Taiwan Highway Engineering Vol. 30 No. 1 Jul. 2003. pp2-11 * * 2 XXX-2
2 3 XXX-3
( ) 4 XXX-4
( ) 5 XXX-5
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B 52 B-29 B-29 6 XXX-6
48 7 XXX-7
49 ( ) 8 XXX-8
( ) ( ) ( ) 9 XXX-9
54 11 7 10 XXX-10
Taiwan Highway Engineering Vol. 30 No. 1 Jul. 2003. pp12-22 * ** *** **** 3D (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) * ** *** **** 12 XXX-12
(2) (3) (4) (5) 1 (1) 2 1 (a) (b) 2 3.1 3 3 V ( impact ) ( rebound ) V 13 XXX-13
h 3 γ g 2.55t/m 3 γ flood 1.05t/m 3 g 9.807m/sec 2 ( ν) ( v = V impact V rebound ( γ g γ flood ) h 2g (2.55 1.05) 3 2 9.807 v = = = 9.16m / sec. ( 1) γ 1.05 flood 50% 6.11m/sec (a) (b) (c) (d) 3 4 A 14 XXX-14
4 1.5 ν ( γ g 1.5γ flood ) h 2g (2.55 1.575) 3 2 9.807 v = = = 7.39m / sec. ( 2) γ 1.05 flood 50% 4.93m/sec 3 5 1.5 4.93m/sec 3 5 6 ( ) 15 XXX-15
6 6.11m/sec 4.93m/sec 3 2.40T/m 3 2.55T/m 3 5.80m/sec 4.53m/sec ( 7 ) 7 3.2 8 8 16 XXX-16
( 9 ) 8 3.3 9 1 10 10 3.4 17 XXX-17
10 (1) (2) (3) (4) 4.1 11 (a) 18 XXX-18
(b) A-A (c) 11 11 4.2 10 c 0, φ '=30, K o =1 sin φ '=0.5, γ sat =1.8t/m 3 Q total fa z Q total = f ave A surface + q tip A 12 tip ( K σ' )( 0.45) = 0.225γ' z 0. z ( 3) f =??? = K0 σ' V tan δ = 0 V = 18 ( 4) f ave =0.09z ( 5) A surface =?? z = 26. 4z ( 6) 19 XXX-19
A tip =37.3m 2 ( 7) q σ' N = γ' z 20 = z ( 8) tip v q 16 Q total =0.09z 26.4z+16z 37.3 =238+5968 =6206T ( 9) 10 c 80T/m 2,φ'=30, K o =1 sinφ'=0.5, γ sat =1.8t/m 3 Q total Q total =f ave A surface +q tip A tip ( 3) 2 f =??? = cα + K 0σ ' V tanδ c + ( K 0σ ' V )( 0.45) 3 ( 10) = 53.3 + 0.225γ ' z = 53.3 + 0.225z f ave =53.3+0.1125z ( 11) A surface =?? z = 26. 4z ( 12) A tip =37.3m 2 ( 13) q cn + σ' N = 720 + γ' z 20 = 720 + z ( 14) tip c v q 20 Q total =(53.3+0.1125z)(26.4z)+(720+20z)(20) =54.425 264+920 20 =32768T ( 15) 4.3 3D 4.2 3D 921 3D 3D NSAT ( [2]) 13 3D 14 921 3m x 3m 18m 12m 20 XXX-20
(a) 13 3D Ground Acceleration (g) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6 20 : Horizontaol (E-W) : Horizontaol (N-S) : Vertical 22 24 26 Time (second) 14 921 ( ) 3D 15 16 15 66.2 114.6 17.3 43.5 16 2.43 4.73 0.46 2.52 (1) (2) 28 30 21 XXX-21
Displacement, cm. 80 60 :X-Node 1653 :Y-Node 1570 40 :Y-Node 1653 20 0-20 -40-60 -80-100 :X-Node 1570 66.2cm 43.5cm 17.3cm Displacement, cm. 114.6cm -120-5 20 22 24 26 28 30 20 22 24 26 28 30 Elapsed Time, sec. Elapsed Time, sec. 15 3D 16 3D 5 4 3 2 1 0-1 -2-3 -4 :X-Node 1570 :X-Node 1653 :Y-Node 1570 :Y-Node 1653 2.52cm 4.73cm 0.46cm 2.43cm 3D 3D 921 1906 1999 1935 20 30 3D [1] (NSAT) 1996 22 XXX-22
Taiwan Highway Engineering Vol. 30 No. 1 Jul. 2003. pp23-36 PDA WH56 PC * ** *** WH56 213K+975 216K 805 80cm 100cm PC PDA PDA Pile Driving Analyzer, PDA PDA PC 1.1 PC 213 K + 975 217K+400 3,425 m 60m 30m 3,425m 1.2 P45~P50 216K+370~216K+500 PC * ** *** 23 XXX-23
[1] 1. 19 N 5~10 2. 19 25 N 3~7 3. 25 40 N 14~20 100cm 30 24 80 cm 30 1.3 PC 1. (1) BSP HH-16 16T 1m~1.5m (2) 2.75 ~2.85 32.75 ~32.85 (3) 27 ~30 (100 ~300 /50cm) 0.5~0.16 ( ) 50cm ( AASHTO) 179 T ( ) 2. (1) BSP HH-16 16T 1m~1.5m (2) 5.34 35.34 (3) P50 5 ( 4 ) 35 4 30 (4) 30.63 1.36 4.71 1.4 [2] 91.10.31 1. (1) (2) ( 1m) 25m~27m m ( 1.2m~1.5m) 24 XXX-24
2. 1.5m( ) 28~30 /min 80cm- 18m 3. (1) (Pile Driving Analysis PDA) (2)PDA (3) P50 (100CM - 30 ) 30.63 ( 4.71 ) (Pile Driving Analysis) (Pile Driving Analysis)PDA 1972 Case Western Reserve University, Ohio PDA Case Method Damping Factor J Integrity CAPWAP Signal Matching 75 [3] 2.1 PDA 1. a F m R 1 mc R [ F( t1) + F( t2) ] + [ V ( t1) V ( t2 )] 3.1 2 2L t 1 sec 2 L t 2 t 1 + (sec) c 25 XXX-25
L m V m/sec C m/sec R R S+D S D J V toe D Damping Force J Damping Factor L V toe =2V top R mc 3.2 3.3 3.4 V top t 1 V top S R-D Boundary Value PDA 2. Integrity F Z V t 1 x 2x t x = R=F Z V R x c x 2x tx= c U Z V F R Rausche(1969) U 3.5 Z2 U 2 F i R Z 1 Z2 Z F i 1 Z 1 Z 2 A2 E A2 2 C Z = A A 1 1 E Z1 C 3.6 3.7 A 1 A 2 26 XXX-26
U a 2F i R 1 a 1+ a 3.8 1.0 0.8~1.0 0.6~0.8 (damage) 0.6 broken 3. 1/10 t 3 CTN( ) 2 L 2 L =F( t 2 = )+F( t3 < ) 3.9 C C 2L F(t2 ) ZV(t 2 ) C ZV(t 2 ) F(t 2 ) 3.10 1 2L x TR X tx = 2 C 2x t 3 =2L C 2 EA T(x) ( ) t2 ( )Vt3 F t3 0 3.11 C C 4. w= F V dt EMX 27 XXX-27
1 KE MRAM VRAM 2 2 MRAM VRAM PE W RAM H W RAM H Stroke H(m)=1.222 (60 BPM) 2 0.1 BPM EMX TR PE 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 5. CAPWAP CAPWAP Method CAPWAP Method (1)RTL RTL (2)RSP (3)RMX (4)RMN (5)RSU RSP RSU (6)RAU 2.2 PDA 28 XXX-28
PDA 1. 2. 3. C 4. A 5. J PDA CASE Method J CAPWAP Case Pile Wave Analysis Program 1. 2. PDA 3. 2 1 4. 1 5. 3.1 PDA 216K+413.9~216K+433.9 102 PC 80cm- 30m 18m 22m 24m 25m 27m 1. 2. PDA 3. 1.2m 4. 5. PDA CASE Method RTL BTA EMX FMX CTN 6. 26.9m 29 XXX-29
CAPWAP 26.9m 4.1 1. CAPWAP 2. 30%~50% 50%~70% 58.9%~80.1% 3. PC 28 0.1 fc' PC 800 kg/cm 2 80 kg/cm 2 160kg/cm 2 PC 0.6fc' 480k/cm 2 160kg/cm 2 ( 16MPa) 31.7~40MPa 480kg/cm 2 48MPa 1. 2. 216K+370~216K+500 PC 180T PDA 18m 499.5T 2.5 199.8T 18m 3. P50 PDA 2 4. 1.0 5. 58.9 80.1 30 XXX-30
WH56 1. WH56 88 3 2. WH56 PC 91 11 3. 77 36 CAPWAP 31 XXX-31
PC (T) (M) W(T) H(M) (M) AASHTO 1 176 16 1.5 0.0036 2113 203.4 651.5 30 2.85 32.85 2 175 16 1.5 0.0042 1796 198.3 593.5 30 2.85 32.85 3 174 16 1.5 0.0037 2200 202.5 641.0 30 2.85 32.85 4 173 16 1.5 0.005 2558 192.0 530.5 30 2.85 32.85 5 172 16 1.5 0.0025 2806 213.3 793.7 30 2.85 32.85 6 171 16 1.5 0.0019 3296 219.2 900.9 30 2.85 32.85 7 170 16 1.5 0.0022 2904 216.2 843.9 30 2.85 32.85 8 169 16 1.5 0.0041 1452 199.2 602.4 30 2.85 32.85 28M 2M 9 168 16 1.5 0.0015 3351 223.3 990.1 30 2.85 32.85 10 167 16 1.5 0.0041 1452 199.2 602.4 30 2.85 32.85 28M 2M 11 166 16 1.5 0.0055 2425 188.2 497.5 30 2.85 32.85 12 165 16 1.5 0.0038 3404 201.7 630.9 30 2.85 32.85 13 164 16 1.5 0.0042 2794 198.3 593.5 30 2.85 32.85 14 163 16 1.5 0.0037 3311 202.5 641.0 30 2.85 32.85 15 162 16 1.5 0.0059 2306 185.3 473.9 30 2.85 32.85 32M 16 161 16 1.5 0.0035 3349 204.3 662.3 30 2.75 32.75 17 160 16 1.5 0.00076 4204 231.2 1212.1 30 2.75 32.75 31M 18 159 16 1.5 0.0038 1949 201.7 630.9 30 2.75 32.75 30M 19 158 16 1.5 0.0025 2324 213.3 793.7 30 2.75 32.75 30M 20 157 16 1.5 0.00387 1882 201.1 624.0 30 2.75 32.75 28M 2M 21 156 16 1.5 0.0016 5715 222.2 966.2 30 2.75 32.75 29M 1M 22 155 16 1.5 0.0045 3183 195.9 568.2 30 2.75 32.75 30.5M 23 154 16 1.5 0.0027 3093 211.5 763.4 30 2.75 32.75 30.5M 24 153 16 1.5 0.0033 3218 206.0 684.9 30 2.75 32.75 30.5M 25 152 16 1.5 0.0026 2700 212.4 778.2 30 2.75 32.75 29.5M 0.5M 26 151 16 1.5 0.0031 2751 207.8 709.2 30 2.75 32.75 29.5M 0.5M 1. 0.8M 30M PC ( 100T 179T) 2. Ra=W H/(5S+0.1) W= (T) H= (m) S= 3.AASHTO Ra=WH/6(S+0.254) W= (T) H= (cm) S= 32 XXX-32
80cm -30 m PDA Ra(JAN) (1) AASHTO (2) (ton) (ton) (ton) 102(PDA)18m 20-20.5 16 1.35 50 144.00 287.08 499.5 20.5-21 16 1.35 47 141.00 273.18 499.5 102(PDA)22m 24-24.5 16 1.35 59 151.71 326.84 513.7 24.5-25 16 1.35 75 162.00 391.02 513.7 102(PDA)24m 26-26.5 16 1.35 113 176.87 516.89 576.2 26.5-27 16 1.35 105 174.46 493.02 576.2 102(PDA)25m 27-27.5 16 1.35 104 174.14 489.95 590 27.5-28 16 1.35 98 172.10 471.08 590 102(PDA)27m 29-29.5 16 1.35 98 172.10 471.08 657.4 29.5-30 16 1.35 205 192.52 723.03 657.4 PDA* (3) 18 m 472.7 66.9 539.6 499.5 22 m 518.9 25.2 544.1 513.7 24 m 450.6 162.6 613.3 576.2 25 m 419.9 209.2 629 590.0 27 m 457.1 226.3 683.4 657.4 2.85m / 18m 22m 24m 25m 27m W(T) 16 16 16 16 16 (m) 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.5 PE=W H(T-m) 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 24.0 EMX(T-m) 15.66 12.73 16.22 17.33 18.10 TR=EMX/PE(%) 72.5 58.9 75.1 80.1 75.4 / 18 m 22 m 24 m 25 m 27 m Mpa 0 0 0 0 0 Mpa 33.1 31.7 36 38.5 40 33 XXX-33
PC PC 34 XXX-34
PC PDA PDA PDA 35 XXX-35
PDA 31 36 XXX-36
Taiwan Highway Engineering Vol. 30 No. 1 Jul. 2003. pp37-47 110 32k+700 * 110 32k+700 1 11,852,000 72 91 6 15 91 9 2 91 8 20 1 M 3 2515 2 M 3 1078 3 M 3 3258 4 M 3 335 5 M 72 6 M 2 7090 7 M 2570 * 37 XXX-37
2 2.1 2.1 HDPE 2.1 KN/M 150 ASTM D4595 GRI-GG1 KN/M 150 ASTM D4595 GRI-GG1 PET PVC 2CM 2CM AASHTO TASK Force27 ISO 9000 2.2 1. (1) Polyamide 6 (2) (3) 6 (4) (5) 2cm (6) 3.0cmx3.0cm (7) 3cm 2. 2.2 2.2 1 g/m 2 550 1M 1.3M 2 220 1300 3 N/m GRI GG1 930 60 200mm/min 4 GRI GG1 45 38 XXX-38
2.3 1. (1) 6 (2) (3) 2. (1) PET PVC (2) 60KN/M GRI-GG1 ASTM 4595 (3) 60KN/M GRI-GG1 ASTM 4595 (4) 15% GRI-GG1 ASTM 4595 (5) 2.0cmx2.0cm 3. (1) Polyamide 6 (2) (3) 2cm (4) 215 2.4 1. 2.3 2.3 80mm 200cm 125mm 200cm 150mm 200cm 20cm x 3Cm 30cm x 5cm 200cm 200cm 50cm x 5cm 200cm 2. P.P 0.9g/cm 2 90 (1) 39 XXX-39
(2) (3) (4) (5) 3. 2.4 2.4 A B C A B 1 21.5cm/sec 23.4cm/sec 24.5cm/sec 14.07cm/sec 23.24cm/sec CNS10460 l3201 2 80mm 125mm 150mm 30.00mm 50.00mm 3 6160kgf/m 6487kgf/m 6670 kgf/m 48000 kgf/m 35000 kgf/m CNS 10044 A3180 kgf (kgf/m) 2 4 5 2 69 61 56 10 4000 2500 3 107 87 77 20 7000 5200 4 143 114 99 30 8800 7000 5 175 135 114 40 10500 8000 10 309 251 219 50 12700 9200 30 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.020 0.002 0.020 0.020 0.021 ASTM D2412 CNS 10044 A3180 2.1 40 XXX-40
2 3.1 3.1 3.1 H=5m 1. 5M 2. 50cm 16 @20cm 210 kg/cm 2 41 XXX-41
XXX-42 42 3. ( 3.2) (1) 10cm 2.5m 3.3 3.4 (2) 30 ASSHTO T180 90 (3) (4) (5) (6) 3.2
XXX-43 43 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.3 1., 2. 1M 10cm #3
3. 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.4 0.02kg 0.003kg 3 1M 10cm #3 3.9 44 XXX-44
1. 1 2. 2 110 32k+700 45 XXX-45
46 XXX-46
91.12 91.12 92.01 92.05 92.05 92.05 47 XXX-47