T = l g = a - b a
ϕ
ϕ
ϕ ϕ
ϕ ϕ
SiO SiO 65% SiO 52% SiO 52 45% SiO 45% 20 45% 10% 50% 95% 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.5
S0=1.94 / 2 S0=1.90 / 2
200 (mb)600
1013.2mb
ϕ ϕ
C = v r 2
e a = 289 T g m 3 ( / )
e f 100 E e f = E = 23. 4 100% 42 4 = 55%.
C v = 100% 200 C v( ) = 100% = 20% 1000
K = P E
= sin ϕ ϕ
L D = F
v = c RI ϕ ϕ ϕ z R x = ϕ = wa I A I = R R I = ϕ wr ϕ w ϕ w = bv 2 I = ϕ wr 2 bv 2 I = RI = bv R 1 v = b RI 1 = c b v = c RI
c = 1 1 n R 6 c = 1 n R x R x = 1 6 x = 2. 5 n 0. 13 0. 75 R ( n 010. )
1 n Q = Av A v
Q = Av v = c RI = f 1 ( H)
W = QT M = Q F y = W F 9 W 10 W y = = 10 3 12 ( mm) F 10 F Q M = 1000 1 / km 2 F Q F = M 10-3 W QT y = 3 = 3 10 10 = M T 10 6 F F y = 31.5M M = 1 y = 0.0317y 315.
y = M T M = y T K M 1 Q 1 y = = = M Q y 0 0 1 0 = y x x + x + x + x 1 2 3 n x = n n 1 = x n x x = 10 5 15 x i x 2 ( xi x) σ = n 1 i
2 σ 1 ( x i x) Cv = = x x n 4. 08 4. 08 Cv = = 0. 408l Cv = = 0. 00408 10 1000
n 1 1 u 0 n 1 x = y + z x y z x = y = z = x y z x = z
H h TH = TB + G
+ 2-2. H H CO HCO CO 2 3 3 3 2- - 2- - + 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ SO HCO CO NO Na Ca Mg Al Fe Fe 3 3 3 3 2- - 2 SO Cl 4 2-2- SO SO 4 2- SO 4 4
ϕ ϕ
Q = KA h l h = I l Q v = A Q = A K h = KI l vcp = KI v cp v v = cp 0 n n 1 v 0 v cp v = c RI c R = K v = KI v = KI m 1 2 1
L T = 2 gh L T = gh L T = n gh
CO 3 2-2+ - Ca 2HCO 3
SO 4 2-
7-2 1975 (mm) % % 10 70 10 5 60 70 5 3 50 60 3 1 1 0.25 20 40 0.25 0.005 20 % 30 0 05 0.01 20 40 0.01 0.005 20 0.005 30 50 0.001 35 40 0.001 40 50% 30% 10% 1 10% 1%
- 3-2- 2- - - OH PO SiO SO Cl NO 4 3 4 3
NO Fe - 3+ 3
1 = 4.184
1 = 4.184
ü
1 =0.01km2
R Lr
= 0.16 t r
9 15