BIBLID 0254-4466(2000)18:1 pp. 129-152 18 1 89 6 1625-1640 Heyns Pol 1624 17 * Ann Heylen Koen de Ridder ** Chinesen Tayouan 1640 129

130 1624 1662 1 17 2 3 4 1 1997.8 20 2 1623 1,000 1,500 BlusséL. and Roessingh, M.P.H. A Visit to the Past: Soulang, a Formosan Village anno 1623, Archipel ( 1984, nr. 27 ), p. 77. 3 1997 4 1660 Van Gelder, R. Het Oost-Indisch avontuur: Duitsers in dienst van de VOC (1600-1800). Nijmegen: SUN, 1997, pp. 53-56.

1625-1640 131 1. 1625 10% 1628 1632 5 Captain Sirobtdonne 6 Augustijn 1626 12 Augustijn Augustijn Captain Sirobtdonne Augustijn Augustijn 200 Augustijn Captain Sirobtdonne 7 5 1 1980 59-63 46 2 1996.5 15-34 6 128 1999.6 179-230 7 VOC 1093, folio 369, 372, 380. VOC

132 2. 8 Ziekentrooster Fiscaal Burgher 9 10 1639 60 3000 11 1625-1641 200 600 1636 475 12 1642 13 8 VOC 1093, folio 337, 357-361, 366-367, 374-376, 379-380. 9 VOC 1116, folio 322; VOC 1131, folio 308; Van der Chijs, J.A. Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811. Eerste deel: 1602-1642 ( s Hage: M. Nijhoff, 1885 ), pp. 279-281. 10 Banda 11 VOC 1094, folio 133; VOC 1101, folio 430; VOC 1105, folio 220-221; VOC 1131, folio 304; VOC 1131, folio; VOC 1140, folio 457. 12 Coolhaas, W. Ph. ed., Generale missiven van Gouverneurs-Generaal en Raden aan Heren XVII der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie ( s Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1960, Vol. I), pp. 519-521; Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia, Taiwan, 1629-1662 ( s-gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986, Vol. I), pp. 225-226. 13 VOC 1140, folio 328; VOC 1140, folio 370-373.

1625-1640 133 3. 14 1636 15 16 4 Reaal van achten 17 14 VOC 1093, folio 371; VOC 1094, folio 133; VOC 1105, folio 226; VOC 1113, folio 693; VOC 1113, folio 795. Groeneveldt, W.P. De Nederlanders in China. Eerste stuk: De eerste bemoeiingen om den handel in China en de vestiging in de Pescadores (1601-1624) ( s-gravenhage, 1898), p. 102. 15 Heyns, P. Deer Hunting in Dutch Formosa, Forthcoming publication in: Louvain Chinese Studies. 16 1646 12 1997 16 17 VOC 1131, folio 304-305.

134 1. 18 1602 19 1622 1624 8 26 20 2. Reduit Zeeburch Fort Zeelandia Stad Zeelandia 18 1602 Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie 1992 89 91 19 Klerk de Reus, G.C. Geschichtlicher Ueberblick der Administrativen, Rechtlichen und Finanziellen Entwicklung der Niederländisch-Ostindischen Compagnie, Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch genootschap van kunsten en wetenschappen, deel XLVII (Batavia: Albrecht & Rusche; s Hage: Nijhoff, 1894 ), pp. 9-10. 20 Heeres, J.E. Dagh-register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlandts-India, Anno 1624-1629 ( s-gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1896), pp. 141-144.

1625-1640 135 21 3. 1624 22 1625 1 25 Stad Provintia 1626 6 24 1633 23 24 21 VOC 1093, folio 346-347; Kees Zandvliet 1997 117 61 22 1625 8 14 60 1626 11 20 100 VOC 1085, folio 231; VOC 1093, folio 354-355, 363, 366, 380; VOC 1101, folio 429; VOC 1102, folio 529. 23 VOC 1085 folio 231; VOC 1093, folio 346-347, 370-371; VOC 1101, folio 368-369; VOC 1116, folio 319. 24 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia, Taiwan, 1692-1662, pp. 19, 23, 43, 44, 68-69, 77-78, 87-88, 90, 125-126.

136 25 1626 7 10 Wancan 26 Gerrit Frederixcsen de Witt 27 28 1620 Collegie van Schepenen 29 1644 12 6 Joctaij Chako 30 25 VOC 1113, folio 760; Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 172, 174-176. 26 Kees Zandvliet 128 27 VOC 1093, folio 371. 28 Tonio Andrada Andrada, T. Political Spectacle and Colonial Rule: The Landdag on Dutch Taiwan, 1629-1648, Itinerario, 21:3 1997, pp. 57-93. 29 Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), p. 60, 128. Hoetink, B. So Bing Kong: het eerste hoofd der Chineezen te Batavia, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, uitgegeven door het het Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië ( s- Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff 1917, Deel 73 ), pp. 344-415. 30 VOC 1149, folio 670-671.

1625-1640 137 31 1625 Reduit 1636 Reduit Vlissingen 32 1. 1626 12 16 120 Taccauja Tamsuij Orangie Taccauja Orangie 33 34 2. 31 VOC 1093, folio 372. 32 VOC 1093, folio 355, 360, 362, 368, 371, 378, 383 Kees Zandvliet 129 132 33 VOC 1093, folio 381. 34 VOC 1116, folio 319; Grothe, J.A. Archief voor de Geschiedenis der Oude Hollandse Zending (Utrecht: C, van Bentum, 1886, Vol. 3 ), pp. 86-87, 91, 105, 185-188.

138 1 1632 3 17 H. Brouwer 96 1617 Stadhouder Staten Generaal 80 35 2 1626 1630 8 5 1639 10 22 36 37 1630 8 5 38 1634 4 27 39 1633 40 35 80 Plakaatboek Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), pp. 28-52, 275-276. 36 VOC 1093, folio 372; VOC 1101, folio 431; VOC 1131, folio 819-831. 37 Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), p. 78, 589. 38 VOC 1101, folio 431-432. 39 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 169-170. 40 VOC 1113, folio 762.

1625-1640 139 41 3 1636 42 43 44 1. 45 1633 46 1633 1634 1635 3 47 48 1636 41 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 169-170; VOC 1120, folio 30. 42 VOC 1123, folio 791-792. 43 VOC 1123, folio 830. 44 17 17 Everts N. Indigenous Concepts of Marriage in 17th Century Sincan (Hsin-Kang) as Witnessed by the Dutch Ministers Georgius Candidius and Robertus Junius: A Note about Gender Relations on the Spot, International Conference on the Formosan Indigenous Peoples (Taipei: Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, 1999). 45 20 23 46 VOC 1116, folio 319. 47 46 48 38 1635 360 VOC 1116, folio 373.

140 5 6 49 50 51 52 1629 63 53 1634 1635 54 Hans Putmans 1635 2 20 400 55 1635 10 8 475 12 3 1636 56 1633 picol 57 1635 2 300 49 VOC 1120, folio 23; VOC 1120, folio 263. 50 VOC 1120, folio 307. 51 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 201. 52 VOC 1116, folio 319-320. 53 VOC 1116, folio 345. 54 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 200. 55 VOC 1116, folio 319-322; Grothe J.A. pp. 86-87. 56 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 226, 232; Coolhaas, W. Ph. pp. 519-521; Colenbrander, H.T. Dagh-register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlandts-India, Anno 1636 ( s-gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1899), p. 19. 57 1 picol picul ) = 100 1 ( catty ) = 16 tael Blussé 1 = 62.5 Shepherd 1 = 0.597 Blussé, L., W.E. Milde and Ts ao Yung-Ho, De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia, Taiwan, 1629-1662 (Den Haag: Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis, 1995, Vol. II (1641-1648)), p. 622; Blussé, L., Everts, N., Frech, E. The Formosan encounter: Notes on Formosa s Aboriginal Society A Selection of Documents from Dutch Archival Sources, 1623-1635 (Vol. I. Taipei: Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines, 1999), p. 308; Shepherd J.R. Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier 1600-1800 (Taipei: SCM, 1995), p. XVIII.

1625-1640 141 58 1639 1639 59 Jacoma 50,000 Simtocq 30,000 Sanloe 40,000 Cambingh 12,000 Lampack 30,000 Boijcko 70,000 Peco 30,000 262,000 1,600 2,000 1634 1635 60 1636 61 62 1639 1639 63 58 VOC 1116, folio 257; VOC 1116, folio 372; VOC 1131, folio 308; VOC 1131, folio 743-748. 59 VOC 1131, folio 492; VOC 1131, folio 744. 60 VOC 1116, folio 257. 61 VOC 1120, folio 23; VOC 1120, folio 263; VOC 1120, folio 307. 62 VOC 1128, folio 369-370. 63 VOC 1131, folio 154; VOC 1131, folio 309; VOC 1131, folio 492-494; VOC 1133, folio 154; VOC 1133, folio 221-222.

142 1634 Katoen 1636 64 65 1634 Indigo 1635 66 1640 67 1634 Hennep 1635 1640 68 1640 69 70 1635 Tarwe 1640 71 1640 72 1635 gember 73 74 Tabak 1635 75 76 Radix China 77 78 2. 1634 1636 64 VOC 1116, folio 257; VOC 1116, folio 373; VOC 1120, folio 23. 65 Wennekes, W. Gouden Handel (Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Atlas, 1996 ), pp. 309-310. 66 VOC 1116, folio 257; VOC 1116, folio 373. 67 1998 72-74 68 VOC 1116, folio; VOC 1116, folio 373. 69 67 56-59 70 65 412 71 VOC 1116, folio 257; VOC 1116, folio 321. 72 67 74 73 VOC 1116, folio 257; VOC 1116, folio 321; VOC 1131, folio 311; VOC 1133, folio 154. 74 65 410 75 VOC 1116, folio 321; VOC 1120, folio 23 ; VOC 1131, folio 744. 76 65 428-429 77 VOC 1116, folio 321; VOC 1120, folio 23; VOC 1131, folio 310; VOC 1131, folio 492. 78 65 424

1625-1640 143 1637 79 1640 12 6 80 1636 1640 1642 1645 1645 81 3. 1625 1641 82 79 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 194-195, 213, 303, 306, 330, 390, 396-397, 407, 409, 411, 418-419. Campbell, W. Formosa under the Dutch ([London 1903], Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc., 1992), pp. 149, 119-120, 174-176, 210. Colenbrander, H.T. Dagh-register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlandts-India, Anno 1641-1642 ( s-gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1900), p. 62. 80 Van der Chijs, J.A. Dagh-register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlandts-India, Anno 1640-1641 ( s-gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1887), p. 116. 81 1985 58 82 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 170, 328; VOC 1123, folio 807-810.

144 83 1629 84 85 86 87 1634 9 canael 88 1634 11 89 83 VOC 1123, folio 795; Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 19, 30, 43, 44, 91. 84 VOC 1101, folio 368; Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 2, 60, 170, 177, 194, 200, 216, 231, 242, 302, 330, 334. 85 Ashurst J. Ashurst N. Practical Building Conservation: English Heritage Technical Handbook, vol. 2 (New York: Halsted Press, 1988), pp. 46-47. 86 Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), pp. 228, 383, 457, 565-568. 87 VOC 1131, folio 265. 88 VOC 1116, folio 363. 89 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 200, 208, 216, 261, 310, 321, 324, 329, 334, 337, 374, 406, 416, 418, 422, 437-439, 474, 478-479, 481-483.

92 1625-1640 145 1639 3000 90 1638 5 72,000 Gulden 91 1639 132,334 45% 93 Canassers 94 95 24 39 7 3 2 Primus inter pares 90 1639 3000 1640 3568 1639 132,334 50,897.681 4241.4334 50,897.681 12 3.75 1131 4241.4374 3.75 VOC 1131, folio 521. 91 VOC 1128, folio 530; Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 421. 92 VOC 1131, folio 303; Van Veen, E. How the Dutch ran a seventeenth-century colony: the occupation and loss of Formosa 1624-1662. Itinerario, 20:1(1996), pp. 66-67. 93 VOC 1120, folio 244-255; Grothe, J.A. pp. 175-184. 94 VOC 1131, folio 305; VOC 1131, folio 522. 95

146 1620 96 0.125 0.125 30 = 3.75 1630 0.62 0.82 1.27 1~2 Musquet 2.77 24.38 49.42 97 9 3.46 98 99 96 VOC 1093, folio 355; Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), p. 344. 97 VOC 1109, folio 199; VOC 1120, folio 244-255; VOC 1128, folio 533; Grothe, J.A. pp. 175-184. 98 1633 1 = 0.3846153 VOC 1093, folio 367, 374; VOC 1109, folio 199; Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), pp. 248-249, 314-324, 342; Fryke, C. Schweitzer, C Voyages to the East Indies 1680 to 1686 / 1676 to 1683 (New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services, 1997), p. XXVIII. 99 Grothe, J.A. pp. 83, 89, 102-105, 115-116, 177; Colenbrander, H.T. Dagh-register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlandts-India, Anno 1637 ( s-gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1899), p.152; Colenbrander, H.T. Dagh-register anno 1636, p. 287; 1626-1642

1625-1640 147 100 101 1636 102 1638 Vrijwillige collecte 103 1639 903.25 700 104 1639 Pachter 105 1640 8 1 9 1 3,568 106 1620 10 107 100 VOC 1127, folio 506; VOC 1131, folio 304. 101 1640 1639 302,870 132,623 170,247 VOC 1131, folio 303; Van Veen, E., pp. 62-63, 66-67, 73. 102 Grothe, J.A., p. 135, 185-188, 197. 103 VOC 1127, folio 506. 104 VOC 1131, folio 306; VOC 1131, folio 525-526. 105 1622 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 489 ; Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), pp. 94, 113, 202-204, 243, 259-262. 106 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 500. 107 Van der Chijs, J.A. (1885), pp. 76, 80, 559.

148 17 39 1640 1662 22 Cabessa 1625-1641 1625 250 Delft 108 1626 120 120 109 280 280 4 110 1627 330 330 111 1628 377 298 38 41 112 1631 400 210 6 90 4 94 113 1632 230 230 240 114 1633 200 115 1634 200 116 108 VOC 1093, folio 342-343. 109 VOC 1093 folio 364, 377. 110 Coolhaas, W. Ph., p. 200. 111 VOC 1093, folio 388. 112 VOC 1094, folio 133. 113 Colenbrander, H.T. Dagh-register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse alsover geheel Nederlandts-India, Anno 1631-1634 ( s-gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1898), p. 10. 114 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 71. 115 p. 147. 116 p. 193.

1625-1640 149 1635 500 500 117 1636 407 405 407 118 1637 355 355 119 1638 586 355 18 8 26 8 1639 350 350 121 1640 501 122 1 22 86 120 1641 449 449 123 1625-1641 1625 124 125 126 1627 127 1630 128 1629 129 1633 130 1634 131 1635 132 133 1636 134 1639 135 117 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 226, 232. Colenbrander, H.T. Dagh-register anno 1636, p. 19. 118 Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, pp. 236, 275. 119 Colenbrander, H.T. Dagh-register anno 1637, p. 153. 120 VOC 1128, folio 511-513. 121 VOC 1131, folio 518. 122 VOC 1133, folio 160. 123 Van der Chijs, J.A. (1887), p. 266. 124 VOC 1093, folio 357, 360. 125 VOC 1093, folio 348-349. 126 1979 157-253 127 VOC 1093, folio 382; VOC 1102, folio 536. 128 VOC 1101, folio 431. 129 VOC 1101, folio 368, 373; Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho, p. 2, p. 60. 130 VOC 1116, folio 319. 131 VOC 1116, folio 372; VOC 1116, folio 257; VOC 1116, folio 319-321;VOC 1120, folio 23. 132 131 133 VOC 1120, folio 244-245. 134 15 135 VOC 1131, folio 305; VOC 1131, folio 522.

150 136 137 138 Bauwia * Boico/ Boicko/ Boycko/ Boijco/ Boncq/ Boica * * * Cambingh/ Cambijn/ Cambing/ Sitsick/ Sitsick/ Sisicq/ Sitsicq/ Jan Soetecau/ Jan Soutekauw 139 * * * * Coyongh * Gonqua/ Siuhouw * * Gwitsick * Jacoma/ Jacomey/ Jacomo/ Jacobam * * * Jauchijm * Kastvat * Kokong * Lacqua * * Lakko/ Lacco * * * Lampack * * Peco * * * * Pidi/ Pijdij * Samsiacq/ Samsjacque/ Sansiack/ Samsiack/ * * Samziacq Sangloe/ Sanloe/ Sanbec * * Sapsiko * Saptia * Scheiang * Schitko * Sianghij * Siko * * Simkoi * 136 VOC 1131, folio 398; VOC 1131, folio 492, 533: VOC 1131, folio 744, 825; Hoetink, B. p. 399; Blussé, L., M.E. van Opstall and Ts ao Yung-Ho Grothe, J.A. 137 138 139 Sitsick (alias Jan Soetecau), Blussé, L., W.E. Milde and Ts ao Yung- Ho, p. 4; VOC 1131, folio 825 Sitsicq alias Cambing 1639 10 22 Cambing Sitsicq

1625-1640 151 Simsiang * Sina * Sinco * Simtock * Songo * Suia * Swantai * Thaitia * Theiting * Ticlouw/ Ticlauw/ Ticlau * * Tinsiak * Tongo * Tsicquian/ Tzizijquan/ Compadl * Watbang * Zinkik *

152 Economic Relations between the Dutch East India Company and the Chinese in Early Dutch Formosa (1625-1640) Heyns Pol Abstract The Dutch East India Company settled in Tainan after retreating from the Pescadores in 1624, hoping to use it as a base for penetrating the vast Chinese market and cutting off trade between Manila and China. Although the Dutch were primarily focused on the China trade, they quickly adapted an immigration policy to take advantage of Chinese labor in the Tainan area. Up to this day popular belief contends that the Dutch merely exploited those Chinese migrant workers, but little research has been done on this topic and little is known about Sino-Dutch relations in the Tainan area. This article attempts to reach a better understanding of early Sino-Dutch economic relations in the Tainan area by thoroughly researching both published and unpublished sources of the Dutch East India Company related to Formosa, the originals of which are preserved in the Algemeen Rijksarchief of the Hague. The author analyzes how the Dutch East India Company offered the Chinese coming to the Tainan area security, protection, employment, as well as incentives to develop the land. This policy resulted in extensive as well as intensive cooperation in a number of areas such as construction, transportation, agriculture and deer hunting. The documents detailing these policies give us a more comprehensive picture of early Sino-Dutch economic relations in Dutch Formosa. Key Words: Formosa, Sino-Dutch economic relations, Dutch East India Company, Tainan, Ming dynasty