12 3 000 On site conservation Off site conservation 12.1 12.1.1 Equus Przewalski Elaphuras dividianus Oryx leucoryx Mastela nigropes Falco peregrinus
600 1400 M.evevsmanni Cynomys in- douicianus 90 Barnes 1982 40 1967 1973 1974 1972 1974 Patuxent 1978 1984 1984 Meeteetse 128 1985 Meeteetse 8 1985 6 6 6 1986 12 50 90 1988 2010 10 30 15 000 1985 IUCN CBSG 1988
12.1.2 Shirley 1990 1991 49 4 5 10 1992 12 1992 4 1992 Biggins Godbee 1993 Primack 1993 80 3 IUCN 1000 Smith 1986
12.2 12.2.1 Ballou Rails 1982 Wright 1.2 2.89 70 X X Soule 1987 0.1 1 Franklin 1980 50 500 1000 000 Land Barrow Clough 1987 Soule 1987 18 50 18 20
250 110 o 45 o 1989 1869 1900 19, 11 Bedford 18, 24, 2000 1985 1987, 1996, 180 120 1993 70 Goodman 1987 Ballou Oakleaf 1989 10 5 12-1 12-2 () 5 5 5 (%) 68 68 68 () 3.4 3.4 3.4 (%) 80 9.5 9.5 (%) 54 65 65 (%) 0 50 80 2 3 (%) 50 80 80 () 2.0 2.5 2.4 (%) 128 202 230 / (%) 23 49 60 Ballou Oakleaf 1989
Ne/N 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 0.2 940 1 440 2 878 64 937 0.3 535 762 1 236 3 145 0.4 381 514 853 1 638 0.5 290 391 584 1 104 7 565 0.6 235 317 463 856 3 665 0.7 199 265 385 763 2 450 0.8 172 228 330 566 1 909 0.9 152 200 288 486 1 452 1.0 137 179 255 427 1 206 0.2 717 968 1 436 2 619 11 027 0.3 466 605 881 1 491 4 392 0.4 339 449 628 1 043 2 824 0.5 271 352 492 817 2 052 0.6 224 292 417 763 1 607 0.7 189 251 352 665 1 332 0.8 166 216 303 483 1 125 0.9 148 193 271 433 968 1.0 132 172 242 387 865 0.2 676 888 1 268 2 040 5 125 Ballou Oakleaf 1989 0.3 455 584 817 1 322 3 037 0.4 332 427 597 966 2 172 0.5 264 339 474 767 1 690 0.6 218 287 393 622 1 407 0.7 139 243 339 537 1 190 0.8 121 214 293 464 1 028 0.9 108 108 264 406 907 1.0 97 97 233 369 800 1 1 12-2 Ne N 0.2 0.6 85 Ne N 0.3 0.6 12-2 200 Ne N 0.5 2 000 90 75 80 500 500 50 50 40
12.2.2 2 fe = 1 / ( ) 12.1 Nf pi i Nf p i 30 11.8 18.2 kinship coefficients hard 1995 Ebene- fij ij i mki mki = ( i= N j= 1 1,, N 1 fij) / N x xj kinship value Kv Kv = ( fijxj) / xj 12.2 Nf 12.3 Nf Broxx
Acinonyx jubafus Manton 1976 12.3.1 iverra zibetha 20 8 900m 2 1990 12.3.2 imprinting 30
tame 360kg 400kg Jiang Hudson 1992 1.5m 1.5m 3m 12.3.3 5 Harlow Barrett 1986 12.3.4 Momotus sp Smith 1977
ervert 4 Polemaetus bellicosus Seyfarth Cheney 1980 12.4 Senner 1980 System International Species Information maculicollis ISIS Mustela erminea Luttra ISIS 22 4 55 6 54 1 800 213 000 600 000
12.4.1 2 460 ARKS 180 MedARRS 260 SPARKS 1994 2 ISIS 400 ISIS Internet Ballou 1984 7 95 20 12-1 Lacy 1987 12.4.2 Geronticus calvus Akcakaya 1990
12-1 Sybillo 18 1987 Cater 1988 Kleiman 1989 Kleiman 1989 70 Falco punctatus 170 4 30 Strigops
habroptilus 70 22 Little Barrier Morrhouse Powlesl 1991 Griffith 1989 100 Oryx leucoryx Stanley-Price 1983 12.5 12.5.1 3 000 50 Conway 1988 171 10 600 1963 100 4 1987 1990 3 9 1989 1990 37 45 1994 Ralls Ballou 1983 274 10
Seal 1988 ISIS Ames 1991 12.5.2 1500 3.5 15 IUCN WWF 1989 7 2.5 10 2 700 IUCN Reid Miller 1989 Arnold Woods 110 72 1 4 Raven 1981 18 1995
IUCN WWF 1989 250 25 4 000 700 5 10 IUCN Botanical Garden Conservation Secretariat BGCS 12.6 12.6.1 50
National Plant Germplasm System NPGS 8 700 40 Fort Collins -196 23 6 Abelson 1991 15 Center for Conser- vation of Plants 1991 5 10 15 10 12.6.2 Genome resource bank -196 12-3 IUCN 1992 IUCN Panthera tigris 8 12-4 Taman IUCN
(Addax nasomuculatus) (Antilope cervicapra) (Bos javanicus) (Callithrix jacchus) Cynomdgus monkey 1993 (P. t. tigris) 4 000 3 000 (P. t. sumatrae) 600 400 (P. t. corbetti) 1 500 1 000 (P. t. altaica) 500 300 (P. t. amoyemsis) 50 30 (P. t. vigata) (P. t. sondaica) (P. t. balica) 70 80 40 170 1990 12.7 IUCN SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group CBSG
12.7.1 Conservation Breeding Specialist Group CBSG 1994 CBSG 1978 149 CBSG 1985 CBSG CBSG SSC Mace Mace Lande CBSG 1800 9 IUCN CBSG CBSG 12.7.2 Species Survival Plan SSP 38 12-5 1000 IUCN Foose 1990 Seal Foose 1983a b arecia variegata Lemur macaco Macca silenus Gorilla gorilla Pongo pygmeus
Lutra sp. Chrysocyon brachyurus Canis rufus Ailurus fulgens Panthera tigris Panthera leo Panthera unica Neofelis nebulosa Elephas maximus Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Rhinoceros unicornis Diceros bicornis Ceratotherium simum Equus gre Equus caballas Catagonus wageneri Gaur Oryx leucoryx Oryx dammah 12.7.3 Conservation Assessment and Management Plan CAMP CAMP 10 40 IUCN CAMP 3 CAMP GCAP 4
CAMP CAMP CAMP CAMP 12.7.4 CBSG 1994 Global Captive Action Planning Global Captive Action Recommendations GCAP GCAR GCAR GCAR GCAP Birdlife International GCAP CAMP Mace-L e GCAP GCAP ISIS GCAR GCAR GCAR 200 10