声 学 法 深 海 热 液 速 度 场 测 量 重 建 算 法 研 究 1, 1, 1, 1, (1., 310018;., 31003) 摘 要 : 介 绍 了 利 用 声 学 法 测 量 深 海 热 液 速 度 场 的 基 本 原 理 利 用 往 返 飞 渡 时 间 差 与 流 场 速 度 的 关 系, 应 用 反 问 题 求 解 技 术 重 建 测 量 区 域 的 速 度 场 应 用 最 小 二 乘 法 对 两 种 典 型 的 热 液 口 速 度 场 模 型 进 行 了 仿 真 重 建, 分 析 了 换 能 器 数 量 实 验 测 量 误 差 以 及 换 能 器 的 布 放 对 重 建 结 果 的 影 响, 并 对 重 建 结 果 进 行 了 流 量 分 析 仿 真 重 建 的 绝 对 误 差 相 对 误 差 以 及 流 量 分 析 结 果 表 明, 最 小 二 乘 法 具 有 较 高 重 建 精 度, 增 加 声 学 换 能 器 及 细 化 网 格 可 提 高 重 建 精 度, 换 能 器 对 称 分 布 时 具 有 最 优 重 建 结 果 最 后 对 声 学 法 深 海 热 液 温 度 场 速 度 场 测 量 系 统 进 行 了 介 绍 和 说 明 深 海 热 液 速 度 场 的 测 量 重 建 可 为 热 液 热 通 量 的 测 量 奠 定 基 础 关 键 词 : 热 液 ; 速 度 场 ; 声 波 ; 重 建 算 法 ; 最 小 二 乘 法 中 图 分 类 号 : TB5 文 献 标 识 码 : A 文 章 编 号 : 1000-3096(011)03-004-08,, [1-], ;, [3],,, (ADCP) [4],,,,,,,, ;,, 0 70 Mayo ( Mayo foudatio ) Johso [5] Brau [6] (CT ) Gree [7] [8-10],,, : 010-03-15; : 010-1-31 : 863 (007AA09Z13); (008R1000); (40637037); : (1985-),,,, : 1351571989, E-mail: by-swallow@163.com;,, : 13858040011, E-mail: maojie@gmail.com 4 / 011 / 35 / 3
[11] 1 速 度 场 声 学 法 测 量 原 理 A B L, Δt AB L Δ tab = (1) c AB AB, L Δ tab = () + vab v AB AB, B A L Δ tba = (3) vab : L L LvAB ΔtAB Δ tba = = (4) + vab vab vab v AB c 3 [1-14], v AB, : LvAB 正 反 差 AB BA (5) Δ t =Δt Δ t = z, xy, z z,, z θ, z, w= v/cosθ (6), w, v 1 (5) Δ t = Δt Δ t = 正 反 差 AB BA LwAB cosθ (7) w AB AB, 基 于 最 小 二 乘 法 的 速 度 场 重 建 及 其 模 型.1 重 建 原 理,, Wi ( i = 1,, L, ),, m,,, 3 =16, m=18 Fig. Acoustic measuremet paths ad mesh Fig. 1 1 Priciple of the measuremet of velocity 3 Fig. 3 Top view of acoustic measuremet paths ad mesh Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 / 011 43
,, 3 L ki k i, w i i, (7), k(k=1,,, m) Δt : k akiwi i= 1 Δ t = (8) Δt k Δτ k : ε =Δτ Δ t =Δτ a w (9) k k k k ki i i= 1 (9), m Δτ k akiwi = 0, : wi k= 1 i= 1 T T A A W = A t (10) W = ( w1, L, w ) T, t = ( Δt1, L, Δt ) T m, A m, a11 a1 L a1 a1 a a L A = (11) M M M am1 am L am cosθ, a ki ki = L ki, θki i k c wcosθ z, c Δ t = d l, w c, dl (10), m,,,, (10) : T 1 T W = ( A A) A t (1),,,,. 流 量 分 析 : i= 1 i Q = w A (13) i, w i i ; A i i ; ; 3 速 度 场 重 建 仿 真, [15] : CDSt (,, ) = C(0, St, ) + (16.3 + 0.53 td ) + (0.13 0.1) D + [0.016 + 0.000( S 35)]( S 35) td (14) C(0, S, t) = 1449.05 + 45.7t 5.1t + 3 0.3t + ( 1.333 0.16t+ 0.009 t )( S 35) (15) C, m/s ; D, km; t=t/10, T, C ; S 1 000 m, D 1 km, S=45, 3 C = 0.3t 5.1t + 44.54t+ 1498.397 (16) t = 0 C m m [1-14], 0.01 m/s, 4 m/s,,,,, 3.1 速 度 梯 度 较 小 的 速 度 场 模 型, : w= 4si(0.5π x)si(0.5π y) (17), 16, 48 4 4 16 4a 5a, 4b 5b 4, 5, 44 / 011 / 35 / 3
Fig. 4 4 Three-dimesioal display of velocity fields,,, 6.4851 m 3 /s; 5.5013 m 3 /s; 0.9833 m 3 /s, 15.17%,,, Δt ± %, 48 16 4c 5c,, 5.4815 m 3 /s; 1.0036 m 3 /s, 15.48%,, 4, 3, 19, 6 6 36 4d 5d 4, 5,, 6.4851 m 3 /s; 5.837 m 3 /s; 0.6614 m 3 /s, 10.0%,,,, 16, 6a : (0.5, 0, 0), (0.75, 0, 0), (, 0.5, 0), (, 0.75, 0), (1.75,, 0), (1.5,, 0), (0, 1.75, 0), (0, 1.5, 0), (0.5, 0, 1), (0.75, 0, 1), (, 0.5, 1), (, 0.75, 1), (1.75,, 1), (1.5,, 1), (0, 1.75, 1), (0, 1.5, 1) 48, 4 4 16 4e 5e 4, 5 Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 / 011 45
Fig. 5 5 (m/s) Cotour display (m/s) of velocity fields,, 4.6974 m 3 /s; 1.7876 m 3 /s, 7.57%,,, 16, 6b : (0.5, 0, 0), (0.75, 0, 0), (, 0.5, 0), (, 0.75, 0), (1.75,, 0), (1.5,, 0), (0, 1.75, 0), (0, 1.5, 0), (1.35, 0, 1), (1.8, 0, 1), (, 0.15, 1), (, 1.4, 1), (1.7,, 1), (0.3,, 1), (0, 0.6, 1), (0, 0.3, 1) 48, 4 4 16 4f 5f 4, 5,, 1.4395 m 3 /s; 5.9544 m 3 /s, 91.8% 3. 速 度 梯 度 较 大 的 速 度 场 模 型, : ( x 1) + ( y 1) w = 4e 0.1 (18), 16, 48 4 4 16 4g 5g, 4h 46 / 011 / 35 / 3
:,,,,,,, 7 6 Fig. 6 Nouiform arragemet of acoustic trasmitters ad receivers 5h 4, 5,,, 1.566 m 3 /s; 1.4873 m 3 /s; 0.307 m 3 /s, 18.36%,,, 4, 3, 19, 6 6 36 4i 5i 4, 5,,, 1.566 m 3 /s; 1.0375 m 3 /s; 0.191 m 3 /s, 17.44% 4 实 验 系 统 PXI-540, PXI-6133, RHS-30 7 Fig. 7 Experimetal platform,, [16],, 5 结 论,,, ; %, ;, ;,, Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 / 011 47
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Recostructio algorithm for acoustic measuremet of velocity field of deep-sea hydrothermal vets BAI Ya 1, MAO Jie 1, FAN Wei 1, PAN Hua-che 1, LIU Yu-feg (1. School of Mechaical Egieerig, Hagzhou Diazi Uiversity, Hagzhou 310018, Chia;. Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipmet ad Advaced Processig Techology of Miistry of Educatio, Zhejiag Uiversity of Techology, Hagzhou 31003, Chia) Received: Mar., 15, 010 Key words: hydrothermal vets; velocity field; acoustic; recostructio algorithm; least square method Abstract: The basic theory of acoustic velocity field measuremet i deep-sea hydrothermal vets was itroduced. The time of flight (TOF) of acoustic sigals through hydrothermal vets was depedet o temperature ad velocity. The velocity field was recostructed by iverse problem solvig techiques based o the relatioship betwee the roud-trip TOF differece ad velocity of flow. The recostructio of velocity field usig the least square method was preseted. At the same time, flow flux of recostructio results was aalyzed. The results show that the least square method has good accuracy. Icrease of the umber of acoustic trasducers ad mesh desity ca improve the recostructio accuracy effectively. ( 本 文 编 辑 : 刘 珊 珊 ) ( 上 接 第 页 ) Geetic diversity aalyses of wild ad cultured Pseudobagrus ussuriesis populatios XU Ha-fu, HUANG He-zhog, FAN Wa-su, HE Hua-mi, JIA Yi-he (School of Medicie ad Life Scieces, Medical College of Soochow Uiversity, Fisheries Research Istitute of Soochow Uiversity, Suzhou 1513, Chia) Received: Ju., 6, 009 Key words: Pseudobagrus ussuriesis; wild populatio; cultured populatio; geetic diversity; SRAP Abstract: The sequece-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker techique was used to compare geetic structures of three populatios (oe wild ad two cultured) of Pseudobagrus ussuriesis. Samples of wild populatio were collected from Jiagsu Hogze Lake ad the two cultured populatios from Fisheries Research Istitute of Huaia (F geeratio) ad Suzhou Dogsha Aquatic Breedig Plats (F3 geeratio). Twelve pairs of SRAP primers were selected from 100 primer combiatios. Two hudred ad two amplified loci were obtaied from the three populatios, amog which 130 were polymorphic. The percetage of polyrorphic loci i the Hogze Lake (HL) populatio, Huaia populatios (HA), Suzhou Dogsha populatios (SZ) was 63.13%, 56.54% or 54.88%, respectively. The results idicated that geetic polyrorphism decreased i two cultured populatios. The Nei s gee diversity of three populatios was 0.641, 0.546 or 0.469, respectively; the Shao s Iformatio idex of three populatios was 0.4118, 0.4050 or 0.3861, respectively. The geetic distace betwee wild populatio ad two cultured oes were 0.1730 ad 0.1104, while the geetic distace betwee two cultured oes was 0.1087. The oticeable decrease i the umber of rare loci ad the icrease i the umber of homozygous recessive loci i the cultured populatio suggested a cosiderable loss of low frequecy alleles i the cultured populatios, which might have resulted from small effective populatio sizes durig artificial seed productio. I the future P. ussuriesis artificial propagatio should be chose to large sufficietly ad represetative paret groups to maitai the good traits to retai maximum geetic diversity. ( 本 文 编 辑 : 梁 德 海 ) Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 / 011 49