カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 81 巻第 720 号,499-507,2016 年 2 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 81 No. 720, 499-507, Feb., 2016 DOI http://doi.org/10.3130/aija.81.499 20 世紀初頭における天安門広場の開放と新たな用途に関する研究 THE OPENING AND NEW USES OF TIANANMEN SQUARE AT THE BEGINNING OF TWENTIETH CENTURY * 市川紘司 Koji ICHIKAWA This paper aims to grasp the changes of Tiananmen Square at the beginning of the 20th century by using public documents, newspapers, and other literature. In the Ming and Qing eras, Tiananmen Square was originally a "forbidden square", however after the Boxer Rebellion and the Xinhai Revolution, the square became a public space on New Year s Day in 1913. After opening to the public, several new gates were built in order to improve the accessibility of Tiananmen Square. Some organizations even planed to turn the square into a commercial district, but it failed to realize. On the contrary to the newly allowable public access, the security of Tiananmen became stricter, and the Beijing Government monopolized the square sometimes and used it for some events such as Yuan Shikai s military parades on National Foundation Day in 1913 and 1914. It can be said that Tiananmen Square had characters of both a forbidden square and a public space at this time. Keywords : Tiananmen Square, Beijing, Yuan Shikai, Boxer Rebellion, Xinhai Revolution, Urban Renewal * 東京藝術大学院美術学部建築科教育研究助手 修士 ( 工学 ) Research Assoc., Dept. of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tokyo University of the Arts, M.Eng. 499
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Alfons von Mumm, Ein Tagebuch in Bildern, 1902 502
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THE OPENING AND NEW USES OF TIANANMEN SQUARE AT THE BEGINNING OF TWENTIETH CENTURY Koji ICHIKAWA * * Research Assoc., Dept. of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tokyo University of the Arts, M.Eng. (2015 年 6 月 10 日原稿受理,2015 年 11 月 5 日採用決定 ) 507