behavioral sensitization (Robinson, 1984) substantia nigra, SN (Robinson, 1984) Dahlstrom Fuxe (Dahlstrom and Fuxe, 1965) 12 A1~A12 A13 A17 10
mesencephalic DA cell system telencephalon mesotelencephalon dopaminergic system 3-4 80 (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) tuberoinfundibular DA cell A12 nucleus arcuate periventricular nuclei pituitary median eminence prolactin 11
A 9 substantia nigra, SN A 10 ventral tegmental area, VTA pars compacta nigrostriatal pathway mesocortical pathway nucleus accumbens, NAc mesolimbic pathway (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) - basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits motor oculomotor prefrontal limbic 12
cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (Carlsson, 1988) 1 2 3 (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) mesocorticolimbic dopamine system 13
precursor tyrosine tyrosine hydroxylase TH dihydrophenylalamine DOPA L-aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase vesicles transporter pool 1 releasable 2 storage exocytosis reuptake reserpine 14
autoreceptor heteroreceptor 1997 / -ATPase 1997 15
(Robinson and Becker, 1986; Robinson and Berridge, 1993) monoamine oxidase MAO DOPAC dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid COMT catechol-o-methyl transferase HVA homovanillic acid 3-MT 3-methoxy-tyramine DOPAC HVA HVA DOPAC Fig 4 1997 DOPAC DOPAC L-DOPA tyrosine hydroxylase TH 16
1993 D 1 -like D 2 -like D 1 -like D 1 D 5 D 2 -like D 2 D 3 D 4 D 1 D 2 autoregulatory receptor D 3 D 4 D 2 D 5 (Josselyn et al., 1997) D 1 D 5 Gs adenylyl cyclase camp phospholipase C D 2 Gi adenylyl cyclase camp D 3 D 4 17
Liberman 1990 presynaptic autoreceptor dopamine 6-hydroxydopamine 6-OHDA (Lieberman et al., 1990) locomotion stereotype reward 18
5 mg/kg (Fischer and Cho, 1979) - (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) Garlsson 1959 Parkinson s disease bradykinesia rigidity extrapyramidal system 6-OHDA (Ungerstedt, 1971) 19
Levodopa L-DOPA (Ungerstedt, 1971; Marshall and Ungerstedt, 1976; Marshall and Gotthelf, 1979) stereotype behavioral (Randrup and Munkvad, 1967) (Creese and Iversen, 1973; Kelly et al., 1975) (Kelly et al., 1975; Kelly and Iversen, 1976) (Koob and Bloom, 1988) (Pijnenburg and van Rossum, 1973; Costall et al., 1975; Jones et al., 1981) Freed Yamamoto(Freed and Yamamoto, 1985) 20
amplifier (Pijnenburg et al., 1975) (Costall et al., 1975; Kelly et al., 1975) DOPA microdialysis voltamertry 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT (Robinson and Becker, 1986) VTA (Pijnenburg et al., 1975) forebrain (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) 21
(Hooks et al., 1994) 0.2-2 mg/kg 5 mg/kg licking biting (Porrino et al., 1984) 10 mg/kg (Lieberman et al., 1990) 1986 Kuczenski 2.5 mg/kg (Kuczenski et al., 1991) hypervigilant 22
(Wise, 1978) (Agarwal et al., 1985; Robinson and Becker, 1986) Ujike et al., 1990 (Robinson, 1984) 1971 Ellinwood (Ellinwood and Cohen, 1971) (Segal and Mandell, 1974; Wise and Leeb, 1993) 23
(Paulson and Robinson, 1991; Wolgin, 1995) reverse tolerance (Lieberman et al., 1990) paranoid schizophrenia 1 2 3 pre-synaptic autoreceptor downregulation 4 pre-synaptic hyperpolarizing input 5 vesicle (Robinson and Becker, 1986; Segal and Kuczenski, 1992) (Robinson and Becker, 1986; Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) VTA initiation (Kalivas and Stewart, 1991) 24
expression (Kolta et al., 1989; Henry and White, 1991; Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) Pijnenburg Segal intraventricular (Paulson and Robinson, 1991) Ellison pellet (Ellison, 1994) 25