C.-T. James Huang 2014-05-19 (1) a {student, physics, long hair} 1 2 3 a. 1 2 3: a student of physics with long hair b. 3 2 1: a long-haired physics student c. 2 1 3: a physics student with long hair d. 3 1 2: a long-haired student of physics e. 2 3 1: a physics long-haired student f. 1 3 2: a student with long-hair of physics (2) () {} a. 1 2 3: * b. 3 2 1: c. 2 1 3: * d. 3 1 2: * e. 2 3 1: * f. 1 3 2: * (3) a. a French teacher b. a Chinese teacher (4) a. a French English teacher b. an English Chinese teacher
(5) a. b. * c. d. * (6) = { + } a. à () à () b. () c. d. (7) () a. à () b. à à à c. d. à à ( à e. customize f. 15 (8) a. à b. à à à (9) a. b.
(10) 67 (11) a. à b. John saw Bill à Bill was seen by John XX XX A:... [(12)-(18)] (12)?, 80%. ( 2011-12-23) (13), ( 2011-06-06) (14) RFI 2010-12-14) (15) 67% 67% ( 2009-08-25 ) (16) (2009-07-12, ) (17) ( 2009-08-10 ) (18)! (,, 2009-08-31) B:... (19) (20) (19) 2009-07-31
(20) 2010-09-15 XX C: [(21)] XX XX (21) 2010 11 2010-11-10 (22) a. e-tag () b. c. d. XX XX XX XX
(elementary semantics) CAUSE DO (a) (causative) (b) (executive) (23) a. (24) a. = Q (etc.) (25) *s1- = (26) a. () to lose OC *brads > MC *bwai > MnC /pai/ b. () to defeat : OC *s-brads > *s-prds > *prads > MC *pwai >MnC /pai/ (27) à à *s1- à - > (28) VP1 V CAUSE VP2 DP V *s 1 - - V 0....
CAUSE *s1- - <> = (a silent causative prefix) (29) < ->< ->< ->< -> < ->< -> (30) a. I volunteered John to help them. b. John was volunteered for parachute training by friends. c. We decided to step down the director. d. The chairman was stepped down by us. (31) a. We cause John to volunteer = We volunteer John. b. We LV <CAUSE> John volunteer. à We volunteer John. c. John was volunteered (for parachute training at QXT). d. < ->< ->< ->. (32) a. = Q (33)....... (34) à à < -> < -> AP (35) < -> < -> AP à
(36) <> <> AP => (= ) belittle, slight, befriend Belittle him, slight him befriend X X friend friend friend friend XX (37) 67. (38) = <> <> <> <> 67 (39) XX= (Wanner 2009: 136): a. It didn t happen to me, it was happened upon me! (from Helen Fielding, Bridget Jone s Diary). b. Thirty thousand people a whole generation were disappeared in seven years of military rule (from an online article on a human rights website). (40) Vicktor Klemerer (1881-1960) Eine Frau... kommt... ins Konzentrationslager, wo sie gestorben wird. one woman comes... into concentration-camp where she died is A woman comes into the Concentration Camp, where she is died. 3.2. (41) 2010 11 2010-11-10 = DO.
(42) 2008-09-20 = (43) () (44) DO = (1989, 2012) *s2- DO (a) (DO) (b) (DO WITH) *s2- () (45) [] (cf. etc.) *s2- *s2-muk à s-huk à huk à hu à hei = à (DO) (46) *s2- = (DO) + <> + <> + <> à <> () <> + <> à <> ( ) à (DO WITH) (47), ;, (48) *s2- = (DO WITH) (49) [*s2-] [DO-with-] (50) [*s2-] = [DO-with-] à
(51) <> <> (practice the hidden rule) (52) <> <> (treat someone with the hidden rule) DO = : fish, telephone, text, joke, food > feed (e.g. on bread) (53) to fish = to DO fish, to DO telephone, to DO text, to DO joke. DO WITH/AS = : mother, fool, etc. (54) a. You should not try to mother your husband. b. He is trying to fool me. (55) To hammer the nail, to nail the door, to saddle the horse, to shelve the book, to shoulder the burden, etc. (56) To DO the nail WITH hammer, to DO the door WITH a nail, to DO the horse with a saddle, etc. (57) John got Dick Cheny-ed last week. (58) She got Lewinsky-ed again. XX (59) (They just got Obama-ed again.) (60) (Bill got Jackendoff-ed twice again.) (61) <> XX CAUSE DO () XX
(62) ***. (63) ** *. (64) * * * Jackendoff... Note: XX? XX XX (analyticity) (synthesis) XX (65) a. b. c. * (66) a. b. c. * (67) a. b. c. * (synthetic) (68) telephone, fish, text telephone DO (69) = [*s2-] = [*s2-] = [*s2-] = [*s2-] =
(70) (71) friend face-time (72) *s2-[ ] à [*s2-] à [] (cf. à) (73) (74) =,, = - à à à (cycle) XX 结 产 XX