2014 4 * 马忠法 11. 3 GATT1994 20 11. 3 GATT1994 GATT1994 20 引 言 WTO DSB 1 2 3 WTO 4 5 WTO WTO * 1 Richard K. Gardiner Treaty Interpretation Oxford University Press 2008 pp. 52-53. 2 Anthony Aust Modern Treaty Law and Practice 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press 2008 p. 230. 3 R. Ago Chairman of International Law Commission 726th Meeting 19May 1964 1 Yearbook of the ILC 1964 p. 23. 4 Anthony Aust supra note 2 p. 230. 5 Report of the Int'l Law Comm. on the Work of Its 16th Session U. N. GAOR 19th Sess. Supp. at 200 U. N. Doc. A /CN. 4 / 142 2012BFX005 173 July 11 1964 available at http / /untreaty. un. org /ilc /documentation /english /a_ cn4_ 173. pdf.
WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 6 WTO WTO WTO 8 3 DS379 DS397 DS449 1 DS405 7 WTO WTO 8 一 稀土案概况及其涉及的条约解释问题 1. 2012 3 13 3 22 26 2012 6 27 7 23 DSU 9. 1 16 1 8 2014 3 26 WTO WTO 9 2014 4 8 10 2014 4 17 4 25 DSB 2. 6 DSU art. 3. 2. 7 See Disputes by Country /Territory http / /www. wto. int /english /tratop_ e /dispu_ e /dispu_ by_ country_ e. htm. 2014-05 - 22. 8 90 WTO + WTO 2014 2 9 See Panel Report China - Measures Related to the Exportation of Rare Earths Tungsten and Molybdeum WT /DS431 /R WT / DS432 /R WT /DS433 /R paras. 8. 1-8. 3. 3. 10 See China - Measures Related to the Exportation of Rare Earths Tungsten and Molybdenum Notification of an Appeal by China WT /DS432 /9 WT /DS433 /9 30 April 2014. 143
1994 GATT1994 11. 1 1. 2 5. 1 11. 3 83 84 162 165 11 WTO 12 WTO 11. 3 GATT1994 20 2 WTO 7 5. 1 84-85 13 GATT1994 20 2 7 11. 3 GATT1994 GATT1994 20 11. 3 WTO 1. 2 14 12. 1 15 1 12. 1 WTO WTO 2 1. 2 12. 1 3 1. 2 4 1. 2 WTO WTO 7. 80 7. 89 7. 93 WTO 11. 3 GATT1994 11. 3 GATT1994 16 WTO WTO 11 Supra note 9 para. 3. 1. 12 Id. para. 3. 3. 13 Id. para. 3. 2. 14 WTO WTO 342 WTO 15 WTO 16 Supra note 9 para. 7. 75. 144
GATT WTO WTO 二 条约的整体解释方法及其法律依据 6 holistic interpretation in a holistic manner 17 18 18 19 20 21 11. 3 17 3 3 Id. paras. 7. 62 7. 66 7. 110 7. 105 7. 132 7. 135. 18 Charles L. Black Structure and Relationship in Constitutional Law Louisiana State University Press 1969 p. 7. 19 Vicki C. Jackson Holistic Interpretation Comparative Constitutionalism and Fiss - ian Freedoms 58 U. Miami L. Rev. 265 2003-2004. 20 See Vicki C. Jackson Holistic Interpretation Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer and Our Bifurcated Constitution 53 STAN. L. REv. 1259 2001. 21 See Richard K. Gardiner supra note 1 p. 53. 145
6 22 GATT1994 8 GATT1994 WTO 26 23 24 meaning 16 25 26 18 19 20 2 31 2 33 4 41 58 27 31 28 / 29 22 84 See Annex 6 Products Subject to Export Duty to Accession of the People's Republic of China WT /L /432. 23 See Richard K. Gardiner supra note 1 pp. 152-160. 24 See for example Kasikili /Sedudu Island Botswana Y. Namibia I. C. J. Reports 1999 p. 1045 paras. 43-5. 25 G Schwarzenberger Myths and Realities of Treaty Interpretation Articles 27-29 of the Vienna Draft Convention on the Law of Treaties 9 Va J International Law 1 1968. 26 See Richard K. Gardiner supra note 1 p. 162. 27 Id. pp. 196-201. 28 See Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties art. 31 1-2. 29 See Richard K. Gardiner supra note 1 pp. 178-188. 146
30 DSU WTO WTO DSB 31 三 条约整体解释方法在 稀土案 上诉中的运用 GATT1994 7 8 32 10. 3 a 33 11. 1 34 20 2 7 11 11. 1 20 1. 2 5. 1 5. 2 7. 2 8. 2 11. 3 1. 2 342 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 12. 1 35 342 WTO 30 See Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties art. 31 3. 31 DSU art. 3. 2. 32 GATT 1994 art. VIII 1 a. 33 GATT 1994 art. X 3 a. 34 GATT 1994 art. XI. 35 Supra note 9 para. 7. 89. 147
36 WTO GATT1994 GATT1994 18 GATT1994 1 1b ii WTO GATT1947 1994 GATT1994 11. 3 GATT1994 GATT1994 37 1995 1 1 WTO GATT1994 GATT1994 1995 WTO GATT1994 GATT1994 1. 2 WTO WTO 1. 2 DSU DSU 3. 2 WTO DSU DSU 1. 2 38 DSU WTO 1. 2 GATT1994 DSU WTO 39 DSU 36 Id. para. 7. 82. 37 Id. para. 7. 83. 38 Id. para. 7. 85. 39 See Marrakesh Agreement art. 2. 2. 148
DSU WTO 40 41 GATT1994 WTO WTO GATT1994 WTO GATT1994 20 WTO 42 20 WTO 11. 3 WTO WTO DSU 3. 2 31 43 20 7 44 16 2012 1. 11. 3 GATT1994 40 Supra note 9 paras. 7. 105 7. 110. 41 Id. para. 7. 75. 42 WTO 1-16 Id. para. 7. 122. 43 Id. para. 7. 243. 44 Id. paras. 7. 244-292. 149
11. 3 WTO GATT1994 WTO 1. 2 12. 1 GATT1994 GATT1994 GATT1994 2. 2 l 2 3 WTO 15 13 1 WTO 4 31 context 45 46 WTO 1 10 47 48 2. GATT1947 GATT1947 full optimal 45 Anthony Aust supra note 2 p. 234. 46 Id. p. 237. 47 See Marrakesh Agreement art. 9. 2. 48 See Marrakesh Agreement art. 16. 3. 150
49 40 50 70 90 WTO WTO GATT1994 GATT1947 90 WTO 2012 1 30 WTO 51 52 9 WTO 53 WTO 49 See Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 1994. 50 1947 1994 See Aaron Schwabach International Environmental Disputes ABC - CLIO INC. 2006 pp. 135-155. 51 Reports of the Appellate Body China - Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials WT /DS 394 /AB /R WT /DS 395 /AB /R WT /DS 398 /AB /R. 52 China Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials http / /www. wto. int /english /tratop _ e /dispu _ e /cases_ e /ds394_ e. htm. 53 Supra note 51 paras. 285-290. 151
GATT1994 20 11. 3 54 31 1 a 31 1 c 55 结 语 WTO 56 57 WTO WTO WTO 58 WTO 姚莹 54 Id. para. 291. 55 Id. para. 278. 56 2012 3 28 57 Supra note 9 paras. 7. 157-166. 58 WTO 2013 6 152