The Medieval Military Organization of Tibetan Bod Occupied Territory. Lin, Kuan-chun
1 1 1985 32-63 khrom 131-138 1987 3 40-48 1989 1 102-117 khrom 1992 2 98-101 1994 3 44-54 1997 1998 2001 1 97-104 H. Richardson The Province of bde-blon of the Tibetan Empire,8 th to 9 th Centuries pp305-315 Indo-Sino-Tibetica, Studi in onore di Luciano Petech Roma 1990
Zings po rje Srong btsan sgam po mnga ris zhang zhung sum pa mgar stong rtsan yul zung?-667 stong sde stong dpon ru stod smad g yas ru ru dpon sku srung gi stong sde stong bu chung 2 dbu ru g yo ru g yas ru ru lag dbus gtsang yang lag sum pa i ru 2 2006 89-90 ja rgod kyi stong sde dpa bo gtsug lag pheng ba, chos byung mkhas pa i dga ston 19 6 New Delhi 1962
3 ru chen lnga, rgod kyi stong sde drug bcu tham pa 4 3 ru chen lnga, rgod kyi stong sde drug bcu rtsa gcig sum pa i ru stong khyab rgya ldan gyi stong sde bcu gcig go dpa bo gtsug lag phreng ba, op.cit. 20 3-4 4 89 110 155
5 6 F.W. Thomas stong dpon 7 stong sde 8 9 11 12 5 Gung srong gung btsan btsan mo A zha bza mong rje khri dkar btsan mo khri bangs dpa bo gtsug lag phreng ba, op, cit, 47 3 Fonds Pelliot Tibetain in Choix de Documents Tib etains conserves a la biblioth eque Nationale Paris, 1978, 1979, I.O. 750, pl,582, 51-52 6 rgyal phran 34-35 7 F.W. Thomas, Tibetan Literary and Documents concerning Chinese Turkestan, Part II, vol.56. fol.72, pp22-25, London, 1951. 8 F.W. Thomas. Op. cit. part II. Vol.69. fol.84. pp8-10. 9 142 10 dpa bo gtsug lag phreng ba, op.cit 20 7 11 F.W. Thomas, op. cit. partii. p30. 12 M. Lalou, Inventaire des Manuscrits tibetains de Touen- houang, part 2. p.86. Bibliotheque Nationale, MDDCCCL, 1947.
bde blon bka lung mying gis stsal nas // bdag cag bu tsa kha cig gzhon ba dang rje blas gyis bskal pa i skabsu // bde blon gis khye gtsug bskoste 13 // 14 13 F.W. Thomas, op. cit. part II. p23. 14 1992 400-401 15 Pelliot Tibetain P.T.1287. pl. 576. 521-524
Zhang lon chen pho long cu nas / / bde blon rnams la spring ngo 16 // bde blon rnams 17 18 19 20 bde blon khams chen po bde gams khams 21 bka gtsigs dang po 16 Pelliot Tibetain P.T.113. pl. 98. 2 17 1981 2385 18 1984 225 19 20 216 21 bde gams Pelliot Tibetain PT.1079. pl.424. 5 Li Fang kuei, Notes on stag sgra klu khung, in Contributions on Tibetan Language, History and Culture. Wein 1983, p178. 22 dp a bo gtsug lag phreng ba, op. cit, 109 2-4
stong 24 bde bde blon bde dbyard btsan po yab rma grom gyi yo ti cu bzangs na bzhugs shing 28 ka kha kha ga ca cha ta tha pa pha tsa tsha 23 1960 143 24 mkhas pa i dga ston 1982 4 36 25 Pelliot Tibetain P.T.16. pl.13. 34a 3 I.O.751. pl. 13.35a. 1 26 Pelliot Tibetain I.O.750, pl.581. 17 27 khrom 136 28 Pelliot Tibetain I.O.750, pl.584. 95-96 29 132
so khams kyi khrom ni dal / yul chen po i dbus skyid cing dar par 30 khrom khrom khri bshos khrom rma khrom so blon sde lnga khri bshos khrom rma khrom khrom khrom khrom so blon so blon Chab srid che ste long shan la rgyu yan chad // pyag du bzhes nas / mthong khyab khri sde lnga btsugs / bde blon khams chen po gchigs gsar du bkyed do 32 // 30 Pelliot Tibetain I.O.751, pl.16. 40b. 3 31 H.E. Richardson, loc. cit. pp308-309. 15 32 Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.1287, pl.571. 383-384
33 mthong khyab khri sde lnga 34 so blon sde lnga 35 mthong khyab khri sde lnga 36 mthong khyab mthong khyab khri sde lnga 38 so blon sde lnga 39 so blon de lnga 40 33 H.E. Richardson, loc. cit. pp305. 34 1992 167 35 1992 172 36 1990 124 37 231-237 38 O 39 O O 40 98
bde khro khro ke u 41 Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.16, pl. 12. 33a. 1 P.T.16, pl. 13. 34a. 3 42 1999 192 p3770 43 137 44 5 45 216 46 44 47 5-6 100 48 s2146 249 49 Pelliot Tibetain, BM Or. 8212 187, pl. 593. 33 50 ke u sheng 2000 57 120
51 52 (,1983) 53 54 1984 225 55 Pelliot Tibetain, I.O. 751. pl. 15. 38b. 2-3 P.T. 1089. 30 35 1989 1 104-105 56 6-7 57 Pelliot Tibetain, I.O. 751. pl. 15. 39b. 1-2 pl. 16. 40a. 2 p.3770 193 58 Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.1079. pl.424. 4-6 7-8 59 25-36
khar tsan leng cu khar tsan phyogs su thog ma drangs pa i / dmag dpon du / dka stsald gyi kyang he was commissioned as general to make an attack first in the direction of khar-tsan He was also ordered to be the army commander leading the troops in the direction of khar-tsan mkhar tsan 4 1980 28 30 6 H.E. Richardson A Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions, Royal Asiatic Society, 1985, p.11. Fang kuei Li and W.South Coblin A Study of the Old Tibetan Inscriptions, Taipei, 1987, p.158. 1982 74 60 138 61 O 62 Christopher I. Beckwith, The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia, New Jersey, 1987. pp.157-163. 63 F.W. Thomas,. op. cit. part II. P.124. 64 81 124
65 322-323 66 67 68 69
cu khor bring 70 PT.1089 103-114
rtse rje blon rgya i khri pon rgya i khri spyan to dog chen po rtse rje og pon to dog chungu rgya i spyan rtse rje chungu mngan go cu rub i stong cung bod las bskos khri dpon gyi yi ge pa 72 rtse rje blon 71 105 110 43-44 42 72 105-106 110-111
to dog ched po rtse rje og pon to dog chungu rgya i spyan rtse rje chungu mngan go cu rub khri dpon yige pa 73 73 107-108 114
74 106 75 106
do stag skyes rgya i to dog dang bod kyi rtse rje i zlar bskos te 76 mig 80 76 PT.1089 55 56 106 77 PT.1089. 29 bdag cag to dog ched po / rtse rje i zlar bskoste / 104 50 78 79 PT.1089. 77 107 80 116 6 81 19
82 S. 2736 / 2 38 stong dpon bo lag shi PT.1083, 1085 1984 5 174 83 PT.1083, 1085 174 84 49
bde blon khams chen po 85 42 86 mchims zhang rgyal zigs shu teng ja zhang rgyal zigs shu ther mchims Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.1287. pl.561. 114 dpa bo gtsug lag phreng ba. op. cit. 109, 4-5 87 dpa bo gtsug lag phreng ba. op. cit. 109, 4-5 88 78 193-194 213-214 89 Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.1083. pl.429. 1-9 1983 51-52
90 Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.1113. pl.449. 1-7 1988 186 PT.1113 91 Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.113. zhang lon ched po blon chen po zhang lon ched po Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.113. pl. 98. 1-7 92 P.T.1089. 52-65 52 byi ba lo i dbyar / zhang lon ched po so la mchis pa i dun tsa long cur btab pa i lan la 106 111 93 37 94 Pelliot Tibetain, P.T.1085. pl.432. 1-9 P.T.1083 1085 173 95 98 96 50
97 98 10 14 99 174 100 dpa bo gtsug lag phreng ba. Op.cit. 130 1-3 101 102 ja zangs yig mdo khams dbang po dpa bo gtsug lag phreng ba. Op.cit. 21 6-7 20 1993 14
103 270 104 218 105 188 106 185 107 12-13 101 108 54 58 69 118 227 1986 109 12 110 193-194 111 86
112 156 113 114 115 116 38 117 13 118
119 dmag go chog gi blon zhang khri sum rje sbeg lha gung blon chen po dpon dmag gung blon og pon dmag gung blon og pon gung blon chen po dmag go chog gi blon 14-15 Fang kuei Li and W.South Coblin, op. cit. p.60 120 Pelliot Tibetain P.T.1079. pl. 424. 1-23 46-48
121 1994 163-164 122
mdo khams bde khams bde khams bde blon khams chen po bde blon khams chen po bde khams 123 101 13-14
bde khams
Abstract This study used a holistic, comparative, and documentary works review approach documentary works of Medieval Tibetan frontier military organization during the Tang s period. The paper traces the evolution and implications of this several unsolved core issues, such as the principle and causality of military organization on occupied territory, those name of officers and organization that translated between Han s and Tibetan documentary file, they were derived from Tibetan s local political system or just another copies of Tang s frontier s government, the location of military town, their ruling area, the hierarchy among those military authority, the possibilities of the prime minister act as a frontier governor. It uses archival data and masterpieces of Tibetan studies collected among Han s, Tibetan documentary file and latest research reports. This study employs an abundance of local genealogical, chronological, and governmental sources to explain how geographical, cultural, and political factors have shaped medieval Tibetan frontier military organization. It combines with administration, military and production as one solid system, it performs easily to mobilized and simply organic structure. Keyword Bod, Tibet