( ) ( ) ( )

01013548 ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

/ ( )

(environmental ethics)

1989 1989 1 1 Asante-Duah, D. Koft and Nagy, Imre V. International Trade in Hazardous Waste (London: E&FN Spon, 1998) p.3

1989 (United Nation Environment Programme, UNEP) ( ) 2 1995 3 2 Moyers, Bill / / ( 1992) p.21 3 Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001) p.81

(Electronics Waste, e-waste)

2004 2005 4 PVC 4 The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Why Focus on Computers? http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/focus.htm sighted 27 February 2004.

5 6 5 The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition High-Tech Production http://www.svtc.org/hightech_prod/index.html sighted 27 February 2004. 6 2003 p.36

2001 7 2003 1.526 3%-5% 5% CRT (LCD) CRT 8 (re-use) (recycling) 7 2003 p. 3 8 Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002. sighted 23/6/2003

1978 (Love Canal) (Not in my backyard NIMBY) (Not in anyone s backyard NIABY) 1978 2.5 1987 200 9 9 Moyers, Bill / / ( 1992) p.15-17

10 1989 10 Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001) p.11-12

1992 1998 11 12 ( ) ( ) 13 ( CRT ) (environmentally sound manner) 14 ( 11 Krueger, Jonathan International Trade and the Basel Convention (London : Earthscan Publication Ltd., 1999) p.27 12 Moyers, Bill / / ( 1992) p.21 13 2003 p.9 14 Krueger, Jonathan International Trade and the Basel Convention (London : Earthscan Publication Ltd., 1999) p.29

15 ) 16 50%-80% 90% ( ) 15 Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001) p.83 16 Kellow, Aynsley International Toxic Risk Management : Ideals, Interests and Implementation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999) p.121

0.25 1 ( ) 2 0.09 15% 0.1 60% 0.8 17 4 5 1.5 ( 10 ) ( 17. Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002. sighted 23 June 2003

18 1994 9 1999 ( ) 2002 8 19 18 Moyers, Bill / ( 1992) p.83 19 2003 p. 12-13

20 21 20 2003 p. 13-14 21 Chan, Hon S., Wong Koon-kwai, Cheung K.C., Lo Man-Keung The Implementation Gap in Environmental Management in China: The Case of Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Nanjing. Public Administration Review July/August 1995, Vol. 55, No.44, p.336, 338.

22 23 22 23/2/2002 http://asiademo.org/2002/02/20020223b.htm 31/3/2004 23 Ma, Xiaoying & Ortolano, Leonard Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement and Compliance (Maryland : Rownman & Littlefield, 2000) p.84

24 24 2003 p. 14

( ) 15 25 25 2004 p.6

80% 26 26 2003 p.1

27 28 15-16 17-30 / 27 2004 p.14 28 Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002. Sighted 23 June 2003.

29 30 29 2004 30 ( 2001) p.383

2002 31 32 31 2004 p.25 32 ( 2001) p.385

33 PVC (25% 75% ) ( ) 34 GREENPEACE : 2003 33 23/2/2004 34 2003

2003 BAN : 2000 35 1989 36 35 Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002. 36 Moyers, Bill / / ( : 1992 p.15)

GREENPEACE : 2003 GREENPEACE : 2003

/ PAHs 2003

(Hewlett Packard) PC 37 37 7/2/2004

2000 38 38 28/2/2004

(Greenpeace)

Elizabeth Dowdswell 39 (Basel Action Network) (Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition) 40 39 Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001) p.75 40 Ma, Xiaoying & Ortolano, Leonard Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement and Compliance (Maryland : Rownman & Littlefield, 2000) p.72

41 90% 42 41 10/3/2004 42 5 1 2/3/2004

Charles Krebs 43 43 2003 p. 41.

(, http://penavicost.vicp.net/img/shantou.gif, sighted at 3, April, 2004)

: 1) 2003 2) 2003 3) 2004 4) ( 2001) 5) 1997 p.5-23 6) 23/2/2002 http://asiademo.org/2002/02/20020223b.htm 31/3/2004 7) 5 1 2/3/2004 8) 10/3/2004 9) 23/2/2004 10) 28/2/2004 11) Asante-Duah, D. Koft and Nagy, Imre V. International Trade in Hazardous Waste (London : E&FN Spon, 1998) 12) Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002.

Sighted 23 June 2003. 13) Carius, Alexander, Petzold-Bradley, Eileen and Vincze, Arpad (eds.), Responding to Environmental Conflicts: Implications for Theory and Practice (Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001) p.283-308. 14) Chan, Hon S., Wong Koon-kwai, Cheung K.C., Lo Man-Keung The Implementation Gap in Environmental Management in China: The Case of Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Nanjing. Public Administration Review July/August 1995, Vol. 55, No.44, p.333-340 15) Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York : Cornell University Press, 2001) 16) Edmonds, Richard Louis (Eds) Managing the Chinese Environment (New York : Oxford University Press, 1998) 17) Kellow, Aynsley International Toxic Risk Management : Ideals, Interests and Implementation (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1999) 18) Krueger, Jonathan International Trade and the Basel Convention (London : Earthscan Publication Ltd., 1999) 19) Lipschutz, Ronnie D. Global Environmental Politics: Power, Perspective, and Practice (Washington : CQ Press, 2004) 20) Ma, Xiaoying & Ortolano, Leonard Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement and Compliance (Maryland : Rownman & Littlefield, 2000)

21) Moyers, Bill / / ( 1992) 22) The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Why Focus on Computers? http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/focus.htm sighted 27 February 2004. 23) The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition High-Tech Production http://www.svtc.org/hightech_prod/index.html sighted 27 February 2004. 24) Welford, Richard Cases in Environmental Management and Business Strategy (London : Pitman Publishing, 1994) 25) Harris, Paul G. (Eds) International Environmental Cooperation: Politics and Diplomacy in Pacific Asia (Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2002)

2003 BAN : 2000 44 1989 45 44 Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002. 45 Moyers, Bill / / ( : 1992 p.15)

GREENPEACE : 2003 GREENPEACE : 2003

/ PAHs 2003

(Hewlett Packard) PC 46 46 7/2/2004

2000 47 47 28/2/2004

(Greenpeace)

Elizabeth Dowdswell 48 (Basel Action Network) (Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition) 49 48 Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001) p.75 49 Ma, Xiaoying & Ortolano, Leonard Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement and Compliance (Maryland : Rownman & Littlefield, 2000) p.72

50 90% 51 50 10/3/2004 51 5 1 2/3/2004

Charles Krebs 52 52 2003 p. 41.

(, http://penavicost.vicp.net/img/shantou.gif, sighted at 3, April, 2004)

: 26) 2003 27) 2003 28) 2004 29) ( 2001) 30) 1997 p.5-23 31) 23/2/2002 http://asiademo.org/2002/02/20020223b.htm 31/3/2004 32) 5 1 2/3/2004 33) 10/3/2004 34) 23/2/2004 35) 28/2/2004 36) Asante-Duah, D. Koft and Nagy, Imre V. International Trade in Hazardous Waste (London : E&FN Spon, 1998) 37) Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002.

Sighted 23 June 2003. 38) Carius, Alexander, Petzold-Bradley, Eileen and Vincze, Arpad (eds.), Responding to Environmental Conflicts: Implications for Theory and Practice (Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001) p.283-308. 39) Chan, Hon S., Wong Koon-kwai, Cheung K.C., Lo Man-Keung The Implementation Gap in Environmental Management in China: The Case of Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Nanjing. Public Administration Review July/August 1995, Vol. 55, No.44, p.333-340 40) Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York : Cornell University Press, 2001) 41) Edmonds, Richard Louis (Eds) Managing the Chinese Environment (New York : Oxford University Press, 1998) 42) Kellow, Aynsley International Toxic Risk Management : Ideals, Interests and Implementation (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1999) 43) Krueger, Jonathan International Trade and the Basel Convention (London : Earthscan Publication Ltd., 1999) 44) Lipschutz, Ronnie D. Global Environmental Politics: Power, Perspective, and Practice (Washington : CQ Press, 2004) 45) Ma, Xiaoying & Ortolano, Leonard Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement and Compliance (Maryland : Rownman & Littlefield, 2000)

46) Moyers, Bill / / ( 1992) 47) The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Why Focus on Computers? http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/focus.htm sighted 27 February 2004. 48) The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition High-Tech Production http://www.svtc.org/hightech_prod/index.html sighted 27 February 2004. 49) Welford, Richard Cases in Environmental Management and Business Strategy (London : Pitman Publishing, 1994) 50) Harris, Paul G. (Eds) International Environmental Cooperation: Politics and Diplomacy in Pacific Asia (Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2002)

/ PAHs 2003

(Hewlett Packard) PC 53 53 7/2/2004

2000 54 54 28/2/2004

(Greenpeace)

Elizabeth Dowdswell 55 (Basel Action Network) (Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition) 56 55 Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001) p.75 56 Ma, Xiaoying & Ortolano, Leonard Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement and Compliance (Maryland : Rownman & Littlefield, 2000) p.72

57 90% 58 57 10/3/2004 58 5 1 2/3/2004

Charles Krebs 59 59 2003 p. 41.

(, http://penavicost.vicp.net/img/shantou.gif, sighted at 3, April, 2004)

: 51) 2003 52) 2003 53) 2004 54) ( 2001) 55) 1997 p.5-23 56) 23/2/2002 http://asiademo.org/2002/02/20020223b.htm 31/3/2004 57) 5 1 2/3/2004 58) 10/3/2004 59) 23/2/2004 60) 28/2/2004 61) Asante-Duah, D. Koft and Nagy, Imre V. International Trade in Hazardous Waste (London : E&FN Spon, 1998) 62) Basel Action Network & Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia http:// www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/technotrash.pdf 2002.

Sighted 23 June 2003. 63) Carius, Alexander, Petzold-Bradley, Eileen and Vincze, Arpad (eds.), Responding to Environmental Conflicts: Implications for Theory and Practice (Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001) p.283-308. 64) Chan, Hon S., Wong Koon-kwai, Cheung K.C., Lo Man-Keung The Implementation Gap in Environmental Management in China: The Case of Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Nanjing. Public Administration Review July/August 1995, Vol. 55, No.44, p.333-340 65) Clapp, Jennifer Toxic Exports: The Transfer of Hazardous Waste from Rich to Poor Countries (New York : Cornell University Press, 2001) 66) Edmonds, Richard Louis (Eds) Managing the Chinese Environment (New York : Oxford University Press, 1998) 67) Kellow, Aynsley International Toxic Risk Management : Ideals, Interests and Implementation (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1999) 68) Krueger, Jonathan International Trade and the Basel Convention (London : Earthscan Publication Ltd., 1999) 69) Lipschutz, Ronnie D. Global Environmental Politics: Power, Perspective, and Practice (Washington : CQ Press, 2004) 70) Ma, Xiaoying & Ortolano, Leonard Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement and Compliance (Maryland : Rownman & Littlefield, 2000)

71) Moyers, Bill / / ( 1992) 72) The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Why Focus on Computers? http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/focus.htm sighted 27 February 2004. 73) The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition High-Tech Production http://www.svtc.org/hightech_prod/index.html sighted 27 February 2004. 74) Welford, Richard Cases in Environmental Management and Business Strategy (London : Pitman Publishing, 1994) 75) Harris, Paul G. (Eds) International Environmental Cooperation: Politics and Diplomacy in Pacific Asia (Colorado: University Press of Colorado, 2002)