A 2006 2
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
1 : 2. 3. 4 5
1.1 1.1.1 1
1.1.1 2 CPU = + = CPU + =
1.1.1 3 : :
1.1.1 4 ROM
1.1.2 1 1946 6 John von Neumann
: (1) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) ( ) (PC) (?)
2
3 : ADD ADD AX BX
CPU
ALU IR PC R0 R1 CPU MM I/O I/O (1) PC MM MM
ALU IR PC R0 R1 CPU MM I/O I/O (2) MM MDR PC
ALU IR PC R0 R1 CPU MM I/O I/O (3) MM MDR CPU IR
4
1.2 1.2.1 ( ) 1 M6 L6 6 M5 L5 5 M4 L4 4 M3 L3 3 M2 L2 M1 L1 2 1 0 0
1.2 1 1.2.2 ( )
1.2.3
1.2.3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1.3 1.3.1
1.3 1.3.2 CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU
1.3 1.3.3 CPU I/O CPU
1.4 1. ENIAC 1946 (Electronic Numeirical Integrator And Calculator) 5000 / 28 170m 2 18800 1500 150KW
1.4 1. ENIAC 1946 (Electronic Numeirical Integrator And Calculator) 1) 2) 1) ; 2)
1.4 2. 1946 1959, / (IAS) 1959 1964, (IBM7094,CDC1604) 1964 1975 SSI MSI MIS, 1975 1990 LSI,VLSI DBMS 1990 ULSI/ ELSI / 3. 1971 1972 4 8 2000 / 1973 1977 8 10000 / 1978 1980 16 30000 / 1981 1995 32 50 / 1996 32-64 100 /
1.4 4 ( ) ( )
1.5 1 2 3 1Byte = 8 bit 1KB = 1024 B = 2 10 B (B -- Byte, b bit) 1MB = 1024KB = 2 20 B, 1GB = 2 30 B, 1TB = 2 40 B, 1PB = 2 50 B
4 (1) (2) CPU CPI (3) MIPS MFLOPS MIPS: Million Instructions Per Second MFLOPS: Million Floating-point Operations Per Second
1 : 2. 3. 4 5 P15 1-6
1 1. A. ENIAC B. EDVAC C. EDSAC D. UNIVAC 2. A. 1946 B. 1947 C. 1951 D. 1952 3. A. B. C. D. 4. A. B. C. D.
1 5. A. CPU B. CPU C. CPU D. CPU 6. CPU A. 8 B. 16 C. 32 D. CPU 7. bit A. B. C. D. 8. 1MB = A. 1000B. 1024C. 1000*1000D. 1024*1024 9. A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16
1 10. A. B. C. D. 11. CPU A. B. C. D. 12. CPU A. B. C. D. CPU 13. A. B. C. D.
1 14. A. B. C. D. 15. A. B. C. D. 16 A. RAM B. ROM C. D. Cache 17. A. B. C. D. 18. A. B. C. D.
1 1 2 / 3 4
1 1 2 3
1 1 2 3
AACCB DDDCD CCCBB DBD 1 2 3 4 1 2 CPU 3