: 3 2008, 9,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,?,,, ;,, :, :, 3, 2008 12 1 A True King DoesNot Depend on a Large Kingdom : Understanding Swiss Federalism in the Per2 spective of Confucianism, L idija R. Basta Fleiner, 2009 12 6 118
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2010 3 ( consensus - oriented democracy),, (W estm instermodel) 20,, 148 :, 1977 ( ) 2,? :, :, ;,, ;,,, [A rt. 149 ( 2) ], ( ), ( Initiative), ( constitutional referendum ) ( statuto2 ry referendum) ( treaty referendum) 21,,, 20,,,,,, 22,, ; :,,,,,, :, :,,,, 20 [ ] : ( Thomas Fleiner, A. M isic and N. Tgpperwien, Sw iss Constitutional Law, Berne: St mpfli Publishers L td, 2005, p. 59. ) [ ] : : ( See also L idija R. Basta Fleiner, Federalism, Multiculturalism and Human R ights: The Major Chal2 lenge to the Post - modern Politics, p. 3, footnote 2. ) 21 20, 25 22 124
: : :, ( ) :, ( ) :,,, ( ) : :,,,,, :, 23 1798,, 24,, 1848, 1847,,,,, 1848, 25 26 : ( ),,,, 27, 28,, 29 23 :, 1997, 103 24 20, 23 25 20, 24 26 [ ] : [ L idija R. Basta Fleiner, Federal2 ism, Multiculturalism and Human R ights: The Major Challenge To Post - Modern Politics, published in French under the title F d ralisme, multiculturalisme et droits humains: 27 [ ] : : (Mengistu A refaine, 28 (1999 4 18 ) :,, 29 20, 102 le p rincipal d fi pour les politiques post - modernes in: Soci t civile et indivisibilit des droits de l homme, Marco Borghi & Patrice Meyer - B isch ( d. ), EditionsUniversi2 taires Fribourg, Suisse, 2000. ] Federalism And Accomm odation of D iversities : W ith Special Reference To D ivided Societies, Helbing & L ichtenhahn B le, 2005, p. 161. ) ( Preamble of Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation: W e, the Swiss Peop le and Cantons are determ ined to live our diversity in unity respecting one another. ) 125
2010 3, 30,, :,,,,, J. S., : : 31 :, ( ),,, :, 32, :, 33 : : ;,,,,,, :,,, 34,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,, 30 [ ] : (Jonathan Steinberg, W hy Switzerland, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cam2 bridge University Press, 1998, p. 87. ) 31 [ ] : : (Mengistu A refaine, Federalism and accomm odation of diversities : w ith special reference to divided societies, p. 159-160) [ ] : (J. S. M ill, Nationality and Rep resentative Government ) [ ] : [A lfred Zimmern, M odern Political D octrines (1939), p. 207 ] 32 ( ) :, 1983, 57 ; ( ) ( ) :, 1, 1937, 20 33 :, 1983, 18 34 :, 1979 3, 25 ( ) :, 1990, 60-61, 126
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2010 3,,,,, Gemeinden 42 Gemeinden,,, ( community of citizens) ( Sovereign), 43 Landsgemeinde, ( community of the country), :,,, :,,, 44 :,, ;,,,,,,, 45,?, :,,,, 46, :,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 42 30, 88 43 30, 78-79 44 :, 194 45 ( ) ( ) :, 20, 46 ( ) :, 268, 1986, 2131,, ( 1990, 1364 ) :? 128
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2010 3,,,, 1911,,,? :,,,,, ;, 53,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1840, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,, 53 :,, 2009 2, 12-13 130
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2010 3,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 57,,,, XX,!,,,,,,,,, 58! ( : ) 57 :, :, 2006, 2 58 :,,,,,,, :,,,, (, 1989, 606 ) 132