*,, ;,, ;,, : ;, ; ; ; ; / ( 200062),,, 1985 爯 爲,, ( Carr,EH) :, ;,,, [1], * ( : VGA160003) 103
,,, [2],,, : ( ) ( ),,,, [3], [4],,, -,,,, ( Colebatch,HK), ( rule),, ;,, [5],, :, : 1978, 104
?? ( ) :,,,,, 1952 7 16 爯 ( ) 爲爯 ( ) 爲 [6],,, 1978 10 12 爯 爲, :, ;, ; [7] 1980 6 15,, ( ) ( ), [8] 1980 ( ) : 1,,,, 1985 5 爯 爲, [9] 2 1986 5 爯 爲 爯 爲爯 爲, ; ;, 105
, [10] 1986 10 22, 爯 爲, 3,, 1980 1984 12 27 爯 爲,,, [11] 4,, 爯 爲, ( ) :, 1977 12 10 爯 爲,,,, ; [12] 1978 4 爯 爲, [13],,, [14] 1985 5 爯 爲,, [15] 1986 2 爯 爲,, [16], 20 80,,, 106
( ) : 1 1985 5 爯 爲,,,,, ;,, 1986 3 10 爯 爲,, [17], 1996 12 5, 爯 爲,, [18] 2 1999 3 16 爯 爲,, ( ) ( ) [19] 1999 3 16 爯 爲,, [20] 1999 6 13 爯, 爲 [21] 3 21,, 2001 5 29 爯 爲, ;, [22] 2002 爯 爲,, [23] 2010 爯 ( 2010 2020 ) 爲, 107
, [24] 2017 爯 爲, [25] ( ) : 1 1986 爯 爲,, [26] 1994 1 1 爯 爲, [27] 1995 12 12 爯 爲, [28] 2000 9 23 爯爭 爮 爲, [29] 2001 8 8 爯 爲, [30], 2011, 2013 爯 爲爯 爲,, 5 [31], 2 90, 2003 9, 爯 爲, ( ),, [32] 2015 8 28, 爯 爲, ( ),, ; ( ),,, ( ) [33] 3, 2014 11 13 爯 爲,,, [34] 4,, 1993 11 爯 爲爯 爲, 108
,, ( ), ( ) [35] 2006, 爯 爭 爮爲,, [36] ( ) : 1,, 1990 12, 爯 爲, 1991 12, 爯 爲, [37] 1993 7 26 爯 爲,, [38] 1998 12 爯 21 爲,,, 10, [39] 1999 6,, 1 000, [40] 20, 2 21, 2002 2 爯 爲, 2004 2 爯 2003 2007 爲 2004 爯 爲,,, 1 000,200,100 [41] 2010, 109
( ),,,,,, [42] 2011 1 爯 爲,,,, [43] 2011 10 8 爯 爲爯 ( ) 爲,, [44] 2012, 爯 爲 [45],,,,, :,, ;,, [46],,,,,, 110
,,,, [47],,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : [ 1 ] [ ] EH?[M], :,2012: 146 [ 2 ] [ ] 爛 C [M], :,1994: 4-5 [ 3 ] Tsang, M C Education and National Development in China since 1949: Oscillating Policies and Enduring Dilemmas[J] China Review, 2000: 579-618 [ 4 ] : [J],2011( 10) : 67-85 [ 5 ] [ ] HK [M],, :,2005: 31-33 [ 6 ] 爛 [M] :,1991: 112 [ 7 ][10][11][13][14][16][26] ( 1976 1990) [M] :,1998: 1649,2403-2443,2403-2248,1606,1832-1833,2732-2733,2415 111
[ 8 ][18] ( 1 5 ) [G] :,1997: 136-137,209-210 [ 9 ][15] [EB /OL]http: / /oldmoegovcn / publicfiles / business / htmlfiles / moe / moe_177 /200407 /2482html 1985-5-27 /2018-4-12 [12] ( 1949 1990) ( ) [M] :,1993: 1049 [17], [M] :,1996: 19-20 [19] 爯 爲 [EB /OL]http: / / wwwmoeeducn / srcsite / A10 / s7058 /199903 / t19990316_162694html 1999-3-16 /2018-4-23 [20][22][23][40] ( 1998 2002) [M] :,2003: 241,890,1146-1148,371 [21], [EB /OL]http: / /wwwmoe educn / jyb_sjzl / moe_177 / tnull_2478html 1999-6-13 /2018-4-23 [24] ( 2010 2020 ) [EB /OL] http: / / wwwgovcn / jrzg /2010-07 /29 / content_1667143htm 2010-7-29 /2018-4-23 [25] [EB /OL] http: / /www gov cn /xinwen /2018-01 /31 /content_5262659 htm 2018-1-31 /2018-4-23 [27] [EB /OL]http: / /wwwmoeeducn /s78 /A02 /zfs left / s5911 / moe_619 / tnull_1314html / 1993-10-31 /2018-4-23 [28] [EB /OL] http: / /old moe gov cn / /publicfiles /business / htmlfiles / moe / moe_620 /200409 /3178html 1995-12-12 /2018-4-23 [29] 爯爲 [EB /OL]http: / /wwwgovcn /fwxx /content_ 2267167htm 2000-9-23 /2018-4-23 [30] 爯 爲 [EB /OL] http: / /old moe gov cn / / publicfiles / business / htmlfiles / moe / s3305 /201001 / xxgk_81561html 2001-8-8 /2018-4-23 [31] 爯 爲爯 爲 [EB /OL]http: / /old moe gov cn / /publicfiles /business /htmlfiles /moe /s7151 /201309 / 156643html 2013-8-15 /2018-4-23 [32] [EB /OL]http: / / oldmoegovcn / / publicfiles / business / htmlfiles / moe / moe_1001 /200507 /10329html 2003-9-17 /2018-4-21 [33] 爯 爲 [EB /OL]http: / /www moe gov cn /jyb_xxgk /moe_1777 /moe_1779 /201509 / t20150902_205165html 2015-8-28 /2018-4-23 [34] [EB / OL]http: / / wwwmoegovcn / s78 / A10 / A10_gggs / s8471 /201412 / t20141209_181014html 2014-11-13 / 2018-4-23 [35], [J],2008( 6) : 158-161 [36] [D] :,2012: 27-29 [37][38] ( 1991 1997) [M] :,1998: 3060, 3537-3538 [39] 21 [EB /OL]http: / /wwwmoeeducn /jyb_sjzl /moe_177 /tnull_ 2487html 1998-12-24 /2018-4-25 [41] [EB /OL]http: / /oldmoegovcn /publicfiles /business /htmlfiles /moe /moe_366 /200410 / 4335html 2004-9-7 /2018-4-23 112
[42] [EB / OL]http: / / wwwgovcn / zwgk /2010-06 /30 / content_1642031htm 2010-6-30 /2018-4-23 [43] [EB /OL] http: / /old moe gov cn / / publicfiles / business / htmlfiles / moe / s7034 /201212 / xxgk_146073html 2011-1-4 /2018-4-23 [44] [EB /OL]http: / /oldmoegovcn / / publicfiles / business / htmlfiles / moe / s3702 /201110 / xxgk_125722html 2011-10-8 /2018-4-23 [45] [EB /OL] http: / / oldmoegovcn / / publicfiles / business / htmlfiles / moe / s3735 /201212 / xxgk_145544html 2012-11- 8 /2018-4-23 [46] [J],2005( 3) : 15-21 [47] : 爛爛 [M] :,1992: 249,253 The History and Logic of Teacher System Transformation in 40 Years of Reforming and Opening up in China DU Mingfeng ( Institute of Schooling Reform and Development, Department of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China) Abstract: For over forty years of reforming and opening up, a relatively complete teacher system has been established in the framework of State Domination This study reviews and summarizes the construction of the teacher regulation system from three dimensions: ( a) the teacher preparation system, ( b) the teacher personnel system, and ( c) the teacher training system The findings suggest that over forty years: ( a) the teacher preparation system has transferred from normal education to teacher education ; ( b) the teacher qualification system greatly improved from requiring teachers to achieve low-level qualification to high-level and professional-level qualification; ( c) the teacher positional system changed from an appointment system to the recruitment system ; ( d) the teacher staffing system is revised from urban-rural differentiated to urban-rural integrated ; ( e) the teacher salary system is changed from structured wage system to grade system, and to merit pay system; ( f) the teacher training system is continually modified from the initially compensatory training to universally improvement training which emphasizes teachers' basic capabilities, and to an integrated system of teacher preparation and training The basic logic of the construction of teacher system behind these changes is that the teacher system is a gradual reform In addition, besides being promoted or restricted by greater external system reform, it showed a strong awareness of constructing and guaranteeing the teachers' professional identity Keywords: teacher education; education personnel; teacher training; logic ( : ) 113