2016 4 30 123 Jul. 2016 NO. 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1930,,,, ;,,,,, 100006 1935 K263 E297. 2 A 1009-3451 2016 04-0001 - 14 Red Army s Four Crossings of Chishui River and Later Freedom in Jinsha River Area Huang Daoxuan Institute of Modern History Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100006 Abstract In 1935 the Central Red Army entered Southwest China trying to free themselves from the pursuit and annihilation of the KMT army. Chiang Kaishek wished to wipe out the Red Army while the latter wanted to survive in spite of the difficulty. Mao Zedong regained leadership after the Zunyi Conference but failed to find a suitable way out at first. Several attempts helped him realize that the Red Army could not fight with the KMT forces head-on so he assessed the situation and firmly chose the best solution. Having broken away from the old habitual way of thinking the Red Army found a bright road 1
2016 4 before them. Finally they freed themselves from KMT s encirclements in the region of the Jinsha River. This period of history demonstrates that it is significant for a political force to estimate its own strength and break away from the old way of thinking. Key words the Long March four crossings of the Jishui River Mao Zedong Chiang Kaishek 1935 1 1 1935 2 1 20 3 1 1980 2 1983 27 47 1999 3 2007 2 2010 11 2 1935 1 1986 99 3 1935 1 20 10 1991 477 2
1 2 28 6 3 4 29 5 6 7 1935 2 6 1 3 8 7 9 / 1 16 1 1935 1 20 10 477 2 1935 1 27 1995 245 3 29 1935 1 29 248 4 1935 1 104 5 1935 1 29 248 6 1987 440 7 1935 2 1 8 1983 21 9 1935 2 7 10 483 3
2016 4 1935 2 6 1 7 2 3 4 5 6 2 11 7 1 29 2007 272 2 1935 2 7 002020200029035 3 1935 1 14 2007 154 4 1935 2 9 002080200206035 5 1935 2 13 1987 61 6 1935 2 14 63 7 22 4
1 2 1821 24 26 / 2 3 2 10 4 5 6 7 2 24 8 3 2 3 4 1 1935 2 16 10 490491 2 1935 2 3 3 1935 2 16 4 29 309 5 1935 2 13 61 6 1935 2 23 7 1935 2 24 8 29 516 5
2016 4 3 3 5 9 1 3 5 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 2 5 6 3 4 3 6 5 7 6 7 3 10 1 1935 3 5 281 2 1935 3 2 002010200129006 3 1935 3 5 4 1935 3 6 5 1935 3 6 002010200129063 6 1935 3 7 002010200129072 7 1935 3 6 002010200129068 6
12 13 1 2 3 15 1 3 5 16 3 / 9 1 3 5 14 12 4 5 17 489 3 6 1 4 10 6 1 1935 3 13 283 2 1935 3 002010200129070 3 1935 3 16 1996 105 4 2 45 5 1989 19 6 1984 123 7
2016 4 1 2 3 3 16 17 4 5 18 6 3 20 7 8 1 1935 3 1987 448 449 2 1998 118 3 1935 3 16 4 1935 3 17 002010200131001 5 1935 3 17 002010200131002 6 1935 3 18 002010200131010 7 1985 1 8 1935 3 20 289 8
/ 1 2 27 9 3 9 4 5 28 6 7 8 3 31 9 瑏瑠 瑏瑡 1 1935 3 24 2 1935 3 25 3 1935 3 27 1986 86 4 1935 3 28 87 5 1935 3 27 002010200132004 6 1935 3 28 002010200132018 7 1935 3 28 002010200132022 8 1935 3 28 9 1935 3 31 瑏瑠 1935 3 27 30 2008 230 瑏瑡 1983 642 9
2016 4 1 4 1 2 3 3 28 31 4 4 1 5 2 6 3 7 3 31 8 9 瑏瑠 1 149 13 1984 2 1935 4 1 655 3 8 15 25 53 63 4 1935 3 31 5 1935 4 1 6 1935 4 2 7 1935 4 3 8 1935 3 31 30 271 9 1935 3 31 30 273 瑏瑠 1935 4 1 10
1 2 3 4 5 2 6 2 6 1 3 1 53 / 6 7 4 7 8 9 1 1986 938939 2 1935 4 4 3 1935 4 5 4 1935 4 6 5 1935 4 7 6 1935 4 2 308 7 939940 30 403404 8 1935 4 7 312 11
2016 4 1 8 2 3 4 11 4 5 13 6 20 30 7 24 1 3 5 8 15 9 瑏瑠 1 1935 4 7 90 2 1935 4 8 3 1935 4 9 4 1935 4 11 5 1935 4 11 6 1935 4 13 7 2006 485 486 8 1935 4 13 315 9 1935 4 16 瑏瑠 1935 4 17 12
/ 3 4 4 16 1 28 20 5 2 4 3 4 4 23 5 25 6 7 1 1935 4 16 1986 24 2 489 3 467 4 1935 4 30 1996 4 5 1935 4 23 6 487 488 7 1999 142 13
2016 4 27 1 2 4 29 3 5 4 5 1935 1 1935 4 27 2 1935 4 30 3 1935 4 29 321 4 1935 5 10 5 1935 5 11 14