beijerinck pioneered the use of enrichment cultures and selective media 1890 Sergei Winogradsky studied soil microorganisms and discovered numerous interesting metabolic processes (e.g., nitrogen fixation) 1851-1931 1856-1953
19 Virology 1892 Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski discovered viruses 1899 Martinus Beijerinck recognized viral dependence on cells for reproduction 1864-1920 1851-1931
20 Immunology 1908 1901 1882 Elie Metchnikoff discovered bacteria-engulfing, phagocytic cells in the blood evidence for cellular immunity 1890 Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato developed antitoxins for diphtheria ( 白喉 ) and tetanus ( 破傷風 ) evidence for humoral immunity 1845-1916 1854-1917 1852-1931
21 Molecular Methods 1980 1993 1977 W. Gilbert & F. Sanger developed a method to sequence DNA 1983 Kary Mullis invented polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1995 TIGR (The Institute for Genomic Research) first microbial genomic sequence published (H. influenzae) 1932-1918- 1944-
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ( 幽門桿菌 ) and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease 22 Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren
23 Scope of Microbiology Basic microbiology: concerned with individual groups of microbes Taxonomy, microorganisms Microbial metabolism, genetics, molecular biology and ecology Applied microbiology: concerned with practical problems Disease-related (clinical microbiology) Soil, water and air (environmental microbiology) Food and industrial microbiology
24 The Future of Microbiology Infectious diseases New and improved industrial processes Microbial diversity and microbial ecology Biofilms Genome analysis Microbes as model systems Assessment of implications of new discoveries and technologies Systems microbiology