6 10 年度數數數

年路 91 年 10 1 1 2 89 (Driving Simulator, DS) 3D (ITS) 1 理 2 理 29

6 10 年度數數數 80 4729 3305 4308 81 3489 2717 2929 82 2696 2349 2115 83 3603 3094 2937 84 3528 3605 2933 85 3619 2990 2939 86 3162 2735 2428 87 2720 2507 2007 88 2487 2392 1636 89 3207 3388 1541 () 89 30

89 () % % % 664 20.7 677 19.98 202 13.11 521 16.25 582 17.18 339 22.00 361 11.26 398 11.75 274 17.78 347 1.08 385 11.36 106 6.88 211 6.58 223 6.58 109 7.07 209 6.52 189 6.29 79 5.11 202 6.3 206 6.08 32 2.08 171 5.33 175 5.16 73 4.74 146 4.55 153 4.51 67 4.35 138 4.3 148 4.37 71 4.61 106 3.3 106 3.13 89 5.78 () 62 1.93 71 2.09 61 3.95 35 1.09 35 1.04 2 0.13 26 0.8 32 0.94 35 2.26 8 0.25 8 0.24 2 0.13 3207 100 3388 100 1541 100 www.motc.gov.tw 89 31

; [ 87 ] 1. TCP/IP 2. 2D 3D 3. 4. 32

5. 6. IOWA IDS (IOWA Driving Simulator) ITS () 33

Kirk et al. (2000) 16-17 Roge et al. (2001) Verwey et al. (1999) game-like Tokunaga et al. (2000) subjective mental workloadsmwl a.b.c. d. () Dissanayake et al. (2001) stop sign Eccles et al. (2000) Huang et al. (2000) road diets 34

/ 23 2~42% Törnros (1998) 20 Oslo Ekeberg 3.25 3.65 3.5 3.65 3.25 3.75 1150 980 Sarvi (2001) 12 Van de Hulst et al. (1998) 35

Ranney et al. (1999) () ITS ITS Comte (2000) Intelligent Speed AdaptationISA ISA ISA 1. ISAin-car display 2. ISA 3. ITS Advanced Cruise-Assist HighwayAHS AHS Yokochi et al. (2000) AHS A Rural A Comte et al. (2000) 4 4 36

AHS 1.Variable Message Sign 2.in-car advice 3.speed limiter 4.transverse bars visual feedback 5.baseline 5 200 85 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 37

[ 84 ] 1995 Superscape VRT [ 85 ] Superscape VRT [ 86 ] [ 86 ] [ 88 ] 38

[ 88 ] -- [ 89 ] [ 90 ] 39

[ 88 ] - - () (ITS) 40

1. 875 2. 852 3. (VR) 866 4. 865 5. 886 6. 846 7. 8810 8. 897 9. 886 10. 283889353-378 11. 119012107-134 12. Comte, S. L. (2000) New system: new behaviour? Transportation Research Part F, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 95-111. 13. Comte, S.L. et al. (2000) Traditional and innovative speed-reducing measures for curves: an investigation of driver behaviour using a driving simulator, Safety Science, Vol. 36, pp. 137-150. 14. Dissanayake, S. et al. (2001) Effect of larger stop signs on older drivers, Presented at the Transportation Research Board 80 th Annual meeting. 15. Eccles, K. A. et al. (2000) Safety effects of fluorescent yellow warning signs at hazardous sites in daylight, Transportation Research Board Paper No.: 01-2236. 16. Goto, Y. et al. (1999) A prototype of smartways in ITS simulator, 6 th World Congress on ITS. 41

17. Huang, H. F. et al. (2000) Evaluation of lane reduction road diet measures on crashes and injuries, Transportation Research Board. 18. Kirk, A. and et al. (2001) Crash rates and traffic maneuvers of younger drivers, Transportation Research Board, 80 th Annual Meeting. 19. Roge, J. et al. (2001) Variations of the level of vigilance and of behavioural activities during simulated automobile driving, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 181-186. 20. Sarvi, M. et al. (2001) A study on freeway ramp merging phenomena in congested traffic simulation by traffic simulation combined with driving simulator, 8 th World Congress on ITS. 21. Tokunaga, R. A. et al. (2000) Cellular telephone conversation while driving effects on driver reaction time and subjective mental workload, Transportation Research Report 1724, pp. 1-6. 22. Törnros, J. (1998) Driving behaviour in a real and a simulated road tunnel-a validation study, Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp.497-503. 23. Törnros, J. (1999) Tranquillisers, hypnotics and car-driving, VTI rapport 425A. 24. Van de Hulst M. et al. (1998) Strategic adaptations to lack of preview in driving, Transportation Research Part F, Vol. 1, pp. 59-75. 25. Verwey, W. B. et al. (1999) Preventing drowsiness accidents by an alertness maintenance device, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 31, pp. 199-211. 42

6 10 年度 數 數 數