, (Cap tain W illiam M. L ang),, ;,,,, (1843 1906),,, 1863 9, 7, (Cap tain Sherald O s2 bo rn),, 10, 1877,,, 1875, (Sir Robert H art) (A rm strong and Company) 53
1998 6 4, (al2 pha) (beta) (gamm a) (delta) 1876 11 20, (Jam es D uncan Camp2 bell),,,,,, (L a P rim andage),,, (),,,, 1877 2,, 17,, :,,,, :, :,,, 6,, 25 4 : 1, 1990, 505 534 17, 1997, 3 :, gamm a, 8, 107 108 54
,, :,,, :,,,,, ;,,,, 1878 8 29 4,,,,,,,,,, 60 120 ; 100 1879,, 4 4,, (ep silon) (zeta) (eta) (theta) 1879 7 24, 17, 23 : gamm a, 4 1, 561 : 2, 196 215 4 55
1998 6, 11 11, 19,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,?, :,,,, (kestrel),,,,,,, 19, 5 6 35, 30 19, 5 56
,,, 1882 6,,,, ;,, 1882 9, 10 11,,, 1884 6, 7 1, (Ph ilip Cu rrie), 9,,,,, 1884 11,,,, 1885 9 1886 3, 3, 39 56 57 68 3, 139 155 156 3, 575 611 612 3, 612 : 1884 4,,, ( 3, 510 511 ), (62, 49 ) 57
1998 6 5,,,,,,, 6 2,,,,,, 1890 6, 4 1894 11,,,,, 2,,,,,, ;,,, :,,,,, :,, 64, 25,,, 1958, 2108 62, 49 ;,, 2108, 1983, 100, 1982, 580 127 144, 1990, 9 17 18 37, 33 34 144, 26 18 6, 424 58
,,,,, 5,,,,,, 1877,, :,,,,, :,, :,, 789 797, ( ), 1994, 58 1, 519 59
1998 6,,,,, : (W illiam H ugh2 es C layson) ; (M. Siebelin),,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, (S. J. John stone), :, 3, 510 3, 197 209 344 381 60
,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, :!,,, (John Farrow ),, 2, 618 641 55, 4 20, 57 ;4, 29 61
1998 6 ( ),,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, (Con stan tin von H anneken),, 3, 435 209 263 203 180 404, 3, 1981, 209 7, 21, ( ), 56 57 4, 276 62
, (Gu stav von D etring),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 151 298 75 114 286 331 11, 49 55 :, 8, 176 63
1998 6 (Geo rge R endel),,,,, :? :,, :, ;,,,,,, :,, :,,,, :,,,,, :,,, 2, 241 185 366 367 7, 51 :, ( ), 1083 64
,,,,,,, 20,,, 1890,,,, 1889,, 1890 2 24,,,,, 3 6, :,? 7, :,,,,,,,, 5,, 29, :, 88, 24 25 4, 730 ( ), 1986 (, ) 12, 12 65
1998 6, 6 18, (Geo rge C. H am ilton) 6 20, (T he T im es), (T he Ch inese T im es),,, 1886 9,,, ;, 1886 8,,,? :,,,,,,,, :,,,? L ang to the Secretary of the A dm iralty, June 18, 1890, :A dm. 1g 7048, p. 1. 5, 221 N o tes, T he Ch inese T im es, June 21, 1890, p. 386., ( ), 139 ( ), 987 :, ( ), 1091 66
,,,, :?,, (N orth Ch ina H era ld ),,, :,,, (Jo in t com 2 m ander) ;, (D eputy comm ander2in2ch ief of the Peiyang Squadron) ;, (N aval adviso r) (B rigadier2general), (adm iral) (comm ander of the navy),,,,,,,,,, N o tes of a conversation betw een T ing and L ang, M arch 10, 1890, : F. O. 17g1170, pp. 97_ 101,, 1984, 92 N o tes, T he Chinese T im es, Sep ṫ 6, 1890. China and his fo reign emp loyes, N orth Ch ina H era ld, pp. 7_ 8. A dm iral L ang s resignation, N orth Ch ina H era ld, A ug. 15, 1890, p. 181, Ibid. A ug. 5, 1890, pp. 192_ 193. 61, 21 23 64, 25 ; 71, 12 67
1998 6,, 1890 11 27,,, ::,,,,,,,, 1888,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,, 9 30,,, : F. O. 17g1104; ( ), : (L o rd Salisberg) 62, 49, ( ), 904 869 914 915 4, 678 68
12,, :,,,,,,,, (Sco tt Rogers),,,,,, (Sir John W alsham ),,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 10, 26 4, 822, ( )( ) ( ), ( ), 361 : ( ), 1982, 398 399 69
1998 6,?,, ;,,,,,,,,? 4,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1886,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 533 534 ( ), 404 5, 242 230 12, 30 5, 20 ; 4, 312 ; 5, 270 4, 822 70
,,,, :,, 1890 :,,,,,,?,,,, 1888,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,?,,,, 2, 553 5, 89 265 71
1998 6 ;,,, 1888,,,,,,,, :?!,,, :,,,,,,,,,, (A dm iral Sir Kooper Key) 1883 6, ;,, 3, 260 93 ; 4, 199 5, 4 5 6, 422 3, 115, 1898 ( retired rear adm iral), 14 72
1998 6 ;,,, 1888,,,,,,,, :?!,,, :,,,,,,,,,, (A dm iral Sir Kooper Key) 1883 6, ;,, 3, 260 93 ; 4, 199 5, 4 5 6, 422 3, 115, 1898 ( retired rear adm iral), 14 72