UDC GB P GB 50025 2004 Code for building construction in collapsible loess regions 2 0 0 4 8 1 20040301 20020801
213, GB 50025-2004, 2004 81, 4.1.1 4.1.7 5.7.2 6.1.1 8.1.1 8.1.5 8.2.1 8.3.1(1) 8.3.2 (1) 8.4.58.5.5 9.1.1 ( ), GBJ25-90 2004 3 1 [1998]94, 16, GBJ 25-90( ),,,,, ( ) 99, 3, 2 1., 2, 2.,,,,, 3.,, 4 4 4. 0.70 0.90,, 1
5.,78,,, 5m 10m( ), 6.,, ß 0 ß,, 7.,,, 8., 9.,,, 10., 11., 2-1,,,, 12. J,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 272, 710082) 2
( ) 1 1.0.1 ( ),,, 1.0.2 1.0.3,,, 1.0.4, 3
2 2.1 2.1.1 collapsible loess,, 2.1.2 noncollapsible loess, 2.1.3 loess collapsible under overburden pressure, 2.1.4 loess noncollapsible under overburden pressure, 2.1.5 recently deposited loess,,, 50150kPa 2 ( Q 4 ) 2.1.6 compression deformation, 2.1.7 collapse deformation ( ),,, 2.1.8 lnitial collapse pressure, 2.1.9 coefficient of collapsibility,,, 2.1.10 coeffcient of collapsibility under overburden pressure,, 2.1.11 measured collapse under overburden pressure,, 2.1.12 computed collapse under overburden pressure, 2.1.13 computed collapse, 2.1.14 remnant collapse, 2.1.15 protection distance 2.1.16 area of protection 4
2 2 A a b d, ( ) E s e f a f ak I p l p k P 0 P sh q q pa sa a R S r w w L w P w op?? 0, θ η b η d ψ s d s d zs zs zs s β 0 β 5
3 3.0.1, 3.0.1 3.0.1 60m14 l4 50m 100m 2460m 3050m 50100m E 3.0.2, 1, 2 1) 2), 3),, 3 3.0.3 3.0.4 9 6
3.0.5 GB50007 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 A 4.1.3 4.1.4 1 2 3, 4,, 4.1.5, 1 2 3,, 4.1.6, 7
1 2, 3, B C 4 4.1.7 5 6 1m, 120mm D 1/3l/2, 3 4.1.8, 4.1.9 4.1.10 4.2 4.2.1, 1 2,, 3 4 4.2.2, 1 8
2, 3 1100015000 4.2.3, 1,, 4.2.3 4.2.3 (m) 120200 5080 80120 2, 1/2 3 4 4.3.8, 5 4.2.4 1 2, 3.0.1 4.2.4-1 4.2.4-1 (m) 3040 4050 5080 80100 2030 3040 4050 5080 1020 2030 3040 4050 3 4 4 2/3, 1/2 5, 4.2.4-2 9
4.2.4-2 (m) 10 15 10 ( ) 4.2.5 1 2 3 4 5 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 δ s δ zs p sh 1 I 2 5000 2, 3, 4 5 0.01mm 4.3.3 4.3.2 1 2 0200kPa 50kPa 200 kpa 100kPa 3 d s 10
h h p δ = 4.3.3 s p h 0 h p, p mm h ( ) (mm) h 0 (mm) 4 d s ( 1.5m) 1) 10m 200kPa,10m ( 300kPa 300 kpa) 2) 300kPa 3) 5m 100150kPa,510m 10m 200kPa 4.3.4 4.3.2 1 2 ρ s (g/cm 3 ) ρ d (g/cm 3 ) S S =85% r e d s 3 d zs r S re ρ s = ρd (1 + ) 4.3.4-1 d z h 0 s h h z δ = 4.3.4-2 zs h z, (mm) h z ( ) (mm) h 0 (mm) 11
4.3.5 4.3.2 1 2 0.03g/ 3 3 0150kPa 2550kPa 150kPa 50100kPa 4 5 5 1) 2 2 2) 3) 4) 20%, 20% 4.3.6 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 4.3.7 1 0.50m 2, 3 10 15m 2 25kPa 200kPa 3 15151515min 1 30min 1 2h1h 0.10mm 12
4 p ss 4.3.8 1 ( ) ( ) 10m 0.50m 0.80m 100mm 2 3 1020m ± 0.10mm 3 300mm,, 5d 1mm/d 4 5 10d 5d 1mm/d, 4.4.1 ( ) d s 1 d s 0.015 2 d a 0.015, 4.4.2 d s 1 0.015=d s =0.03 2 0.03d s =0.07 3 d s 0.07 4.4.3 zs zs, 1 zs zs 70mm 2 zs? zs 70mm 3 4.4.4 zs 13
zs n = β Σ δ = δ i zsi h i i (mm) 0 h 0 zsi i 4.4.4 i 1 β 1) 1.50 2) 1.20 3) 0.90 4) 0.50 zs ( ) d zs 0.015 4.4.5 s 1 s n s =Σ i = 1 βδ δ si i h i i (mm) si h i 4.4.5 β 1) 05mβ =1.50 2) 510m β =l 3) 10m β 0 2 s ( 1.50m) 10m( ) d s (10m d zs ) 0.015 4.4.6 p sh 1 p-s s ( ) (S s ) (d)(b) 0.017 2 p-d s d s =0.015 4.4.7 14
4.4.7 4.4.7? zs (mm)? s (mm) zs =70 70 zs =350 zs 350 s =300 300 s =700 s 700 * s >600mm s >300mm 5.1.1 1 6.1.1 1 6.1.3 2 6.1.1 2 6.1.4 3 6.1.5 l 6.1.1 2 6.1.5 23 4 5 F 6 5.1.2 5.1.1 1 2 5.1.3 15
1 50mm 2 5.1.4 5.1.5 6.1.7 5.6.2 5.1.6 G 5.2.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 5.2.2 1 2 3 4 5 5.2.3 1 2 3 4 5.2.4 5.2.4 16
, 5.2.4 (m) 89 1112 5 67 89 1012 4 5 67 89 5 6 7 1 12m 2 3 5.2.5 ( ) 5.2.6 12m 3 25m 5.2.7 6m 0.02 6m 0.005 0.005 5.2.8 6m ( ) 0.95 ( ) 150 300mm 0.95 5.2.9 ( ) 5.2.10 1 ( ) 2 3 EUHL 5.2.11 5.2.12 5.2.13 5.2.14 ( ) 17
5.3.1 l 3 2 450mm 3 4 5.3.2 300mm 5.3.3 0.05 1 8m 1.50m 8m 4m 250mm 2.50m 2 1m 1.50m 3 13m 200mm 35m 4 1m 5m 5.3.4 150mm 300mm 500mm 6l0m 5.3.5 0.01 300500mm ( ) 5.3.6 ( ) 5.3.7 5.3.8 ( ) 5.5.55.5.12 18
5.4.1 1 2 3 4 5.4.2 5.4.3 1 2 3 5.4.4 lm 5.4.5 200mm 300mm lm 1/2 400mm 5.4.6 1 6m 150mm200mm 150mm 200mm 2 3 4 19
16m 2 1m 5 5.4.7 1/3 lm 0.60m ( ) 1m 5.4.8 1m 5.4.9 200mm 300mm 5.4.10 240mm l00mm 80mm 5.5.1 1 2 3 4 5.5.2 1 2 3 5.5.3 5.5.4 20
5.5.5 1 2 3 5.5.6 5.5.5 1 2 0.02 3 4 5 3m 5.5.7 5.5.8 5.4.5 5.5.9 1 2 300mm 3 5.5.10 5.5.11 21
1 150300mm 300mm 2 5.5.12 ( ) ( ) 5.5.13 5.5.14 5.5.15 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.5.16 0.02 300mm 5.5.17 5.5.11 5.5.18 5.5.19 5.6.1 4.4.4 4.4.5 5.6.2 GB 50007 5.6.2 ψ s 22
5.6.2 E s (MPa) 3.30 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50 20.00 ψ s 1.80 1.22 0.82 0.62 0.50 0.40 0.35 0.30 E s E s A i = 5.6.2 Ai E si A i i E si i (MPa) 5.6.3 1 2 3 4 5.6.4 1.20 5.6.5 3m 1.50m f a = f + η r( b 3) + η r ( d 1.50) (5.6.5) f a (kpa) f ak ak b b=3md=1.50m (kpa) 5.6.3 ηb η d 5.6.5? (kn/m 3 ) d m? m (kn/m 3 ) b (m) 3m 6m 3m 6m d (m) 23
(Q 3 ) ( Q ) 1 4 5.6.5 w=24% w24% η b 0.20 0 η d 1.25 1.10 2 ( Q ) 0 1.00 4 ei L 0.85 ei L 0.85 ei L 1.00 I p >10 1 Sr=80% (Q 3 ) ( Q ) 4 0.20 0 0 1.25 1.10 1.00 5.6.6 GB 50007 1 2 5.7.1 1 2 3 4 5 5.7.2 5.7.3 l ( ) 2 3 24
5.7.4 l0m H 5.7.5 5.7.5 50mm 5.7.5 5.7.6 5.7.7 5.7.5 (kpa) (mm) 70200 10 15 200 15 20 5.7.8 5.7.9 5.7.10 5.7.5 6.1.1 6.1.2 l 1/4 0.50m 25
3/4 1m 2 1/2 2m 6.1.3 1 2 6.1.4 1 2/3 l00kpa 2 2/3 150mm 3 2/3 2/3 4m l00kpa 6m 150mm 6.1.5 1 1m l00kpa 2 lm 80kPa 2m l00kpa 2.50m 200mm 3 3m 4m 200mm 6.1.6 3 2 5m 5m P = 0. 20 (6.1.6) z p cz p z z (kpa) p cz z (kpa) z p z =0.10p cz l0m 0.801.20 6.1.7 26
p z + p cz = f az (6.1.7) p z (kpa) p cz (kpa) f az (kpa) 6.1.8 p z p z p z b( pk pc) = (6.1.8-1) b + 2z tanθ lb( pk pc) = (6.1.8-2) ( b + 2z tanθ )( l + 2z tanθ ) b (m) l (m) p k (kpa) p c (kpa) z (m)? 22 30 z/b0.25?=0 6.1.9 1 6.1.10 6.1.10 6.1.10 (m) l3 S r=60 312 s r =65% 515 6m 6m 27
6.1.11 ( ) () 6.1.12 6.1.13 6.1.14 J 3 6.2.1 13m ( ) 6.2.2 ( ) 6.2.3 ( )? c 1 3m ( ) 0.95 2 3m ( ) 3m 0.97? c? c ρ d max ρ d λ c = (6.2.3) ρd max ρ d ( ) ( ) (g/cm 3 ) ( ) (g/cm 3 6.2.4 ( ) ( ) 180kPa 250kPa 6.2.5 ( ) ( ) ( 28 37 28
( ) 6.2.6 ( ) 2/3 ( ) 1 ( ) 100500m 2, 3 2 ( ) 3 3 ( )l0m l 4 150300mm 6.3.1 1 2 1 ( ) 3 612m 0.501.00m 4 ( ) 6.3.2 2 6.3.3 10004000kN m/m 2 2560kPa 6.3.4 1%3% 10% 3% 6.3.5 23 ( 46m) 23 300500mm 6.3.6 29
d s 0.015 6.3.6 kn m 6.3.6 (m) (Q 4 ) (Q 3 ) 10002000 35 20003000 56 30004000 67 40005000 78 50006000 89 78 (Q 2 ) 70008500 912 810 1 2 6.3.7 1 95% 2 7l0d 5001000m 2 512m 1m12 3 30d 6.4.1 6.4.2 S (m) S = D (m) η ρ 2 2 c d max do 0.95 6.4.2 η c ρ D d max ρ ρ d (m) ρ do (g/cm 3 ) ρ d max (g/cm 3 ) do d 30
η c ( D)3 0.93 6.4.3 12m 0.350.45m 12m (d) 0.250.30m (D) 0.500.60m 6.4.4 3 η η d min ρ d min do η d min = (6.4.4) ρd max 0.88 0.84 ρ do 3 (g/cm 3 ) 6.4.5 () 0.97 6.4.6 6.4.7 6.4.8 0.500.70m 12m 6.4.9 0.50m ( ) 6.4.10 2% 1 1m 2/3 6.4.11 6.4.10 1 2 6.5.1 l0m 500mm 6.5.2 1 50m 2 31
3 300mm 5d lmm/d 6.5.3 7.l.1 0.502.00m/d 7.1.2 1 2 3 7.1.3 7.1.4 10d 7.1.5 7.1.6 1 2 7.1.7 10%15% (Na 2 O n SiO 2 ) 2.5% 1.131.15 1.10 2.503.30 2% 7.1.8 X (t) 2 X = πr hn d a (7.1.8) N 32
r (m) h (m) n (%) d N a 0.600.80 7.1.9 1 0.801.20m 0.400.60m 2 lm 3 2 7.1.10 1 2 3 200kPa 7.1.11 1 ( ) 2 0.50m 3 23h 7.l.12 7.1.13 10d 1 2 7.1.14 10mg eq/100g (NaOH) 33
7.1.15 25m 7.1.16 1m 3 3%3545kg 100g/L 80100 5080g/L 7.2.1 1 2 3 7.2.2 1 2 3 4 5 7.2.3 150200mm C20 f 159mm 6mm 7.2.4 ( ) () 0.30m 7.2.5 1 ( )0.20m 2 C20 7.2.6 1 2 34
7.3.1 GB 50007 1 2 7.3.2 7.3.3 1 2 () 20m 3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.3.6 7.3.7 1 20m 2 3 7.3.8 7.3.9 35
36 8.1.1 8.1.2 1 2 3 8.1.3 35m 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 8.2.1 8.2.2 12m 25m l0m 8.2.3 7m l0m 8.2.4 12m 25m
8.2.5 8.2.6 5m 8.2.7 8.3.1 1 2 3 300500mm 4 lm 5 ( ) 3 6 0.93 8.3.2 1 2 3 1) 12 2) 3) 37
8.4.1 3m 8.4.2 1m 0.93 1m 0.95 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 8.5.1 8.5.2 3 8.5.3 ( ) 8.5.4 () () () 0.95 8.5.5 8.5.6 1 400m 1000m 2 0.50m ( ) 1 3 2 38
1 8.5.7 ( ) 8.5.7 8.5.7 (MPa) P P P+0.50 0.90 =0.50 2P =0.50 P+0.50 =0.60 1.50P 0.60 P+0.30 8.5.8 0.60MPa 1.50 l0min 0.10MPa 2h 4h 8.5.9 ( ) 1 2 2 0.50m 8.5.10 8.5.11 8m 24h 8.5.12 8.5.13 0.50m 39
0.90 0.93 9.1.l 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.1.4 9.2.1 ( ) 35 9.2.2 1 1 1 9.2.3 1 6m 9.2.4 9.2.5 ( ) 9.2.6 () () 40
9.3.1 9.3.2 1 9.3.3 9.3.4 B B (Q 4 ) (Q 3 ) (Q 2 ) (Q 1 ) 1 2 (Q 4 ) ( Q ) ( Q 4 4 C.0.1 1 2 3 4 C.0.2 1 50150kPa 41
2 R=-68.45e+10.98a-7.16?+1.18w R 0 =-154.80 R>R 0 e a (MPa -1 ) 50150kPa 0100kPa w (%)? (kn/m 3 ) D.0.1 1 () 1 3 1m 1m 2 D.0.2 3050mm ( ) D.0.3 120mm 3mm 10 12 12%15% D-1 D D-1 mmmm mm mm mm mm 129 120 122 150200 2.002.50 200 15 12 D.0.4 1 2 3 4 5 42
D-1 1 2 3 4 5 D s D w D e D t E 60m 14 14 50m l00m 6000 36m l00t l00t 10000t 2460m 3050m 50l00m() 24m 36m 30t 100t 10000t 7 7 30m 50m 24m 30t l0t () 12 F.0.1 F.0.2 ( ) 43
F.0.3 F.0.4 ( ) 0.30m 0.50m 1.002.50m ( ) ( ) 0.97 0.93 G.0.1 G.0.2 G.0.3 3 G.0.4 G.0.5 G.0.6 G.0.7 G.0.8 G.0.9 H H.0.1 1 10m 2 ( ) 44
5m 10m 3 500mm 100150 mm 300mm H.0.2 1 10d 1.001.50 2 H.0.3 1 1% 3 2 3 4 ( ) 15d H.0.4 GB50007 J.0.1 1 2 ( ) (d) (b) 1m 3 ( ) 1) 1 1.50 2) 1 ( ) (d) 1.05 1.13 3) J.0.2 1 3 45
2 3 4 1020mm 5 3 6 J.0.3 10 2 J.0.4 1 0.50h 1 2h 1h 0.10mm 2h J.0.5 1 l0d 200mm 1 J.0.6 1 2 s - (p-s) 3 24h 4 s/b(s/d)=0.06 J.0.7 34 J.0.8 (p) (s)p-s 1 p-s 2 p-s 2 3 p-s (s) (d) (b) 1) s/d s/b=0.010 2) s/d s/b=0.006 3) s/d s/b=0.0060.008 4) s/d s/b=0.010 1/2 46
47 1 1) 2) 3) 2 1.0.1 GBJ25 90 () 1.0.2 ( ) 1.0.3
1.0.4 3 3.0.1 3 1 2 3 40m 2440m 60m 14 14 2460m E F 3.0.2 3.0.3 48
49 4 41 4.1.1 4.l.3 4.1.7 I I I 1312 3 I D 4.1.9 ( ) 42 4.2.1 4.2.24.2.3
1 2500 2 6 1020m" () 3 3 438 4.2.4 4.2.5 1 4 2 5 5m 5m l0m 3 4 ( ) ( ) 5 4.3 4.3.1 4 3 ( I ) 50
4.3.2 4.3.3.~4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.7 h0 A B C C 1 h0 A A 1 B 2 C2 A 1 B 2 C 2 A 1 B 1C 1 c 2 c 1 p δ h p = hw 1 k( hw 1 hwp ) h h w h h h = h 1 2 1 w1 w2 w1 w h p h wp s = k 51
h h P= p hp [ h δ s= = h 0 w1 k( h h 0 w1 h wp )] hw 1 h2 k = hw 1 hw2 1.0±0.2 p(kpa) 25 50 75 100 150 200 h p (mm) 19.940 19.870 19.778 19.685 19.494 19.160 17.280 h wp (mm) 19.855 19.260 19.006 18.440 17.605 17.075 κ =(19.855 17.280) (19.855 17.075)=0.926 h p 18.855 19.570 19.069 18.545 17.772 17.280 δ 0.004 0.015 0.035 0.062 0.086 0.094 s pds ds =0015 Psh 50kPa () 4.3.6 3 2 ( ) 4.3.7 0.25m 2 0.50m 2 1m 2 0.50m 2 () 4.3.8 12 52
4.4 Q 4 (Q 1 4 Q 2 ) 4 Q 3 Q 2 4.4.1 20 50 GBJ 25 90 δ s<0.015 δ s 0.015 4.4.2 δ =0.03 0.03< δ s =0.07 δ s >0.07 4.4.3 4.4.4 34m 5080kPa ( ) 1 1 1 53 s
0 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.5 4.4.4 4.4.4 (m m) (mm) (mm) 10 l0 14 14 185 155 104 91.20 1.78 1.70 11.75 12.10 12.70 13.00 567 635 360 1.57 1.77 34 55 34 17 15 15 *5 5 1151.50 1075 540 δ 2.13 1.99 860 360 231.50 zs 10 10 10 959 870 501 1.91 1.74 16 28 586 405 1.45 15 15 395 250 1.58 15 20 5 1288 1172 935 855 1.38 1.38 9 9 357 229 1.56 10 10 *5 5 477 182 365 1.31 11 105 88.75 1.10 10 10 207 212 0.97 10 10 338 292 1.16 12 12 *6 6 364 25 308 1.19 524 12 90 142 064 20 20 344 281.50 1.22 l0 86 126 202 0.68 0.43 15 66 120 0.55 15 15 92 171 0.53 20 213.5 480 0.45 4.4.5 54
1 2 05m ß=1.5 5l0m ß=1 l0m ß 0 3 ß 4 5m 78 l0m( ) 5 l0m 200kPa l0m d s ( 1.5m)10m 200kPal0m ( 300kPa 300kPa) l0m d s l0m 300kPa 4.4.6 20 d s =0.015 p-s s s s 6(s s d)=0.017 p-s (s s ) (d) (b) 0.017 4.4.7 5m l0m 5 5.1 5.1.1 55
1 600 20 70 80 2 10000m 2 15m BJG2066 500mrn 19741976 BJG2066 1987 3 6 4 5 5.1.2 5.1.1 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 G 56
57 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 524 BJG20 60 2460m l2m I lm 5.2.5 5.2.6 25m 1 17m
37m 2 30m 30m 3 25m 5.2.14 5.3 5.3.1 3 450mm 1 2 3 l 3.5 2 370mm 1.50m 551mm 18 3 3 5.3.3 5.3.4 300mm 500mm 612m 58
59 6l0m 5.3.5 5.3.7 5.4 5.4.1 1 2 3 KPI 5.4.2
5.4.3 1 2 1) 2) 1 2 542 3 5.4.4 1m 5.4.5 2 5.4.6 1 ( ) 2 3 GB 50003 612 4 2 5 4 ( ) 16m 3.2.1 6 GB 50003 GB 50011 7 5.4.7 5.4.8 5.5 60
61 (I) 5.5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 ( ) ( ) 7 ( 6 )
62 ( ) 60 70 ( ) 5.5.2 (DN200DN2200 ) 2000 (UPVC) (CPVC) (PE) (PPR) (PAP) (SP) 20 20 6070 ( ) 2030
63 PCCP" 6003000mm 1000km 5.5.5 20 60 5.5.6 0.02 0.02 5.5.11
5.5.13 () 5.5.14 CJJT 81 CJT 3002 5.5.15 5.5.16 5.5.17 5.5.185.5.19 5.6 5.6.1 1 2 3 5.6.2 64
1 2 3 () ( ) 5.6.2 4 5.6.3 1 2 ( ) 5.6.4 1.2 5.6.5 1 2 GBJ2590 3 e I L ( ) 0.85e I L ( ) 0.85e I L ( ) 1 I p >10 ( ) 5.6.6 ( ) ( ) ( ) 65
5.7.1 5.7 20 70 5.7.2 I L <0 13 5.7.3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.7.4 lom R a = q A + uq (ι z) uq z 5.7.4-1 pa P sa sa q pa (kpa) A p (m 2 ) u (m) 66
q sa (kpa) l (m) Z (m) q q pa sa I l s re / Dr wp = w w l p 5.7.4-2 s r 85 e Dr wl w p 1 10m 10m 2 3 20 70 3000kN 6mm 1500kN 2 600mm 5.7.5 1 50mm 2 1) 67
2) 20 70 5.7.5-1 5.7.5-1 (mm) (kpa) 754 16.30 60 15.00 754 27.40 90 14.20 q sa 5.7.5-2 575-2 (kpa) I L >l 1017 0.75<I L =1.00 17 2,4 e>0.90 1020 0.70<e=090 2030 W L =28 W P =18 e=090 S r =80 1 10 20kPa 8 5.7.5-3 68
5.7.5-3 (mm) 1975 754 16.30 1988 100 10.80 (kpa) zs <200mm zs >200mm 3) GBJ 25 90 5.7.5-4 5.7.5-4 (kpa) (mm) 70100 10 15 =200 15 20 5.7.6 5.7.8 1 ( ) 2 3 4 5.7.9 1 2 69
70 6 6.1 6.l.1 ( ) ( ) 150250mm () () 6.1.2 BGJ 20 66 TJ 25 78 GBJ 25 90 ( ) ( ) (B=6+2Ztanθ ) 13 400mm 12 2m 1 6.1.2
() 6.1.3 70mm 20(p z =0.20p cz ) 6.1.4 ( d s =0.07d zs =0.05) (d s =0.05d zs =0.03) 2460m 220mm 130mm 220mm 23 l00kpa 23 150mm 23 23 71
72 6.1.5 I lm l00kpa 70mm 70mm 300mm 1m 80kPa 2m l00kpa 2.50m 200mm 6.6.6 3 2 20 6.1.7 6.1.9 6.1.10 ( ) 6.1.11 ( ) ( )
() ( ) 6.1.12 6.1.13 6.1.14 ( ) J 6.2 6.2.1 13m 3m 6.2.3? c? c ( ) ρ d ( ) ρ dmax {? c = ρ d ρ dmax } 2.50kg 305mm 591.60kJm 3 4.50kg 457mm 2682.70kJm 3 4.53 37 1.56gm 3 20.90 1.71g/m 3 18.60 37 1.10 37 ( ) 73
74
75 %) 3 1% ( p w A h W W W Q OP + = 0.01 1 ) ( ρ
76 OP W W ρ
77 w r S w
78
79
80 1 O% % s 2 2 i = Na o
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
R=-6.82e+9.72a o R=10.86e+9.77a 0.48 γ (C.0.2-2) o R=-68.45e+10.98a-7.16 γ +1.18 w Ro =154.80 R=-65.19e+10.67a-6.91 γ +1.18 w +1.79 w l o R>Ro 1 γ w l w=16.80γ 1 88
89
90
91
92