2016 2 30 121 Mar. 2016 NO. 2 100006 1943 K313. 4 E19 A 1009-3451 2016 02-0079 - 17 Hirohito and Japan s Surrender Zeng Jingzhong Institute of Modern History Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100006 Abstract Japan started the Pacific War dragging itself into a more severe gamble. Despite repeated defeats Hirohito Emperor Showa gave order not to flinch. In 1943 Hirohito began to consider putting an end to the war but was unable to find the way out. Even when the US launched attacks on Okinawa and Japan s defeat was close at hand Hirohito still dreamed of winning a battle in order to secure a situation favorable to Japan and he had the fantasy that the Soviet Union would advocate peaceful solutions through mediation. Not until the US dropped atomic bombs did Hirohito decide to surrender to the Allies. Japan s decision to delay its surrender indicates that it was no easy thing for its militarist war machine to stop running and that Hirohito played a key role in Japan s final decision to surrender to the Allies. Key words Emperor Hirohito Japan s surrender World War II the Pacific War militarism 1945 1 1 1983 1984 2014 1989 4 2004 2007 4 2015 6 79
2016 2 1 1941 10 7 2 10 12 9 6 3 4 5 6 10 16 18 7 8 1940 9 16 9 1941 9 5 瑏瑠 11 30 瑏瑡 1 196 2 1987 689 3 695 4 686 687 700 5 1987 307 6 699 697 7 701 8 142 9 1940 9 20 105 瑏瑠 125 瑏瑡 746 80
/ 1 1942 2 10 2 1941 11 15 3 4 1942 2 15 5 1945 2 14 4 15 5 6 1942 6 7 8 9 瑏瑠 1 148 2 1942 2 13 144 3 2007 226 4 226 227 5 227 6 28 218219 7 1942 6 7 1987 390 8 1942 7 6 150 9 570 瑏瑠 573 81
2016 2 1942 12 31 1 1943 8 2 3 1944 7 7 4 5 1944 2 21 7 1943 4 1943 4 6 7 1943 1943 3 30 8 1944 6 67 9 瑏瑠 1 668 2 1987 105 3 106 4 228 5 177 6 328 334 7 347 8 1992 7 9 瑏瑠 171 82
/ 1 2 3 4 1944 7 18 20 5 10 18 6 1945 1944 1945 2 19 3 16 2 7 2 3 10 3 18 8 4 1 6 20 8 8 10 9 676 760 瑏瑠 1 20 瑏瑡 2 7 瑏瑢 2 23 1 172 2 168 3 175 174 4 348 349 377 5 263 264 6 394395 7 28 3 10 8 70000 83070 513514 9 628 瑏瑠 28 5 瑏瑡 510 瑏瑢 28 38 83
2016 2 1 2 26 2 3 18 1945 4 1 3 31 3 1944 10 25 4 1945 4 3 5 6 1944 8 7 1944 9 5 9 9 8 9 瑏瑠 1945 2 瑏瑡 4 2 4 3 1 2829 2 28 26 3 28 131 132 4 3132 5 538 6 386 7 1988 767 8 373 9 183 瑏瑠 242 瑏瑡 527 84
/ 1 1945 1 2 4 14 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 1945 9 瑏瑠 瑏瑡 4 5 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 1 528 2 503 3 549 4 626 5 529 6 1987 203 204 7 207 8 209210 9 231 瑏瑠 23 瑏瑡 526 瑏瑢 593 594 瑏瑣 28 200 85
2016 2 1 77 79 2 22 3 4 5 4 8 6 7 8 1945 4 5 4 30 5 3 8 9 11936 2 26 1400 2 594 3 595 4 595 5 28 201 206 6 598 7 28 205 8 599 86
/ 1 5 11 3 6 30 2 3 6 3 4 6 8 4 24 29 5 20 6 6 22 7 7 7 8 10 12 9 13 7 12 瑏瑠 18 7 27 瑏瑡 3 1 4 瑏瑢 4 1 28 380 2 621623 3 50 4 65 69 5 1996 1423 1425 6 638 7 6 8 70 78 79 9 642 瑏瑠 80 瑏瑡 1423 1432 瑏瑢 603 87
2016 2 1 2 3 4 6 8 5 6 6 9 7 6 18 8 22 9 7 26 瑏瑠 27 瑏瑡 7 30 1 602 2 1985 2 3 28 412 4 628 5 635 6 9 385 6 1424 7 637 8 637 9 638 瑏瑠 1945 7 26 1955 298299 瑏瑡 643 88
/ 8 2 1 5 6 8 6 8 7 2 8 8 8 8 3 8 8 5 4 8 9 10 11 9 5 9 10 6 10 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 7 8 9 22 5053 23 50 1 153 4 1985 374 1845 8 10 2 1988 9495 2 210 3 5 4 95 5 214 6 658 7 662 8 8 89
2016 2 1 2 3 8 10 1945 7 26 4 8 11 5 6 7 8 8 12 9 瑏瑠 1 1945 8 9 668 2 670 671 3 671 1 4 1945 8 10 317 5 1985 8 11 319 6 139 28 687 7 13 8 17 9 4 376 瑏瑠 234 90
/ 1 8 13 10 2 13 3 14 4 5 6 1 1454 16 2 700 701 3 1456 4 703 704 5 1945 8 14 716 6 714715 91
2016 2 1 2 17 10 25 3 1944 6 4 5 1 1997 1787 2 41 164 3 727 4 196 5 253 92
/ 1 1943 1944 9 5 2 1945 2 3 1944 6 4 1945 2 7 26 5 4 8 6 1 229 2 12 3 7 4 231 5 233 234 6 242 93
2016 2 1 4 21 2 3 4 8 9 6 9 2 45 4 3 10 4 35 5 9 11 10 2 30 11 14 6 1945 8 6 9 10 1 658 2 45 46 3 7 4 10 5 216 6 239 94
/ 1 9 8 910 2 12 3 15 1. 2. 4 1945 8 15 5 6 1 215 216 2 670671 3 232 237 4 725726 5 1945 8 14 1981 608 6 2005 9 1 30 95