G-1011-13567 2011 10
I
II
III
1... 1 1.1... 1 1.2... 3 1.3... 6 2... 9 2.1... 9 2.2... 10 2.3... 11 2.4... 12 2.5... 13 2.6... 15 3... 17 3.1... 17 3.2... 22 3.3... 28 4... 29 4.1... 30 4.2... 36 4.3... 39 4.4... 47 5... 49 5.1... 49 5.2... 53 5.3... 56 6... 59 6.1... 59 6.2... 66 IV
6.3... 67 6.4... 69 6.5... 73 6.6... 74 7... 76 7.1... 76 7.2... 77 7.3... 77 7.4... 78 7.5... 81 7.6... 82 7.7... 83 7.8... 84 7.9... 85 7.10... 85... 88 V
1 1.1 80 1882 CHP 50% CCHP 70% 1
WADE 1 2 3 IEA 2004 8 2
1 2 3 70% 1.2 1 5%-10% 70% 80% 2 CO 2 SO 2 NOx 3
3 4 2007 80% 8:1 40% 4
1 2 3 5
1.3 80 6
24-7
8
2 2.1 2010 10 9
2.2 10
2.3 11
2.4 70%~75% 2015 2600 m 3 12
2.5 13
7~8 14
2.6 2010 4 2008 15
70%-90% 16
3 3.1 1 30 100 kw 2 3 17
4 3.1.1 70% 30% 40% 3.1 32 kw 18
3.1 kw 1 1200 2 80 3 2400 4 180 5 1500 6 9 1088 7 3000 8 3000 9 1200 10 150000 11 150000 12 35 13 8000 3.1.2 90 2005 200 kw 2005 2008 19
1000 2008 2009 19 3.2 2015 105 5.5 kw 8000 m 3 3.2 kw 1 357 2 315 3 480 4 1166 5 350 6 60 7 65 8 250 9 250 10 100 11 30 20
12 500 13 60 14 200 15 4000 16 1000 17 711 453 18 992 19 3.1.3 2010 100 kw 3.3 kw 21
1 156000 2 10000 3 1100 4 600 3.2 3.2.1 50 14.58% 2002 13.9 GJ 1 1997 39 22
2 2000 3 2004 23
65% 4 2006 5 2007 6 2007 2008 4 1 24
2010 2011 1000 2020 5000 kw 10 2011 4 3.2.2 1 1 2004 25
2 2008 11 ( 1000 /kw ) 3 2005 2 1 26
2 2008 3 4 2008 2008 27
3.3 1 2 3 28
4 6000 200 170 2000 30% 6000 1000 4.1 2008 2012 CO 2 1990 21% SAVE 2010 22% Distributed Energy Resources CCHP 2020 A 2010 20% B 2020 29
EEBPP CO 2 SO 2 NOx 4.1 1 1978 1980 1995 15 1200 kw 4500 kw 2000 700 350 kw 600 2900 kw 2003 5600 kw 7% 2008 3,374 8,520 8.6% 300 170 72 1999 2020 2010 20% 30
9,200 kw 14% 2020, 50% 9,500 kw 29% 2010 460, 4.1 CHP 2 kw 500 kw 31
4.2 CHP 2 DOE EPA USCHPA IDEA 8 32
1 1978 2 2001 10% 20% 3 2003 IEEE 1547 IEEE1547 FERC 2MW 10MW 4 2005 8 Ø 33
Ø 18 Ø 5 2006 FERC 20MW 6 34
7 2010 460 Ø 2007 7 50% 1000 50% 5 10% 2 1 2007 1 1 2016 1 1 Ø 2007 (B&O) 3% 2007 6 30 35
50% 500 2007 6 30 50% 750 Ø 2005 11 30 4.2 1 1985 20 kw 2003 650 kw 2004 700 kw 23% 40 kw 45 kw 6% 2007 923 kw 1,268 kw 1kW-300kW 2000 36
1kW 2010 944 kw 6,319 197 kw 7,473 212 kw 4.3 4.4 2030 20% 4.3 2010 4.4 2010 37
2 1990 1 1986 2 1995, 9 3 30% 7% 40% 70% 2.3% 4 NEDO 15% 500 1/3 50% 5 SUWA 10 38
67 4.3 1 9% 30 2010 18 1.5 4.5 10% kw MW 时 亚 兰 兰 % 4.5 1 20 70 99% 39
80 60% 2006 569 kw 10 30% 1980 2005 GDP 56% 3% 2 1990 2008 2007 547 kw 28.6TWh 7% 10 40
3 50% 2005 2,100 kw 12.5% 2020 12.5% 25% 4 2007 28% 74% 29% 26.8TWh 2 2007 1 2020 20% 41
1997 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 1 28% 47 CO 2 1990 2006 1990 1MW 42
2 20 30 0.07 /kwh 1992 1996 1993 2002 1950 30 50 1995 1996 40 CO 2 0.15 /kwh 1997 70 4MW 8 4MW 6 43
1998 2006 2 1998 100kW 1999 2010 10,000MW 2001 2001 4 10 0.43 / kwh 0.15 /kwh 20% 44
3 1998 40 2 /m 3 4 1998 45
30% Ø 70% 0.085 /kwh Ø Ø 57.5% Ø 0.164 /kwh 0.348 /kwh 2002 1 25 Ø Ø kwh Ø 2MW 46
4.4 1 DOE EPA 2 3 47
4 IEEE 2003 IEEE1547 5 48
5 2015 2020 2600 m 3 4000 m 3 20~30% 2015 2020 1000 1600 7800 kw 1.2 kw 3.6 7 5.1 5.1.1 49
2020 2000 m 3 2015 2600 m 3 / 4% 8% 50
5.1.2 20 GDP 2015 52% 2030 65% 51
27% 1 2015 80% 5.1.3 52
5.1.4 2010 4 5.2 1 2 53
3 4 5 54
2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 55
5.3 56
57
58
6 6.1 6.1.1 1 1980 2 1988 59
3 1998 2002 2003 2005 2008 2010 6.1.2 60
2008 61
6.1.3 60 20 80 62
1 1996 20 80 80 1988 1 1997 2 63
1 2 3 (2) 1997-2002 1996 2010 1999 64
3 2003 2002 2002 2003 65
6.2 1 2 66
3 6.3 1 67
2 68
6.4 1 2002 69
2 70
3 4 71
5 1 2 15.00 / / 3 72
70% 7-9 70% 2010 7-9 6.5 73
6.6 74
75
7 7.1 76
7.2 7.3 77
7.4 78
1 2 Ø 79
Ø Ø Ø Ø 3 80
7.5 81
7.6 1 2 3 82
7.7 2-3 83
7.8 84
7.9 2010 7.10 85
86
1 2011 5 2 2011 4 3 2010 12 4 2006 11 5 2010 2 6 7 2008 6 8 2010 2 9 2010 6 87
1 3.2 2003 2004 7 220 290 kwh 65% 70% 90 2 88
Ø 1 1 / G3512 G3508 2 kw 725 480 3 % 33. 9 37.7 4 (100% ) 468 500 5 100% 98 98 2 1 / BZHE200 BZHE100 2 kw 2326 1163 3 kw 1799 901 4 / 170/500 170/500 5 / 145/500 145/500 6 / 82/98 82/98 7 104kcal/h 117 58.3 Ø 89
1 Ø 1 90
2 3 2 7 91
3 12 92
4 1.5 1.1 1.12 3 4 Ø 850 900 93
3 1 2 278 84 6 3 75 4 209 5 100 6 190 7 92 8 98 9 1726 Ø 4 + 1 kwh 87.01 kwh 82.18 kwh 72.51 kwh 179.2 179.2 kwh 175 175 2 Nm 3 94.6 21 kwh 0 102.94 kwh 0 98.11 kwh 0 80.47 3 268 328.37 179.5 41 94
0 239.37 88.5 48 4 60.37 5 1726 853 6 14.5 1 1.271 /kwh 0.806 /kwh 0.366 /kwh 2 1.85 /Nm 3 1.95 /Nm 3 100 40 60 Ø 230t 5 + + 1135 1369 17% CO 2 / 1300 95
31% 5 Ø 70% 80%~90% 96
Ø 4 /m 3 3 /m 3 Ø 97