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1 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 保护区信息 孟津保护区简介及水鸟名录 河南孟津黄河湿地水禽自然保护区于 1995 年 8 月经河南省政府批准成立, 位于洛阳市孟津县北部, 地处黄河中游 地理坐标在北纬 34 47' 34 57', 东经 ' ' 之间, 东西长 59 公里, 南北宽 公里, 是以保护水禽及其湿地生态环境为主的自然保护区 2003 年 6 月, 经国务院办公厅批准, 与三门峡库区 洛阳吉利保护区合在一起晋升为国家级自然保护区 保护区位于亚热带和温带的过渡地带, 季风环流影响明显, 气温 降雨 刮风等随季节变化, 春夏秋冬四季分明, 冬季寒冷, 春季干旱, 降雨多集中于夏秋 年平均气温 13.7, 年平均降水量 650.2mm, 年平均无霜 期 235 天 保护区总面积 公顷, 其中核心区 公顷, 缓冲区 公顷, 实验区 公顷 区内海拔高度在 113m 481m 之间, 立地类型复杂, 水域广阔, 滩涂众多, 水生动植物丰富, 为水禽创造了活动 觅食及隐蔽的栖息地 截止目前, 保护区共记录到水鸟 97 种 ( 表 1), 隶属 8 目 18 科 其中属国家 Ⅰ 级重点保护的鸟类有黑鹳 东方白鹳等 2 种 ; 国家 Ⅱ 级重点保护的鸟类包括白琵鹭 灰鹤 大天鹅等 12 种 马朝红 ( 河南孟津黄河湿地水禽自然保护区 ) Mengjin N.R. and the list of waterbirds Mengjin Huanghe Wetland Waterfowl N.R. was set up in August, It is in the north of Mengjing County, Luoyang City, Henan, the middle basin of Huanghe River, with a geographical coordinates of ' 'N, and ' 'E. It is a nature reserve mainly protecting waterfowls and their ecological environment of wetlands. Since June, 2003, combining with Sanmenxia Reservoir and Luoyang Jili N.R., Mengjin Huanghe Wetland Waterfowl N.R. was promoted to be a national reserve. The reserve is at the transition area between the sub-tropical and temperate zones, with remarkable monsoon circulation and distinct seasons. It is cold in winter, dry in spring and rainy in summer and autumn, with an annual average temperature of 13.7, annual average precipitation of 650.2mm and annual average frost-free period of 235 days. The reserve has a total area of hm, consists hm of core area, hm of buffer area and hm of experimental area. With the altitude between 113m and 481m, the broad waters, numerous beaches and plentiful aquatic animals and vegetation, the reserve provides a habitat for waterbirds to move about, to feed and to hide. So far, 97 species of waterbirds (Table1), belonging to 8 orders 18 families were found in the reserve. Among them Black Stork and Oriental White Stork are the 1st class national protective wildlife in China, 12 species including Eurasia Spoonbill, Common Crane and Whooper Swan are the 2 nd class national protective wildlife in China. Ma Chao-Hong (Henan Mengjin Huanhe Wetland Waterfowl N.R.) 1

2 Information from Natural Reserve 表 1 河南孟津保护区水鸟名录 Table 1 List of waterfowls in Henan Mengjing National N.R. 䴙䴘目 PODICIPEDIFORMES 䴙䴘科 Podicipedidae 1. 小䴙䴘 Tachybaptus ruficollis 2. 角䴙䴘 Podiceps auritus 3. 黑颈䴙䴘 Podiceps nigricolls 4. 凤头䴙䴘 Podiceps cristatus 鹈形目 PELECANIFORMES 鹈鹕科 Pelecanidae 5. 卷羽鹈鹕 Pelecanus crispus 鸬鹚科 Phalacrocoracidae 6. 普通鸬鹚 Phalacrocorax carbo 鹳形目 CICONIIFORMES 鹭科 Ardeidae 7. 苍鹭 Ardea cinerea 8. 池鹭 Ardeola bacchus 9. 牛背鹭 Ardeola ibis 10. 大白鹭 Egretta alba 11. 白鹭 Egretta garzetta 12. 黄嘴白鹭 Egretta enlophotes 13. 中白鹭 Egretta intermedia 14. 夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax 15. 黄斑苇鳱 Ixobrychus sinensis 16. 栗苇鳱 Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 17. 大麻鳱 Botaurus stellaris 鹳科 Ciconiidae 18. 东方白鹳 Ciconia boyciana 19. 黑鹳 Ciconia nigra 鹮科 Threskiornithidae 20. 白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia 雁形目 ANSERIFORMES 鸭科 Anatidae 21. 鸿雁 Anser cygnoides 22. 豆雁 Anser fabalis 23. 白额雁 Anser albifrons 24. 小白额雁 Anser erythropus 25. 灰雁 Anser anser 26. 大天鹅 Cygnus cygnus 27. 小天鹅 Cygnus columbianus 28. 赤麻鸭 Tadorna ferruginea 29. 翘鼻麻鸭 Tadorna tadorna 30. 针尾鸭 Anas acuta 31. 绿翅鸭 Anas crecca 32. 罗纹鸭 Anas falcata 33. 绿头鸭 Anas platyrhynchos 34. 斑嘴鸭 Anas poecilorhyncha 35. 赤膀鸭 Anas strepera 36. 赤颈鸭 Anas Penelope 37. 白眉鸭 Anas querquedula 38. 琵嘴鸭 Anas clypeata 39. 赤嘴潜鸭 Netta rufina 40. 红头潜鸭 Aythya ferina 41. 白眼潜鸭 Aythya nyroca 42. 青头潜鸭 Aythya baeri 43. 凤头潜鸭 Aythya fuligula 44. 斑背潜鸭 Aythya marila 45. 鸳鸯 Aix galericulata 46. 斑脸海番鸭 Melanitta fusca 47. 长尾鸭 Clangula hyemalis 48. 鹊鸭 Bucephala clangula 49. 白秋沙鸭 Mergellus albellus 50. 普通秋沙鸭 Mergus merganser 隼形目 FALCONIFORMES 鹗科 Pandionidae 51. 鹗 Pandion haliaetus 鹤形目 GRUIFORMES 鹤科 Gruidae 2

3 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 保护区信息 52. 灰鹤 Grus grus 53. 蓑羽鹤 Anthropoides virgo 秧鸡科 Rallidae 54. 白胸苦恶鸟 Amaurornis phoenicurus 55. 董鸡 Gallicrex cinerea 56. 黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus 57. 骨顶鸡 Fulica atra 鸻形目 CHARADRIIFORMES 水雉科 Jacanidae 58. 水雉 Hydrophasianus chirurgus 鸻科 Charadriidae 59. 风头麦鸡 Vanellus vanellus 60. 灰头麦鸡 Vanellus cinereus 61. 长嘴剑鸻 Charadrius placidus 62. 金眶鸻 Charadrius dubius 63. 环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus 鹬科 Scolopacidae 64. 白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata 65. 黑尾塍鹬 Limosa limosa 66. 斑尾塍鹬 Limosa lapponica 67. 鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus 68. 红脚鹬 Tringa totanus 69. 青脚鹬 Tringa nebularia 70. 白腰草鹬 Tringa ochropus 71. 林鹬 Tringa glareola 72. 矶鹬 Tringa hypoleucos 73. 孤沙锥 Gallinago solitaria 74. 针尾沙锥 Gallinago stenura 75. 大沙锥 Gallinago megala 76. 扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago 77. 丘鹬 Scolopax rusticola 78. 长趾滨鹬 Calidris subminuta 79. 青脚滨鹬 Calidris temminckii 80. 弯嘴滨鹬 Calidris ferruginea 反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridae 81. 黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus 82. 反嘴鹬 Recurvirostra avosetta 燕鸻科 Glareolidae 83. 普通燕鸻 Glareola maldivarum 鸥科 Laridae 84. 海鸥 Larus canus 85. 银鸥 Larus argentatus 86. 灰背鸥 Larus schistisagus 87. 渔鸥 Larus ichthyaetus 88. 红嘴鸥 Larus ridibundus 燕鸥科 Hliundoidae 89. 须浮鸥 Chlidonias hybridus 90. 鸥嘴噪鸥 Gelochelidon nilotica 91. 普通燕鸥 Sterna hirundo 92. 粉红燕鸥 Sterna dougallii 93. 白额燕鸥 Sterna albifrons 佛法僧目 CORACIIFORMES 翠鸟科 Alcedinidae 94. 冠鱼狗 Megaceryle lugubris 95. 斑鱼狗 Ceryle rudis 96. 普通翠鸟 Alcedo atthis 97. 蓝翡翠 Halcyon pileata 黄河三角洲自然保护区救护受伤丹顶鹤 2006 年 3 月, 东营观鸟协会会员丁鸿安在野外观鸟中意外发现了一只受伤丹顶鹤, 并把 受伤丹顶鹤送到黄河三角洲自然保护区一千二管理站 3

4 Information from Natural Reserve 丹顶鹤送到保护区后, 保护区管理人员陈洪勇对其进行了热心照顾, 为其购买了鱼等食物, 强制喂养, 包扎伤口 笔者近日采访中见到受伤丹顶鹤在陈洪勇的精心照料下, 恢复很快, 情绪稳定 丹顶鹤如果身体恢复良好, 可对其放飞 ; 如果翅膀没有好转, 还会对其喂养, 对翅膀继续治疗 此消息在网上公布后, 受到国际 国内社会的广泛赞扬 国际鹤类专家陈承彦先生为此专门致电, 称赞保护区的救护行为, 并称在 3 月中旬的东北亚鹤类国际会议中作为中国救护鸟类的事例, 向国际专家介绍中国的鸟类保护情况 ( 封三 ) 单凯 ( 黄河三角洲自然保护区管理局 ) A wounded Red-crowned Crane was rescued in Huanghe Delta N.R. A wounded Red-crowned Crane was found by Mr. Ding Hong-An, the member of Dongying Birdwatching Association when watching birds in March, The crane was then sent to the Yi-qian-er Administrative Station, Huanghe Delta N.R.. Mr. Chen Hong-Yong, the staff of the station took care of the wounded crane carefully. He fed the crane with fish and bound up its wound. The crane recovered quickly and was in peaceful feeling. When the crane is totally recovery it will be released in the field. On line, the news has won widespread acclaim. Mr. Simba Chen, the international specialist of cranes, ed the reserve, spoke highly of the rescue action. He said that in session of North East Asian Crane Site Network held in mid March, he will take the rescue action as an example to introduce the bird conservation in China to international specialists. Shan Kai ( Administrative Station, Huanghe Delta N.R.) 盐城自然保护区 2005 年越冬丹顶鹤数量及其栖息地调查 盐城国家级自然保护区是丹顶鹤的主要越冬地,2005 年飞来越冬的丹顶鹤始见日期为 10 月 19 日见到 3 只,22 日见到 82 只 ;2006 年 2 月 23 日开始向北迁徙,3 月 22 日迁徙结束 在丹顶鹤越冬期间, 保护区管理处先后组织两次丹顶鹤数量和栖息地同步调查, 分别于 2005 年 12 月 22 日和 2006 年 1 月 23 日进行, 数量分别为 703 只和 718 只 在 2006 年 1 月调查时, 在核心区记录到丹顶鹤 441 只, 缓冲区 124 只, 实验区 153 只, 在各县的分布除核心区 441 只 4 之外, 射阳 145 只, 大丰 108 只, 响水 21 只, 东台 3 只, 滨海未见到 根据越冬期间对丹顶鹤家族结构及其栖息地的监测, 丹顶鹤幼鹤比例为 16.98%(n=471), 与 1995 年的 22.05% 相比减少超过 5%, 与 2002 年的 11.18%(n=689) 相比增加 5.8% 在 年研究表明, 丹顶鹤栖息地处于不断扩大同时又不断丧失的状态, 每年平均丧失的栖息地面积占整个栖息地的 31.71%, 栖息地扩大的面积占上年度的 19.45%, 八年共丧

5 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 保护区信息 失栖息地 公顷, 仅有 44% 的滩涂栖息地得以保留 ( 即核心区栖息地 ) 2006 年初丹顶鹤越冬栖息地监测数据比对表明, 丹顶鹤栖息地总体仍然在萎缩, 目前栖息地面积为 公顷 研究表明丹顶鹤栖息地变化仍然呈四种类型 :Ⅰ. 栖息地先扩大, 再破碎, 后部分丧失, 部分稳定, 向 Ⅳ 型循环, 例如射阳盐场和下老湖 Ⅱ. 栖息地先破碎, 部分丧失, 部分扩大, 再扩大, 破碎, 再丧失, 例如竹川垦区 Ⅲ. 栖息地直接丧失, 例如笆斗垦区 Ⅳ. 栖息地先稳定, 再破碎, 部分扩大, 部分丧失, 扩大部分再破碎, 再部分丧失, 部分再扩大, 向 Ⅰ 型循环, 例如核心区部分地区以及周边的射阳芦苇基地 实验区的大丰港地区栖息地 丹顶鹤在盐城越冬面临问题主要有 : 1) 围垦滩涂, 使丹顶鹤栖息地逐年缩小 东台北部滩涂围垦导致笆斗垦区丹顶鹤数量减 少 ; 2) 投毒捕猎水禽, 导致丹顶鹤中毒, 每年保护区珍禽驯养场都救护 3-5 只中毒或虚弱的丹顶鹤 ; 3) 人为活动的干扰, 使丹顶鹤原生栖息地破坏, 人与鹤争食现象普遍存在, 人们在滩涂收获螺 蟹 贝类和鱼虾, 挖取沙蚕, 栖息地破碎化日益突出, 丹顶鹤越冬时大都转向鱼塘或稻 麦地觅食 4) 水体环境污染, 使丹顶鹤栖息地恶化, 部分栖息地丧失 例如双灯处理造纸废水的垦区工程 近海环境污染也较为严重, 常常导致赤潮发生,2004 年保护区近海水质为劣 Ⅳ 类 5) 气候变化使滩涂干旱, 其栖息地也趋于缩小 干旱年份, 丹顶鹤只能到滩涂附近的麦地中觅食, 农药拌种常导致丹顶鹤觅食中毒事件发生 王会吕士成 ( 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处, 邮编 ) Survey on the number of wintering Red-crowned Crane and its habitat in Yancheng N.R., 2005 Yancheng National N.R. is an impartant wintering area for Red-crowned Crane. In 2005/2006 wintering period, the first 3 arrival cranes were found on 19 th October, 2005, and then came 82 cranes on 22 nd ; departure started on 23 rd February and ended on 22 nd March, Two surveys were conducted by the administrative department of the reserve. On 22 nd December 2005, the first survey found 441 cranes in core area, 124 in buffer area and 153 in experimental area, totally 703 cranes. The cranes found in buffer and experimental areas including 145 in Sheyang County, 108 in Dafeng County, 21 in Xiangshui County, 3 in Dongtai County, no crane found at seashore area. The second survey was conducted on 23 rd March The juveniles took 16.98% of the wintering population (n=471), it was 5% less than the ratio of 22.05% in 1995, but was 5.8% more than the ratio of 11.18% (n=689) in The research result of showed that the expansion and loss of crane habitat happened simultaneously and continuously. The habitat decreased by 31.71% annually and expanded by 19.45% annually, it resulted in a total loss of hm habitat, only 44% beaches located in core area and preserved. 5

6 Information from Natural Reserve The 2005/2006 surveys confirmed that crane habitat was still in decreasing, with a total area of hm. The reaseach revealed that crane habitat change felling in following four types: Ⅰ.Expansion broken partial lost and partial stable goes to type Ⅳ, such as the Sheyang Saltern and Xialao Lake. Ⅱ.Broken partial lost and partial expansion expansion within partial expansion broken again lost again, such as the Zhuchuan Reclamation Area. Ⅲ. Direct Loss, such as the Badou Reclamation Area. Ⅳ.Stable broken partial lost and partial expansion broken within partial expansion partial lost and partial expansion again goes to type Ⅰ, such as partial core area and the Sheyang Reed Base in periphery; habitat in the area of Dafenggang in the experimental area. The main threats for the wintering Red-crowned Cranes in Yancheng are: 1) Crane habitat reduces by reclamation of beaches. The reclamation of the beaches in north Dongtai results in the decreasing of cranes. 2) Crane is poisoned with the poison aiming at waterfowls.each year 3~5 such kind of poisoning cranes were rescued by the reserve. 3) Disturbance of human activities.harvest snails, crabs, shells, fishes, shrimps and dig out clam worms, human activities deprive cranes of food and break crane habitats, cranes are forced to feed in fish pond or in rice/wheat fields. 4) Crane habitat is worsened by water pollution. Such as, the Suangdeng processing project of papermaking sewage.inshore pollution usually causes the happening of red tide, the water quality of inshore in 2004 was the low grade Ⅳ. 5) Crane habitat reduces by Climate change. Climate change makes the beaches dry, cranes are forced to feed in vicinal wheat field, the poison-coated seeds may cause the poisoning of the cranes. Wang Hui, Lu Shi-Cheng (Administrative Department, Jiangsu Yancheng National Pricious Bird N.R.) 青海湖国家级自然保护区黑颈鹤信息 2006 年 4 月 8 日, 我们与全国鸟类环志中心研究人员在开展青海湖环湖水鸟调查过程中, 于保护区的甘子河口 黑马河 / 泉湾湿地和倒淌河湿地, 分别统计到黑颈鹤 3 只 2 只 2 只和 2 只 在 4 月 21 日的环湖调查中, 发现黑 颈鹤数量由 4 月 8 日统计到的 9 只增加到 46 只, 分布点由上次调查的 3 个地点增加到环湖的 9 个河口湿地 此外, 调查过程中还发现黑颈鹤已表现出求偶行为 侯元生 ( 青海湖国家级自然保护区管理局 ) Black-necked Crane news from Qinghai Lake National N.R. During the survey on the waterfowls in the surrounding areas of Qinghai Lake conducted by the researchers of Qinghaihu National 6 N.R.and National Bird Banding Center of China, 3, 2, 2 and 2 Blacke-necked Cranes were found at Ganzi Estuary of the reserve,

7 Information from Natural Reserve Heima River, Quanwan Wetland and Daotang River Wetland respectively on 8 th April,2006. The survey on 21 st April found 46 cranes, except for the above 4 spots, cranes were found at six more estuarial wetlands. It was the season crane showing courtship ritual. Hou Yuan-Sheng (Administrative Bureau, Qinghaihu National N.R.) 2005 年冬 年春鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区越冬水禽简报 自 2003 年起, 鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区制定了监测技术规程, 将区内越冬候鸟及其栖息地的监测工作规范化 制度化 2005 年冬至 2006 年春, 鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区共统计到鸟类 83 种, 水禽最高统计数量为 万只 ( 本文的数据基于保护区每月逢 8 监测的数据, 但 2005 年 12 月 29 日数据为鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区参加环鄱阳湖越冬水鸟调查 时在区内 9 个湖统计到的数据 ) 本年度越冬灰鹤 白琵鹭和白额雁数量创历史最高记录 此外,2005 年 12 月中旬在大汊湖北面的瓢牙头发现了保护区自成立以来最大的黑腹滨鹬群体和红嘴鸥群体, 其中黑腹滨鹬的数量为 只, 红嘴鸥的数量为 只 ;2005 年 12 月 29 日在蚌湖统计到最大的反嘴鹬群体, 数量为 只 表 /2006 年鄱阳湖主要越冬水鸟的最高数量 Table 1 The maximum number of main wintering waterfowls in Poyang lake, 2005/2006 物种 Species 最高数量 Maximum number 日期 Date dd/mm/year 白鹤 Grus leucogeranus /12/2005 白头鹤 Grus monacha /11/2005 白枕鹤 Grus vipio /02/2006 灰鹤 Grus grus /03/2006 东方白鹳 Ciconia boyciana /12/2005 白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia /12/2005 小天鹅 Cygnus columbianus /03/2006 白额雁 Anser albifrons /11/2005 鸿雁 Anser cygnoides /12/2005 鸭类 Ducks /12/2005 鸻鹬类 Shorebirds /12/2005 Table 2 表 2 鹤类和东方白鹳在鄱阳湖的越冬概况 Status of wintering cranes and Oriental White Stork in Poyang Lake 物种 Species 白鹤 Grus leucogeranus 越冬特点 Wintering Character 时间长, 分布广, 数量大而稳定 Long time, wide distribution, large and stable population. 越冬期 Period 18/11,2005~ 8/03,2006. 分布地 Distribution 保护区内 9 个湖, 主要在蚌湖, 沙湖和大湖池 In all the 9 lakes of the reserve, mainly in Beng lake and Dacha Lake. 2

8 Information from Natural Reserve 白头鹤 Grus monacha 白枕鹤 Grus vipio 灰鹤 Grus grus 东方白鹳 Ciconia boyciana 时间长, 数量稳定 Long time, stable amount. 时间长, 分布广, 数量大且稳定 Long time, wide distribution, large and stable amount. 时间长, 分布广, 数量稳定 Long time, wide distribution, stable amount. 18/10,2005~ 28/03, /10,2005~ 28/03, /10,2005~ 28/03,2006 8/11,2005~ 18/03,2006 主要是大汊湖, 其次是蚌湖和梅西湖 Mainly in Dacha Lake, then Beng Lake and Meixi Lake 主要是蚌湖, 其次是沙湖和大汊湖 Mainly in Beng Lake, then Sha lake and Dacha lake. 主要是大汊湖, 其次是大湖池 Mainly in Dacha lake, then Dahuchi lake 区内的 9 个湖, 主要有沙湖 大汊湖 蚌湖 中湖池和大湖池 In all the 9 lakes of the reserve, mainly in Sha Lake, Dacha lake, Beng Lake, Zhonghuchi Lake and Dahuchi lake 纪伟涛 曾南京 ( 江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区 ) Report on wintering waterfowls in Poyang Lake, 2005/2006 Since 2003, Poyang Lake National N.R. set a monitoring technical rule to standardize and systematize the monitoring on wintering birds and their habitat in the resrve. In 2005/2006, 83 species of birds were found in the reserve, the maximum number of waterfowl was individuals (Table 1). Besides the data from the survey on peripherial Poyang Lake on 29 th December, 2005, the data mainly came from the surveys upon the days ending with 8 of the month. The survey showed that Common Crane, Eurasian Spoonbill and White-fronted Goose each reached its higheat number historically. In addition, since the set up of the reserve, the largest group of Dunlin with individuals, the largest group of Balck-headed Gull with individuals were found at Piaoyatou north to Dacha Lake in mid December, The largest group of Pied Avocet with individuals were found in Feng Lake on 29 th December. Ji Wei-Tao, Zeng Nan-Jing (Jiangxi Poyang Lake National N.R.) 年度安庆沿江湿地自然保护区水鸟调查信息 2005 年 11 月 2006 年 3 月, 安庆沿江湿地自然保护区组织人员对本区域内的迁徙及越冬水鸟进行了监测调查, 调查分为三个阶段 : 秋季迁徙监测 (2005 年 11 月 ) 越冬监测 (2006 年 1 月 ) 和春季迁徙监测 (2006 年 3 月 ) 在保护区内的菜子湖 枫沙湖 白荡 2 湖 武昌湖 华阳河湖群 石门湖共设立 16 个监测点 秋季迁徙调查共统计水鸟 34 种 只, 越冬调查共统计水鸟 27 种 只, 春季迁徙监测统计水鸟 32 种 只 监测到的国家级保护鸟类有白鹤 白头鹤 东方白鹳 黑鹳 小天鹅 白琵鹭等, 超过迁徙

9 Information from Natural Reserve 路线种群数量 1% 标准的有 9 种, 即白头鹤 东方白鹳 黑鹳 鸿雁 小天鹅 豆雁 白琵鹭 大白鹭 黑腹滨鹬 由于本年度调查以鹤 鹳类为目标种, 所监测的区域和强度有限, 统计水鸟数量远远低于往年长江中下游水鸟同步调查水鸟的数量 调查结果表明, 在安庆沿江湿地自然保护区内迁徙越冬的水鸟主要以雁鸭类为主, 监测发现鸿雁的最大数量为 只, 小天鹅 只, 豆雁 只 2006 年 3 月在白荡湖发现超过 只, 这也是近几年来在 白荡湖发现水鸟数量最多的一次 安庆沿江湿地还是鹤 鹳类重要迁徙越冬地, 本年度监测到的白鹤最大数量 21 只, 白头鹤 276 只, 东方白鹳 89 只, 黑鹳 1 只 ( 表 1) 保护区内菜子湖一直是长江中下游白头鹤的重点分布区, 自 2000 年以来, 每年的越冬数量稳定在 300 只左右 此外,2005 年 11 月在安庆市大观区石门湖还发现 3 只白鹤, 其中幼体 1 只, 在该湿地发现白鹤迁徙停留尚属首次 至此, 在安庆沿江湿地共发现 3 处白鹤迁徙越冬地 : 即菜子湖 白荡湖和石门湖 表 年度安庆沿江湿地鹤类和鹳类监测结果 Table 1 Survey on cranes and storks in Anqing riverine wetland, 2005/2006 数量 Number 物种分布地秋季越冬期春季 Species Location Autumn Wintering period Spring 白鹤菜子湖 石门湖, Grus leucogeranus Caizi Lake, Shimen Lake 白头鹤 Grus monacha 菜子湖 Caizi Lake 东方白鹳黄湖 菜子湖 武昌湖 白荡湖 Ciconia boyciana Huang,Caizi,Wuchang,Baidang Lakes 黑鹳 Ciconia nigra 泊湖 Bo Lake 张宏 ( 安庆沿江省级自然保护区管理处, 邮编 ) Survey on waterfowls in Anqing Riverine Wetland N.R., 2005/2006 Migratory and wintering waterfowls in Anqing Riverine Wetland N.R. were surveyed by staffs of the reserve during November, 2005 ~ March, The autumn migratory survey, wintering survey and spring migratory survey was conducted in November, 2005, February, 2006 and March, 2006 respectively. Sixteen monitoring spots were set in Caizi Lake, Fengsha Lake, Baidang Lake, Wuchang Lake, Huayang Lakes and Shimen Lake. In the 3 surveys (34 species) (27 species) and (32 species) waterfowls were recorded. Among them Siberian Crane, Hooded Crane, Oriental White Stork, Black Stork, Tundra Swan and White Spoonbill belongs to the national protective wildlife in China, the population size of 9 speices including Hooded Crane, Oriental White Stork, Black Stork, 2

10 Information from Natural Reserve Swan Goose, Tundra Swan, Bean Goose, White Spoonbill, Great Egret and Dunlin each is over the 1% criterion of Ramsar Wetland. In this year we mainly survey on cranes and storks, limited by survey area and intensity, the amount of waterfowls recorded in this survey was far less than those recorded in the synchronic counting on waterfowls in the middle and lower basins of Changjiang River in former year. Survey result showed that swans and ducks were the main migratory and wintering waterfowls in the reserve, the maximum number of Swan Goose, Tundra Swan and Bean Goose were , and individuals respectively, it was the largeat amount of waterfowls found in Baidang Lake in recent years. The maximum number of Siberian Crane, Hooded Crane, Oriental White Stork and Black Stork were 21, 276, 89 and 1 found in the survey (table 1). Caizi Lake was the main distributive area in the middle and lower basins of Changjiang River for Hooded Crane, since 2000 the number of wintering Hooded Cranes has maintained about 300 individuals. In addition, 3 Siberian Cranes (one juvenile) were found in Shimen Lake of Daguan Region, Anqing City, it was the first finding of migratory Siberian Crane stop over the wetland. So far, 3 wintering sites: Caizi Lake, Baidang Lake and Shimen Lake were found in the reserve for migratory Siberian Crane. Zhang Hong (Administrative Bureau, Anqing Riverine Wetland N.R.) 黑龙江扎龙保护区发现白秋沙鸭 2006 年 4 月 24 日上午 9:00-11:00, 扎龙保护区的管护人员和东北林业大学的科考人员通过 Leica20-60 倍单筒望远镜和 8-20 倍双筒望远镜在局址周围的两个固定观测点 (A 点 : , ,B 点 : , ) 进行鸟类监测时发现 : 在距观测点约 300 米左右的仙鹤湖中的冰排上站立 34 只白秋沙鸭 Mergellus albellus, 其中有 26 只雄性个体 ; 同时, 混群的还有 20 多只斑嘴鸭 绿头鸭 红头潜鸭 鹊鸭和红嘴鸥 25 日上午 8:00-10:00, 再次观测时仅剩下 2 对白秋沙鸭 日上午 8:00-10:00, 对白秋沙鸭进行连续观察, 结果仍为 2 对 自 1979 年扎龙保护区建立以来, 这是在保护区首次发现白秋沙鸭, 对此有两种解释 : 一种是由于白秋沙鸭在北迁途中迷失方向而飞到扎龙 在中国, 白秋沙鸭仅在内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟大兴安岭繁殖, 在吉林松花江及其以南地区越冬, 对东北地区而言, 大部分地区是旅鸟 ; 另一种是由于近些年来扎龙保护区生境发生了一些变化, 从而导致白秋沙鸭在此停歇进食 补充能量 两天观察的结果 : 由 34 对到 2 对, 大部分白秋沙鸭补充迁徙所需要的能量后继续迁徙, 剩下 2 对在此停歇逗留, 这种现象符合鸟类迁徙的行为特征 ; 同时, 这种现象也暗示着白秋沙鸭的首次出现可能是生境质量呈现出某种程度变化的指示 唐卫星, 徐伟衍, 徐建峰 ( 黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区, 齐齐哈尔 ) 吴庆明, 邹红菲, 徐岩 ( 东北林业大学野生动物资源学院, 哈尔滨 ) 2

11 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 保护区信息 Smew Mergellus albellus was found in Zhalong N.R. When in bird monitoring at two fixed observing spots around the office of administrative bureau (Spot A: , , Spot B: , ) in 9:00~11:00 of 24 th April, 2006, 34 Smews were observed by the staff of the reserve and the scientific investigators of Northeast Forestry University with Leica 20~60X monocular and 8~20X binoculars, the Smews were found stood on the ice of Xianhe Lake about 300 m away from the observers, 26 of them were male Smews; this mixed bird group also included 20 more other waterfowls such as, Spot-billed Ducks, Mallards, Common Pochards, Common Goldeneyes and Black-headed Gulls. Hereafter, two pairs were found during each observation of 8:00~10:00 from 25 th to 29 th, April. It is the first finding of Smew in the reserve since the set up of Zhalong N.R., for the phenomenon there are two explanations: 1.In their northwards migration Smews arrive at Zhalong as the vagrant. In China, Smew only breeds in Inner Mongolia and winters in Songhua River or south to the River, usually Smew is considered a passing bird in Zhalong area. 2. The habitat change happened recently in Zhalong attracts Smew to stay and to feed here, to replenish more energy. From 34 pairs to 2 pairs, our finding accorded with the character of bird migratory behavior, in getting enough energy most Smews continue their northwards migration, only two pairs left. The first appearance of Smew in Zhalong might indicate that the habitat quality here has changed to a certain extent. Tang Wei-Xing, Xu Wei-Yan, Xu Jian-Feng (Heilongjiang Zhalong N.R., Qiqihar,161000) Wu Qing-Ming, Zou Hong-Fei, Xu Yan (College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, ) 安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区越冬水鸟监测简报 2004 年 1 月和 2005 年 2 月, 升金湖保护区 (E116 55' ',N ) 工作人员参与了国家林业局与 WWF 组织的长江中下游越冬水鸟调查,2006 年 2 月, 保护区工作人员对升金湖的越冬水鸟进行了进一步调查, 结果显示, 在升金湖保护区越冬的水鸟种数约 55 种, 越冬水鸟数量在 5 万只左右, 白头鹤越冬种群数量约 300 只, 东方白鹳 越冬种群数量稳定在 250 只左右, 雁鸭类越冬种群以鸿雁 豆雁 小天鹅 斑嘴鸭 赤颈鸭 针尾鸭和绿翅鸭为主, 越冬种群数量稳定在 3-4 万只之间 越冬的黑鹳种群最大数量为 17 只 卷羽鹈鹕和斑头雁为升金湖越冬新记录 水鸟越冬情况统计见表 1 徐文彬 程元启 龙晓春 ( 安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区,247230) 1

12 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 保护区信息 表 1 升金湖保护区越冬水鸟调查统计表 ( 年 ) Table 1 Survey on wintering waterfowls in Shengjin Lake N.R., 2004~2006 序号中文名拉丁名 2004 年 2005 年 2006 年 13 1 小䴙䴘 Tachybaptus ruficollis 凤头䴙䴘 Podiceps cristatus 卷羽鹈鹕 Pelecanus crispus 普通鸬鹚 Phalacrocorax carbo 苍鹭 Ardea cinerea 大白鹭 Egretta alba 中白鹭 Egretta intermedia 草鹭 Ardea purpurea 小白鹭 Egretta alba 夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax 黑鹳 Ciconia nigra 东方白鹳 Ciconia boyciana 白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia 小天鹅 Cygnus columbianus 鸿雁 Anser cygnoides 豆雁 Anser fabalis 白额雁 Anser albifrons 小白额雁 Anser erythropus 灰雁 Anser anser 赤麻鸭 Tadorna ferruginea 翘鼻麻鸭 Tadorna tadorna 赤颈鸭 Anas penelope 罗纹鸭 Anas falcata 赤膀鸭 Anas strepera 绿翅鸭 Anas crecca 绿头鸭 Anas platyrhynchos 斑嘴鸭 Anas poecilorhyncha 针尾鸭 Anas acuta 琵嘴鸭 Anas clypeata 红头潜鸭 Aythya ferina 白秋沙鸭 Smew 白头鹤 Grus monacha 红脚苦恶鸟 Amaurornis akool 白骨顶 Fulica atra

13 Local Message of Crane 序号中文名拉丁名 2004 年 2005 年 2006 年 35 黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus 反嘴鹬 Recurvirostra avosetta 凤头麦鸡 Vanellus vanellus 灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola 金眶鸻 Charadrius dubius 环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus 扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago 白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata 鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus 红脚鹬 Tringa totanus 青脚鹬 Tringa nebularia 黑腹滨鹬 Calidris alpina 白腰草鹬 Tringa ochropus 矶鹬 Tringa hypoleucos 黑尾鸥 Larus crassirostris 红嘴鸥 Larus ridibundus 泽鹬 Tringa stagnatilis 斑头雁 Anser indicus 未识别鸭类 UID Duck 合计 Total The monitoring on wintering waterfowls in Anhui Shengjin Lake National N.R. In January, 2004 and February, 2005 the staff of Shengjin Lake National N.R. (116 55' 'E, N) took part in the surveys on the wintering waterfowls in middle and lower basins of Changjiang River organized by State Forestry Administration and WWF, in February, 2006 the staff of Shengjin Lake National N.R. conducted a further Survey on wintering waterfowls in the reserve. Totally about 55 species of wintering waterfowls were recorded, about in number, the number of Oriental White Stork maintained in about 250, Swan Goose, Bean Goose, Tundra Swan, Spot-billed Duck, Eurasian Wigeon, Northern Pintail and Common Teal were the main swans and Ducks, with stable number of to The maximum number of Black Stork was 17 individuals. Dalmatian Pelican and Bar-headed Goose were the new record wintering species in the reserve. Xu Wen-Bing, Cheng Yuan-Qi, Long Xiao-Chun (Anhui Shengjin Lake National N.R.) 14

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15 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 各地鹤讯 辽宁发现白鹤等水鸟重要迁徙停歇地 2005 年秋季和 2006 年春季, 辽宁环保志愿者联合会在沈阳市西北部的獾子洞水库发现有白鹤 (Grus leucogeranus) 东方白鹳 (Ciconia boyciana) 白头鹤(Grus monacha) 白枕鹤 (Grus vipio) 等大量水鸟迁徙停歇 2006 年 4 月 7 日, 中国鸟类学会鹤类与水鸟专家组组长王岐山教授等会同世界自然基金会 (WWF-China) 和国际鹤类基金会 (ICF) 的专家应邀对獾子洞水库的迁徙水鸟进行了短期调查 獾子洞水库位于辽宁省沈阳市西北部法库县境内, E, N, 海拔 66 米, 距沈阳市 150 公里, 属湿地型水库, 库容量 万立方米, 水面面积 公顷, 蒲草丛面积 70 公顷, 湿地面积 200 公顷, 坝外围草滩面积 70 公顷 水库水质清澈, 大部分地方水深 0.5m 左右, 非常适合涉禽和水鸟觅食 水中丰富的水草和鱼类为水鸟提供了丰富的食物 据辽宁环保志愿者联合会调查, 候鸟在獾子洞水库的停留期约为春季 3 月 15 日 -4 月 15 日, 秋季 10 月 1 日 -11 月 15 日 2005 年 11 月, 曾观察到白鹤 213 只 东方白鹳 32 只 ; 2006 年 3 月 29 日, 观察到白鹤 423 只 白头鹤 13 只 白枕鹤 9 只 东方白鹳 40 只 花脸鸭 (Anas formosa) 千余只 2006 年 4 月 7 日的调查还发现鸿雁 (Anser cygnoides) 大天鹅 (Cygnus cygnus) 白额雁(Anser albifrons) 白琵鹭 (Platalea leucorodia) 鹗(Pandion haliaetus) 等水鸟 初步统计獾子洞水库春季迁徙停歇的水鸟总数达到 2 万只, 白鹤 东方白鹳 白头鹤 白枕鹤和花脸鸭等受胁水鸟数量超过全球种群的 1%, 已达到国际重要湿地 (Ramsar site) 和重点鸟区 (IBA) 的标准, 应当加以保护 然而, 獾子洞水库目前却处于无人管理的状态, 过度捕鱼造成潜水鸟类误入渔网死亡, 投毒 ( 毒饵捕鸟 ) 和非法捕鸟现象时有发生, 滩涂开垦对候鸟停歇造成干扰, 家禽散养容易导致动物疫病的传播 2006 年 4 月, 辽宁环保志愿者联合会得到世界自然基金会资助, 开展本底调查和保护宣传活动 目前, 急需专业人员对獾子洞水库的候鸟种类 数量和迁徙规律进行详细调查, 以推动保护区的建立 丁长青 ( 中国科学院动物研究所 ), 王岐山 ( 安徽大学生命科学学院 ) An important stop-over site for Siberian Crane found in Liaoning In the autumn of 2005 and the spring of 2006, the Liaoning Volunteer League for Environment Conservation (Green Liaoning) found a stop-over site of Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus), Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana), Hooded Crane (Grus monacha), White-naped Crane (Grus vipio) and other waterbirds in Huanzidong Reservior. On April 7 th, 2006, Prof. Wang Qi-shan, Chair of China Crane and Waterbird Specialist Group and other experts from WWF-China and International Crane Foundation were invited to 1

16 Local Message of Crane the site for a short-term survey. The Huanzidong Reservior is located in Faku county, 150km northwest of Shenyang city, Liaoning province ( E, N, elevation 66m). It is a wetland reservoir, with 1,200 ha of water surface, 70 ha of grassland and 200 ha of wetland. There is another 70 ha of grassland outside the dam. The reservoir is rich in fish and aquatic plants, and the depth of water at most of the area is only 0.5m, providing ideal food and habitat for the migrated cranes and waterbirds. According to the survey conducted by the Green Liaoning, the migration birds stay at Huanzidong Reservior from March 15 to April 15 in spring and October 1 to November 15 in autumn. In the November of 2005, 213 Siberian Cranes and 32 Oriental White Storks were observed. On March , 423 Siberian Cranes, 13 Hooded Cranes, 9 White-naped Cranes, 40 Oriental White Storks and more than thousands of Baikal Teals (Anas formosa) were observed. During our survey on April , some more species were recorded, i.e. Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides), Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus), Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). According to our briefly census, there are more than 20,000 waterbirds stop-over at Huanzidong Reservior in spring; the population size of threatened species such as Siberian Crane, Hooded Crane, White-naped Crane, Oriental White Stork and Baikal Teal are more than 1% of their global population. The data matches the Ramsar Site criteria and Important Bird Area (IBA) criteria so that this site could possibly be identified as a Ramsar Site and IBA. However, currently there is no administration measure at Huanzidong Reservior. Over-fishing, hunting, poisonous bait and wetland reclamation are main threats. In April 2006, funded by WWF-China, the Green Liaoning conducted the conservation propaganda at Huanzidong Reservior. Presently, it is needed to organize the experts to survey the waterbird species, population size and migratory habits and promote the set up of the natural reserve. DING Chang-Qing ( Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing ); WANG Qi-Shan (Colleage of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei ) 河北省北戴河地区 2005 年秋季重要水鸟迁徙记录 河北省秦皇岛市北戴河是中国东部重要的迁徙鸟类观测点 英国观鸟者马丁 威廉斯 (Martin Williams) 在 2000 年出版的秋季鸟类报告中, 统计了 年秋季迁徙经过的鹤类 之后这个地区的迁徙鹤类的统计只见于观鸟者的报告中 由于一些水鸟的全球的种群或者亚洲东部的种群迁徙时都经过北戴河, 因此 在这个地区进行数量的长期监测, 就能了解一些濒危种类, 如白鹤 东方白鹳的的种群动态 现将笔者在 2005 年秋季观察到的鹤类及其他重要鸟类的数量报道如下 观察地点主要为联蓬山顶等地 鹤类通常是在晴朗的午后, 由北至南缓缓划过上空, 观察者利用双筒望远镜能够准确的计数 : 16

17 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 各地鹤讯 表 年对北戴河秋季重要迁徙水鸟的数量统计 Table 1 The Counting of important autumn migratory waterfowls in Beidaihe, 2005 物种 Species 观察日期 Date 累计数量 Total number 观察日期 Date 最高数量 Maximum number 白鹤 Grus leucogeranus 22/10~15/ /10 8 丹顶鹤 Grus japonensis 17/10~20/ / 灰鹤 Grus grus 1 500** 东方白鹳 Ciconia boyciana 22/10~11/ /11 500* 大鸨 Otis tarda 13/11 2 * 超过全球数量 1% 的记录, Over 1% record of global number ** 在北戴河以南的昌黎县越冬种群, The wintering population in Changli County, south to Beidaihe 乔振忠 ( 北戴河鸟类环志站前站长 ), 刘学忠 ( 秦皇岛日报,066000) Record of the important autumn migratory waterfowls in Beidaihe region, 2005 Beidaihe of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province is an important spot in East China for watching migratory birds. In his publication of autumn bird report (2000), British bird watcher Mr. Martin Williams recorded the counting of migratory cranes in the autumn from 1986 to 1990.Hereafter, only few bird watchers did the counting of migratory cranes in this region. Because that Beidaihe is on the flyway of the global population of some waterfowls or the East Asia population, by a long-term counting in the region may help us to know the population dynamics of some endangered species, such as the Siberian Crane and the Oriental White Stork. Usually in sunny afternoon cranes flew over slowly from the north to the south, with the help of binoculars the authors made the autumn counting on the top of Lianpengshan in Qiao Zheng-Zhong (The former Director of Beidaihe Bird Banding Station) Liu Xue-Zhong (Qinhuangdao Daily) 兴凯湖松阿察河河口春季鹤类迁徙简报 松阿察河是乌苏里江的上游河段, 中俄两国的界河, 是兴凯湖唯一出水口 湖口的水面长年不结冰 这里归属于兴凯湖自然保护区 每年早春有数以百万的候鸟迁徙经过或在此停歇 2006 年 3 月 24 日 ~4 月 5 日, 我们在黑龙江省松阿察河兴凯湖口 ( E, 15

18 Local Message of Crane N) 对春季迁徙的鹤类进行了观察记录 本次工作, 共统计到 3 种,1 073 只鹤迁徙经过该地 其中白头鹤 40 只 白枕鹤 840 只 丹顶鹤 193 只 ( 参见表 1) 84% 的鹤类在 9:00~14:00 通过观察点,7:30 之前和 16: 20 之后未见有鹤类迁徙经过 飞行方向多为由南向北, 飞行高度在 80~200 m 之间, 飞行时多为 一 字形或 人 字形 迁徙群的大小不等, 经常有丹顶鹤与白枕鹤混群迁飞的现象 观察期间经过观察点的迁徙鹤类情况是 : 丹顶鹤 : 共见 43 批, 其中最小批有 1 只 (2 批 ), 最大批各有 22 只和 23 只 ( 各 1 批 ), 含 2 只的有 18 批 ; 日迁徙量最多为 89 只, 总迁徙量为 193 只 白枕鹤 : 共见 63 批, 最小有 1 只 (1 批 ), 最大批有 72 只, 含 2 只的有 12 批, 超过 30 只的有 10 批 ; 日迁徙量最多为 239 只, 总迁徙量为 840 只 白头鹤 : 共见分别含 32 只和 8 只的 2 批 此外,4 月 4 日在兴凯湖自然保护区的东北泡湿地 ( E, N) 见到白头鹤 2 只 白枕鹤 8(4+2+2) 只 丹顶鹤 11(7+2+2) 只 其中 2 只白头鹤 4 只白枕鹤与 7 只丹顶鹤 ( 其中一只为去年的幼鸟 ) 共同在一块玉米茬地中采食 还有 2 只白枕鹤和 2 只丹顶鹤同时活动在距离不远的另一片玉米茬地中 兴凯湖地区主要农作物是水稻和玉米 这里的玉米收割方式是 直收 秸秆还田 这样的收割方法散落在地里的玉米比传统的收割方式多, 恰好为早春迁徙鹤类提供了丰富的食物 表 年春季迁徙经过兴凯湖松阿察河口的三种鹤类的数量 Table 1 Numbers of 3 species of crane at the confluence of Xingkai Lake and Song-a-cha River, during spring migration, 2006 日期 Day/Month 白头鹤 Grus monacha 白枕鹤 Grus vipio 丹顶鹤 Grus japonensis 24/ / / / / / / / / / / /04 2 5/04 合计 Total 刘化金 王凤昆 ( 兴凯湖自然保护区 ), 郭玉民 ( 首都师范大学生命科学学院 ) 陈亮 赵刚 侯玉波 ( 东北林业大学动资学院 ) 2

19 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 各地鹤讯 Spring migration of cranes at the confluence of Song-a-cha River and Xingkai Lake Song-a-cha River is the upper part of Wusuli River, the only opening of Xingkai Lake and the boundary between China and Russia. At the confluence water is ice-free all the year round. This area belongs to Xingkai Lake N.R., there are billions of migratory birds passing through or stop over here. The authors made a census on spring migratory cranes at the confluence( E, N)during 24/03~5/04, Three species, individuals of cranes were found, including 40 Hooded Cranes, 840 White-naped Cranes and 193 Red-crowned Cranes (See table 1). There were 84% of cranes passing through the observing spot in 9:00~14:00, none was found before 7:30 and after 14:20. Most groups flew from south to north, kept the hight between 80m and 200m, and usually flew in a row or in arrow shape. The groups had different size. Mixed migratory group comsisting White-naped Cranes and Red-crowned Cranes was common. During the observing period the cranes passing through the observing spot were: Red-crowned Crane: Totally 43 groups were found, the minimum group contained 1 crane (2 groups), the maximum group contained 22 and 23 cranes respectively (1 each), there were 18 groups each contained 2 cranes; the daily maximum cranes reached 89, the total cranes reached 193. White-naped Crane: Totally 63 groups were found, the minimum group contained 1 crane (1 group), the maximum group contained 72 cranes (1 group), there were 12 groups each contained 2 cranes, 10 groups each contained 30 more cranes; the daily maximum cranes reached 239, the total cranes reached 840. Hooded Crane: Two groups contained 32 and 8 cranes was found respectively. In addition, 2 Hooded Cranes, 8(4+2+2) White-naped Cranes and 11 ( ) Red-crowned Cranes were found at the northeast wetland( E, N)of the reserve on 4 th April. Among them, 2 Hooded Cranes, 4 White-naped Cranes and 7 Red-crowned Cranes were feeding in a harvested corn field. Rice and corn are the main crops in the area, by returning the stalks to the field more corn seeds were left in the field, this harvest way in the area just provides plentiful food for the migratory cranes in early spring. Liu Hua-Jin, Wang Feng-Kun (Xingkai Lake N.R.), Guo Yu-Ming (School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University), Chen Liang, Zhao Gang, Hou yu-bo ( Animal Resource College, Northeast Forestry University) 河北沧州抢救中毒灰鹤 沧州地处渤海湾西南部, 是我国东部鸟类迁徙通道上的重要迁途停歇地, 每年春秋迁徙 季节都有大批的鹤鹳类 雁鸭类 鸻鹬类等鸟类在沧州的湿地和农田停歇和觅食 在沧州的 1

20 Local Message of Crane 农村地区, 常有农民为防止牧羊人到麦田放牧麦苗, 而向麦田投撒拌毒粮食的现象, 致使一些在农田生境栖息 觅食的鹤类 雁类及大鸨的中毒事件经常发生 2006 年春季鹤类北迁期间又连续发生多起鹤类中毒事件,2 月 20 日肃宁县师素镇有 8 只灰鹤中毒, 其中 1 只在当地死亡, 接到沧州市野生动物救护中心后又死亡 1 只,6 只经抢救后脱离危险 ;3 月 20 日黄骅市常郭乡又有 6 只灰鹤中毒, 其中 1 只抢 救无效死亡,5 只脱离危险 ;2 月 20 日青县有 6 只大鸨中毒死亡 应引起有关方面的重视 11 只经抢救脱离危险的灰鹤, 经过沧州市野生动物救护中心志愿者的精心养护, 身体得到康复, 经评估具备野外生存能力后, 在河北省爱鸟周期间, 于 4 月 2 日在黄骅市骅南淀湿地被放归自然 孟德荣 ( 河北沧州师范专科学校生物系 ) The rescure of Poisoning Common Cranes in Cangzhou, Hebei Southwest to Bohai Bay,Cangzhou is an important stop over site for migrants in east China flyway.during spring and autumn migratory seasons there were lots of cranes and storks, swans and ducks,and shorebirds stop over or feeding in the wetlands and farmlands of Cangzhou.In spring the farmers often scatter poison-coated seeds in wheatland to provent herding sheep,but may cause the poisoning of birds. 8 Commom Cranes were found poisoning in Shisu Town,Suning County,.On 20 th February, 2006,one of them died on site,rescured by Cangzhou Wildlife Rescure Center except dead one the rest 6 cranes were survived. Once more, 6 Common Cranes were poisoned in Changguo Village,Huanghua City,on 20 th March, by rescuring 5 of them survived.on the same day,6 Great Bustards died of poisoning. Take cared by the volunteers of the rescure center, the 11 survived cranes recovered well, and were released in Huananding Wetland, Huanghua City during Love the bird Week. Meng De-Rong (Biological Department, Hebei Cangzhou Normal Taining School) 2006 黄河三角洲鹤类北迁调查 黄河三角洲位于东北亚鹤类迁徙路线中的咽喉地带, 由于生态环境独特, 地理位置优越, 鹤类资源丰富 黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区自加入东北亚鹤类迁徙网络以来, 保护区科研人员一直坚持鹤类资源的年度监测工作, 2006 年北迁期的鹤类野外调查工作已完成, 总结如下 : 1 白鹤 白鹤北迁中仅有少量在黄河三角洲停歇, 其停歇期在 3 月中旬 ( 自 3 月 13 日至 3 月 17 日 ), 数量为 3 只, 集中于黄河入海口南岸, 其栖息生境为近海滩涂 芦苇沼泽 2 白头鹤从 2006 年 1 月的野外巡护记录分析, 有 2 只滞留的白头鹤与 1 灰鹤种群混群, 其停留期从 1 月中旬 (1 月 17 日 ) 至 3 月下旬 (3 月 2

21 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 迁徙研究 27 日 ), 这是黄河三角洲地区首次发现的白头鹤越冬个体 3 白枕鹤只 (3 月 15 日 ) 与南迁期相对数量较多的白枕鹤种群相存在的问题 : 比, 白枕鹤在北迁期数量稀少 野外调查的数 1) 生境类型的变化导致鹤类年度数量的变化 据分析, 白枕鹤在南迁中有少量的种群滞留下土地类型, 尤其是农业用地种植结构的变化影来, 并在黄河三角洲地区越冬 在越冬期和北响了在此生境中栖息的鹤类 在上世纪九十年迁中, 其种群数量有较大差异, 说明白枕鹤在代, 冬季种植的麦田是越冬丹顶鹤和灰鹤的重此时期的停歇和迁徙属不同种群 要觅食生境, 近几年随市场利益的驱使, 麦田 2006 年在黄河三角洲一千二调查到的白变为棉田, 导致此生境中灰鹤数量的锐减 枕鹤数量分别为 1 月 7 日 7 只,1 月 20 日 2 2) 人为活动对迁徙期的鹤类停歇造成较大影只,1 月 26 日 3 只和 3 月 8 日 2 只 响 2 月末 3 月初是鹤类迁徙的高峰期, 在此 4 丹顶鹤期保护区周边群众的芦苇收割和烧荒活动影黄河三角洲是丹顶鹤稳定的越冬地和迁响了迁徙期鹤类的稳定, 这种人为活动对在此徙停歇地, 在每年的迁徙和越冬季节都有稳定生境中的丹顶鹤影响尤其明显 的种群, 但数量有年度差异 在北迁期中, 有建议 : 两次迁徙的高峰期 :2 月下旬 (2 月 26 日 ) 其 1) 为了更清楚地掌握地区鹤类迁徙变化规律, 数量高峰为 280 只 ;3 月中旬 (3 月 14 日 ) 其有必要从更广的范围开展鹤类调查 如东北亚高峰数量为 110 只左右 其在越冬期的数量为鹤类网络组织有必要定期协调开展东北亚地 45 只左右 区的鹤类同步调查, 以了解鹤类整体变化 在 4 月下旬仍有 3 只在此停留, 这是迁徙 2) 针对当地出现的情况, 采取实际行动, 切较晚的记录 实保护好鹤类的栖息生境 如采取社区共管的 5 灰鹤方式吸引当地社区参与鹤类栖息地的保护, 避在黄河三角洲鹤类资源中, 灰鹤是近几年免鹤类迁徙期对鹤类产生不良影响的人为干数量波动幅度最大的鹤类 近几年, 黄河三角扰活动 洲地区随着农业大规模开发, 土地结构发生了 3) 加强鹤类网络间的信息交流与共享 在技较大变化, 部分灰鹤的适宜生境丧失, 灰鹤的术 信息 科研 保护思路等方面互通信息, 数量没有达到上世纪九十年代的高峰期水平加强联络, 拓宽思路 ( 只 ) 在越冬期灰鹤的最高数量单凯 陈洪永 韩继伦 ( 黄河三角洲国家级自为 124 只 (1 月 16 日 ), 迁徙期最高数量为 262 然保护区, 山东东营,257091) Survey on crane northwards migration in Huanghe Delta, 2006 Huanghe Delta is a key site of the North East Asian Crane Site Network, the unique ecological environment and favorable geographical position results in rich crane resource. Since join in the network, the staff of Huanghe Delta National N.R. has kept doing crane annual survey, following is the result of survey on crane northwards migration in the reserve: 1. Siberian Crane Only a few Siberian Cranes stop over the reserve when in northwards migration, three 21

22 Studies on Migration cranes were found stayed on the south bank of Huanghe Estuary, something like inshore beach or reed swamp habitats, they stayed here from 13 th March to 17 th March. 2. Hooded Crane Two Hooded Cranes were found among a group of Common Cranes, from 17 th January to 27 th March, the wintering Hooded Cranes it is first time to find wintering Hooded Cranes in the reserve. 3. White-naped Crane Compared with the southwards population of White-naped Crane, the northwards population stayed in the reserve has much less cranes. By analyzing the survey data, it shows that a few of the southwards migratory cranes have stayed in the reserve and wintered here. The size between wintering and northwards populations varied so large that we do not consider them to be the same population. 7, 2, 3 and 2 White-naped Cranes were found in Yi-Qian-Er, Huanghe Delta on 7 th January, 20 th January, 26 th January and 8 th March, 2006 respectively. 4. Red-crowned Crane The number of Red-crowned Crane both wintering and stop over in the reserve are stable, but varied yearly. During the northwards migration the most amounts of Red-crowned Cranes stayed in the reserve were 280 cranes on 26 th February and 110 cranes on 14 th March. There were 45 cranes wintered in the reserve. Till late April 3 late departure cranes still stayed here. 5. Common Crane Among the crane species stay in the reserve, the population size of Common Crane fluctuated greatly in recent years. Common Crane lost some suitable habitat due to the large scale development of agriculture, hence their maximum number in wintering and 22 migratory seasons has dropped from the maximum 3 000`4 000 cranes in 1990s to 124 on 16 th January, 2006 and 262 on 15 th March, Problems: 1) The alteration of habitat type changes crane annual number. The alteration of land type, especially the alteration of cultivated type may affect cranes to use the habitat. For example, in 1990s, the land of winter wheat was the important feeding habitat for wintering Red-crowned Cranes and Common Cranes, recently drown by the market-oriented economy, wheat land turned to be cotton land, hence greatly reduced the amount of Common Cranes. 2) Human activities affect the migratory cranes to stop over. From late February to early March it is the peak period of crane migration, the activities of harvesting reeds and burning the grass in the periphery areas of the reserve may disturb the migratory cranes, especially on Red-crowned Cranes. Suggestions: 1) More broad area survey on cranes should conduct so that to know more about the migratory regulation of cranes. For example, it is necessary that the North East Asian Crane Site Network to coordinate and conduct the synchronic crane survey in northeast Asia regularly, in order to know the change of crane as a whole. 2) Arming at the local problems to take actions, and to protect crane habitat. To manage the reserve with community, invite local community to join in the protection of crane habitat, to prevent migratory cranes from human distubence. 3) Strengthen the exchange and sharing of information in the crane site network. Exchange information in technical,

23 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 迁徙研究 scientific research and conservation ideal, strengthen communication and broaden thinking. Shan Kai, Chen Hong-Yong, Han Ji-Lun (Huanghe Delta national N.R., Dong ying, Shandong, ) 关注佩戴彩色足旗的鸻鹬类水鸟 候鸟每年在繁殖地和越冬地之间进行数千甚至上万公里的迁徙 在迁徙过程中, 候鸟需要一系列的迁徙停歇地来休息并补充能量 中途停歇地质量的优劣对于候鸟能否顺利完成迁徙活动具有重要作用 近年来, 湿地的快速丧失或质量下降直接影响着水鸟的迁徙 为了了解水鸟的迁徙活动并确定其重要的迁徙停歇地,1993 年, 在日本钏路召开的湿地公约第五次会议提出了利用足旗 (leg flags) 对开展水鸟迁徙研究的计划 传统的鸟类迁徙的研究方法是对鸟类进行环志, 即给鸟类佩戴一个带编码的金属环 当再次捕捉到这只鸟类时, 就可以通过金属环的编码, 了解到该鸟来自何方或曾在何地停留 但是, 由于环志的回收要捕捉鸟类, 这大大影响了环志的回收率 从 1991 年开始, 研究人员开始对鸻鹬类水鸟进行佩戴足旗的工作 即 : 在鸟类迁徙路线上不同地区所使用的足旗都有其特定的颜色组合 通过在野外观察鸟类所佩戴的不同颜色组合的足旗, 可以确定鸟类来自什么地区 由于佩戴足旗的鸟类可以在很远的距离通过单筒或双筒望远镜观察到, 因此, 不需要捕捉鸟类, 就能获得相关的信息 近年来的研究表明, 发现足旗的机会要比发现鸟类环志的机会高 5-20 倍 鸻鹬类是迁徙水鸟的重要类群 中国东部地区属于鸻鹬类迁徙的东亚 - 澳大利西亚迁徙路线, 每年有数百万只鸻鹬类迁徙时路过该区域 在该条迁徙路线上, 有 10 万只以上的鸟 类佩戴了彩色足旗 为了了解鸟类的迁徙活动, 需要大家的共同参与来观察和记录佩戴足旗的鸻鹬类 这对于了解鸟类的迁徙规律具有重要作用 如发现佩戴足旗的鸟类, 请将观察地点 观察日期和时间 鸟类的种类 足旗的颜色组合及佩戴位置等信息报告全国鸟类环志中心, 通讯地址 : 北京 1928 信箱全国鸟类环志中心 ; 并请通过电子邮件发送到 : [email protected] ( 刘阳 ),[email protected] ( 马志军 ) 发送足旗发现记录的人员都将收到足旗发现报告的正式回复 注 :1) 野外观察足旗的颜色时要非常仔细, 有时候足旗会由于腿上部 ( 胫部 ) 羽毛的遮挡而难以观察到, 或显得颜色偏暗 2) 近年来, 一些鸟类佩戴的足旗上会刻有最多 3 个字母和数字的组合 如果能够辨认出这些字母或数字, 请记录下来 这些信息将有助于准确地确定观察到的鸟类是哪只个体 3) 大多数情况下, 足旗佩戴在鸟的右腿, 金属环佩戴在左腿 但这对于确定鸟是在何地佩戴足旗并不重要 一些鸟类可能同时带有足旗以及彩环或彩带 这些彩环或彩带是用于其它研究目的的, 其佩戴位置对于鸟类个体的区分非常重要 4) 如果无法与相关人员取得联系, 请将足旗发现报告发送至澳大利西亚鸻鹬类工作组的 Clive Minton 先生, 电子信箱是 : mintons@oz .com.au 这将确保足旗的发 23

24 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 迁徙研究 现信息可以被迅速告知足旗的佩戴人员, 使重 要的发现不会被遗漏 蓝色 blue 绿色 green 美国 America 阿拉斯加 Alaska 浅蓝 light blue 浅绿 light green 黄色 yellow 无 non 无 non 黑色 black 俄罗斯 Russia 楚科奇北部 Northern Cukotskij 俄罗斯 Russia 楚科奇南部 southern Cukotskij 俄罗斯 Russia 堪察加 Kamčtskij 黄色 yellow 白色 white 俄罗斯 Russia 库页岛 Sakhalin 蓝色 blue 蓝色 blue 日本北部 Northern Japan 北海道戊丞弗湖 Lake Komuke, Hokkaido 蓝色 blue 无 non 北海道春国岱 Shunkunitai, Hokkaido 蓝色 blue 白色 white 千叶县小柜川 Obitsu,Chiba 日本中部 Central Japan 蓝色 blue 白色 white 千叶县谷津滩涂 Yatsu, Chiba 蓝色 blue 橙色 orange 日本南部 Southern Japan 九州岛 Kyushu 白色 white 橙色 orange 韩国 Korea 韩国 Korea 绿色 green 橙色 orange 中国 China 黄海北部 Northern Yellow Sea 白色 white 黑色 black 中国 China 崇明岛 Chongming Island 白色 white 蓝色 blue 中国 China 台湾 Taiwan 白色 white 绿色 green 黑色 black 黄色 yellow 黄色 yellow 绿色 green 黄色 yellow 白色 white 蓝色 blue 橙色 orange 无 non 无 non 中国 China 新加坡 Singapore 菲律宾 The Philippines 澳大利亚 Australia 澳大利亚 Australia 澳大利亚 Australia 香港 Hongkong 新加坡 Singapore 北部 Northern 西 - 西南部 Westsouthwest 西北部 Northwest 昆士兰 Queensland 橙色 orange 橙色 orange 橙色 orange 白色 white 白色 white 绿色 green 无 non 黄色 yellow 无 non 绿色 green 澳大利亚 Australia 澳大利亚 Australia 澳大利亚 Australia 新西兰 New Zealand 新西兰 New Zealand 新南威尔士 New South Wales 维多利亚 Victoria 南部 South part 北岛 North Island 南岛 South Island Fig.1 图 1 东亚 - 澳大利西亚迁徙路线各区域鸻鹬类佩戴足旗的颜色组合 ( 资料收集日期截止至 23/08/2005, 由 Phil Straw 提供 ) Color combination in leg flag used in Asian-Austrlasian Shorebird Sites (Provides by Mr.Phil Straw, the data collection is up to 23/08/2005) 23

25 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 迁徙研究 Concerns about the leg-flagged shorebird The quick loss or the quality decline of wetlands in recent years directly affected the migration of waterfowls, in order to know more about the migratory activity of waterfowls and to make sure their important stop over sites, in session of the 5 th meeting of the Ramsar Convention held at Kushiro, Japan in 1993, a program of using the leg flag to study the migration of waterfowls was put forward. The traditional way of studying bird migration is to ring the bird, which is to band the bird with numbered mental ring, by checking the number in the ring to make sure the resource or the stop over sites of the bird when it was recaptured. But we are not able to get the ring without catching the bird, hence the recover rate of the rings was remarkably affected. Since 1991 the leg flag has been used in shorebirds, with special color combination in leg flag to present the special area of the migratory rout of the birds. We may find the leg flag in a distance by binoculars or monocular without catching the bird, and by distinguishing the color combination in the flag to determine the origin of the bird. The result of recent research shows that the chance of finding leg flag is 5~20 times higher than that of finding the ring. Shorebird is an important group of migratory waterfowl. East China belongs to the Asian-Austrlasian Shorebird Site, with several millions of shorebirds passing through. In the flyway there are more leg-flagged birds, we hope the public take part in the observing and recording the leg-flagged shorebirds. In case you find the leg-flagged bird, please record the location, date and time of your finding, record the species of the bird, the color combination and the banding position of the flag, and send the information to National Bird Banding Center of China NBCC. The address of NBCC is: National Bird Banding Center of China, mailbox 1928, Beijing, and the information at [email protected] (Liu Yang) and [email protected] (Ma Zhi-Jun). A formal reply will send to you. Notes: 1) Sometimes the flag looks more dark when blocked by tibial feathering, it should be careful during the observation. 2) The combination consists of 3 letters and numbers may help us to identified the individual of the bird, please record them. 3) Mostly the flag is in right leg and the mental ring in left leg of the bird 4) your finding to Mr. Clive Minton, Austrlasian Wader Studies Group, mintons@oz .com.au, the flag setter will be noticed soon. 崇明东滩国际重要湿地发现特大花脸鸭越冬种群 2006 年 1 月 24 日, 崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区科研科在日常监测中, 发现在东滩国际重要湿地的一处人工蟹塘中有大量的野鸭栖息, 经过 3 天的连续观察, 确认是 8 000~ 只花脸鸭 1

26 Studies on Migration 花脸鸭的繁殖地在东北亚地区, 冬季则到中国 朝鲜半岛及日本越冬 在 20 世纪中期, 曾为我过南方越冬鸭类的优势种 但由于栖息地丧失 偷猎等原因, 花脸鸭的种群数量急剧下降 据湿地国际 2002 年出版的 世界水鸟种群估计 一书报道, 花脸鸭在全球总数量在 30 万只左右, 由于其越冬地集中在韩国, 其它地区近几十年一直少有报道, 因此被世界鸟盟定为易危种 但是近年来, 其种群数量有所回升, 据 2004 年的资料, 韩国有 65 万只花脸鸭越冬 在过去的几年中, 每年冬季一直有花脸鸭在东滩越冬, 但数量一般不超过 20 只 在 2005 年初由国家林业局和世界自然基金会 (WWF) 组织的长江中下游越冬水鸟调查中, 所调查的五省一市范围中没有发现花脸鸭 此次在东滩发现的 余只花脸鸭, 是近 30 年来国内观察到的最大越冬种群 由于目前崇明东滩正值水产品的收获季节, 蟹塘的水将于春节后全部排干, 塘中的芦苇也将被收割 估计春节后这些花脸鸭可能由于栖息地丧失而离开东滩 因此, 加强对崇明东滩国际重要湿地内人工湿地的管理, 为越冬水鸟提供适宜而稳定的栖息地, 对于保护东滩的生物多样性, 维护国际重要湿地的形象尤为迫切 章克家, 钮栋梁, 汤臣栋 ( 崇明东滩国家级鸟类自然保护区管理处 ) An exceptionally big wintering population of Baikal Teal was found at Chongming East Beach-the Ramsar Site In a daily monitoring conducted by the Scientific Research Section, Chongming East Beach Bird N.R.on 24 th Juanuary,2006,the authors found lots of wild ducks inhabited in an artificial crab pond of Chongming East Beach-the Ramsar Site. By keeping observing for 3 days, the ducks were confirmed to be a group of Baikal Teal, numbered about 8 000~ The duck breeds in North West Asia and winters in China, Korea Peninsula and Japan. It has been the dominant species of wintering ducks in South China in the middle of the 20 th Century. Due to the loss of habitats and poaching, the population size of the duck shrunk quickly. According to the report of Waterbird Population Estimates, there are about Baikal Teals in the world, because that their wintering areas concentrated in South Korea, there were few reports from other countries, it was hence listed as 2 vulnerable species by BirdLife International. Recently the population size of the duck has enlarged, there were Baikal Teals wintered in South Korea in There were no more than 20 Baikal Teals wintered at East Beach for several years, in the census on wintering waterfowls organized by State Forestry Administration and WWF in 2005, none Baikal Teal was found in 5 provinces and one city. The group of more individuals found this time is the largest wintering population found in China. It is now the harvest season of aquatic products at East Beach, after Spring Festival, people will drain off water from crab pond, and cut the reeds in the pond, with the loss of their habitat the ducks will leave East Beach. It is especially important to strengthen the management of artificial wetland in East Beach, so as to provide the wintering waterfowls with suitable habitat, to protect biodiversity and

27 Studies on Migration maintain the image of Ramsar Wetland. Zhang Ke-jia, Niu Dong-Liang, Tang Cheng-Dong (Administrative Department of Chongming East Beach National Bird N.R.) 贵州草海开展卫星跟踪黑颈鹤工作 国际鹤类基金会 全国鸟类环志中心 昆明动物研究所 云南省林业厅以及草海国家级自然保护区管理局联合在贵州草海开展卫星跟踪黑颈鹤工作, 于 2006 年 2 月 28 日成功地给一只黑颈鹤安装了一个卫星发射器 同时, 我们也捕捉环志了另外 5 只鹤, 另外, 在 2004 年 12 月, 草海给一只病愈的鹤进行环志并放飞 这些鹤的环志信息见表 1 卫星发射器发回的信号显示, 戴 号发射器的黑颈鹤于 2006 年 3 月 30 日开始北迁, 途径四川的美姑县 红原县, 最后于 4 月 3 日到达若尔盖, 共计飞行约为 770 公里 环志日期 Date of banding 金属环号码 No of metal band N N N * * 无数据 * No datum 表 1. 草海黑颈鹤环志信息 Table 1. Data of banded Black-necked Cranes in Caohai 彩环配置 Color band combination 左腿 Left leg 黄 / 红 Yellow/Red 红 / 绿 Red/Green 黄 Yellow 绿 Green 右腿 Right leg 黄 / 红 Yellow/Red 黄 / 绿 Yellow/Green 红 / 黄 Red/Yellow 黄 Yellow 红 / 黄 Red/Yellow 体重 Weight (g) 体长 Length (cm) 翅长 Wing (cm) 跗蟅长 Tarsus (cm) 嘴长 Bill (cm) 尾长 Tail (cm) 卫星发射器编号 PTT No 李凤山 ( 国际鹤类基金会 ) 钱法文 张会格( 全国鸟类环志中心 ) 杨晓君 伍和启 ( 昆明动物研究所 ) 李振吉( 贵州草海国家级自然保护区管理局 ) 26

28 Studies on Migration Satellite tracing Black-necked Crane was conducted in Caohai, Guizhou Satellite tracing Black-necked Crane was jointly conducted in Caohai, Guizhou by the ICF, National Bird Banding Center of China, Kunming Zoological Institute, Yunnan Forestry Bureau and Caohai National N.R.. The first crane was successfully mounted with a transmitter on 28 th February, 2006, then other 5 cranes were banded. Besides, a recovery crane was banded and released in December, Table 1 shows the data of the 7 cranes: The signal sent from satellite shows that the crane with PTT started its northwards migration on 30 th March, 2006, it past through Meigu County and Hongyuan County of Sichuan, arrived at Nuo-er-gai, Sichuan, totally flew about 770km. Li Feng-Shan (the ICF), Qian Fa-Wen, Zhang Hui-Ge( National Bird Banding Center of China), Yang Xiao-Jun,Wu He-Qi (Kunming Zoological Institute), Li Zheng-Ji (Administrative Bureau,Caohai National N.R.) 云南大山包继续开展卫星跟踪黑颈鹤工作 国际鹤类基金会 全国鸟类环志中心 昆明动物研究所 云南省林业厅以及大山包国家级自然保护区管理局联合继续在云南大山包开展卫星跟踪黑颈鹤工作, 于 2006 年 3 月成功地给三只黑颈鹤安装了卫星发射器, 发射器编号分别为 和 这三只黑颈鹤的环志信息见表 1 在 2005 年春季给黑颈鹤戴的四只发射器中编号为 的仍在正常工作 (2005 年春 季迁徙见 中国鹤类通讯 2005 年第二期 ) 和 分别于 2006 年 3 月 28 日 3 月 28 日 3 月 31 日 4 月 2 日开始北迁, 分别于 3 月 31 日 4 月 6 日 4 月 4 日和 4 月 5 日到达甘肃的玛曲县 四川若尔盖县 甘肃玛曲县和四川的红原县, 迁飞距离分别约为 公里 这四只鹤途径的县包括 : 四川的甘洛 汉源 康定 阿坝 荥经 天全 峨边 宝兴 表 1 大山包黑颈鹤环志信息 Table 1 Data of banded Black-necked Cranes in Dashanbao 环志日期 Date of banding 彩环配置 Color band combination 左腿右腿 Left leg Right leg 黄 / 绿 / 红 Yellow/Green/Red 黄 / 绿 / 红 Yellow/Green/Red 体重 Weight (g) 体长 Length (cm) 翅长 Wing (cm) 跗蟅 Tarsus (cm) 嘴长 Bill (cm) 尾长 Tail (cm) 卫星发射器编号 PTT No

29 Studies on Migration 红 / 黄 Red/Yellow 红 / 黄 Red/Yellow 李凤山 ( 国际鹤类基金会 ), 钱法文 张会格 ( 全国鸟类环志中心 ) 杨晓君 伍和启 ( 昆明动物研究所 ), 钟兴耀 道美标 ( 云南大山包国家级自然保护区管理局 ) Satellite tracing Black-necked Crane went on at Dashanbao, Yunnan Satellite tracing Black-necked Crane went on in Dashanbao,Yunnan, by the ICF, National Bird Banding Center of China, Kunming Zoological Institute, Yunnan Forestry Bureau and Dashanbao National N.R..Three Among the 4 PTTs used to mount Black-necked Cranes in the spring of 2005, no PTT was still in good condition (for the spring migration in 2005, please see China Crane News, No.2, 2005). The crane with no PTT, PTT, PTT and PTT started its northwards migration on 28 th March, 28 th March, 31 st March and 2 nd April, 2006, and arrived at Maqu County (Gansu),Nuo-er-gai County (Sichuan), Maqu County and Hongyuan County (Sichuan), on 31 st March, 6 th April, 4 th April and 5 th April Black-necked Cranes were successfully mounted with transmitters, with the PTT number of 64309, and respectively. respectively, and flew 660,700,720 and 610km respectively. The 4 cranes past through Ganluo, Hanyuan, Kangding, Aba, Yingjing, Tianquan, Ebian and Baoxing Counties of Sichuan respectively. Li Feng-Shan(ICF), Qian Fa-Wen, Zhang Hui-Ge(National Bird Banding Center of China), Yang Xiao-Jun, Wu He-Qi(Kunming Zoological Institute), Zhong Xing-Yao, Dao Mei-Biao(Administrative Bureau, Yunnan Dashanbao National N.R.) ** 日本再引入东方白鹳 往昔东方白鹳是日本一种常见的繁殖鸟 然而, 由于现代化发展带来的狩猎增加 栖息地破坏 环境污染等, 令日本的土生东方白鹳数量激减, 至 19 世纪末减至濒临绝种边缘 在 20 世纪 20 年代, 日本只剩下两个繁殖种群, 一个在兵库县, 另一个在福井县 到了 60 年代中期, 福井县的种群消亡, 延至 1971 年, 兵库县的最后一只野生白鹳也被捕到饲养场进行繁殖复育计划, 日本的繁殖种群至此绝迹, 在此以后出现的东方白鹳, 都是来自亚洲 大陆的罕见冬候鸟 自 1955 年开始, 兵库县就制定了东方白鹳的复育计划 ;1965 年开始人工繁殖计划, 可惜第一回的繁殖复育计划并不成功 到 80 年代中期, 前苏联提供了一些东方白鹳给兵库县, 计划再度实行 繁殖计划的基地设在县内的丰冈市, 也就是日本最后一个东方白鹳的野外繁殖地 在 90 年代, 繁殖基地扩建为今天的兵库县立白鹳之乡公园, 也开始制定野外复 2

30 Zoo 育的计划, 经过多年慎重的研究, 在详尽地掌握了白鹳以及栖息地的以后, 兵库县在 2005 年开始放飞东方白鹳 在 2005 年 9 月 24 日, 5 只经过挑选的东方白鹳在放飞仪式中重回大自然, 它们背上都绑上了方便野外定位的人造卫星发信器 此后有另外 4 只东方白鹳也转到露天饲养场进行放飞 东方白鹳的再引进计划不只是一项科研计划, 这也是一项社会参与行动 开展社群活动 赢取他们的认同和支持, 对这项复育计划的意义不低于科研 这项活动成果斐然 :9 月 24 日的放飞仪式有兵库县的 多名市民参与, 丰冈的市民尤其对他们的家乡也是白鹳之乡感到非常自豪, 白鹳的图画标示等在丰冈到处可见 2006 年春天, 一对放飞的东方白鹳在离公园约 2 公里的一根人工巢杆上造巢,4 月中旬开始产卵 若孵化顺利, 日本的野生东方白鹳 种群恢复就踏出了成功的第一步 日本的东方白鹳复育计划, 跟韩国的东方白鹳复育计划有很紧密的联系 韩国和日本一样,20 世纪中旬野外繁殖的东方白鹳种群绝迹 1971 年发现最后一对繁殖鸟, 但不久雄鸟就被猎人猎获 韩国和日本在同一年失去了野外繁殖的东方白鹳 在 2005 年的放飞仪式和会议, 韩国也派观察人员来日本进行交流讨论 韩国的复育团体计划在 2012 年在韩国放飞东方白鹳 日本的计划可为韩国提供非常宝贵的经验 非常感谢兵库县立东方白鹳之乡公园的大迫义人博士为本稿提供最新资料和修订意见 我希望国内的白鹳保护机构人员也能加强与日韩各方的联系 陈承彦 ( 国际鸟盟亚洲分部, 日本 ) Reintroduction of the Oriental White Stork to Japan The Oriental White Stork used to be a common breeding bird in Japan. However, because of hunting, habitat loss and pollution, the native breeding population declined to almost extinction by the late 19 th century. In the 1920s only two breeding populations survived, one in Hyogo Prefecture and the other in Fukui Prefecture. The Fukui population disappeared in the mid 1960s and the last Hyogo stork was taken into captivity in Since then Oriental Stork was extinct in Japan as a breeding species, it has been only recorded as a rare winter visitor to Japan. Since 1955, Hyogo Prefecture started a program on recovery of the Oriental Stork, and the breeding program started in Unfortunately, the first breeding attempts were not successful. In the mid 1980s, storks were 30 donated from the former Soviet Union and the recovery program resumed. In the 1990s the breeding center in Toyooka, where the last breeding population was preserved, has been expanded to become the present Hyogo Prefectural Homeland for the Oriental White Stork and a plan for the future restoration has been drafted. After years of careful studies on stork biology and habitats, Hyogo Prefecture launched reintroduction of storks in On 24 September 2005, five Oriental Storks equipped with satellite transmitters to monitor their movements were released at the reintroduction ceremony. Subsequently four more storks have been transferred to the enclosures for release. The reintroduction program of the Oriental Stork is not just a scientific practice but a social

31 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 水鸟研究 reformation. Community work is also very important in the area of reintroduction to get cooperation of local people. The promotion work was very successful as more than 3,500 Hyogo citizens attended the ceremony on 24 September 2005 and people in Toyooka are very proud of the storks. Signs of the Oriental Stork can be found everywhere in Toyooka. In spring 2006, one pair of the released storks was found to use the designed nesting post. The pair laid eggs on the nest in mid-april that means chicks will be hatched at the end of May, if successful. A genuine wild population of breeding Oriental Storks in Japan can be restored. The Oriental Stork Program in Japan works closely with Korea. Like Japan, Korea has lost her natural breeding population of storks in the mid 20 th century. The last breeding pair was found (but male bird shot) in 1971, the same year Japan lost her wild population. Korean conservationists who attended the conference and ceremony in September 2005, Japan said they intended to release storks in Korea by 2012, and the Japanese experience will be very useful for the Korean reintroduction program. I would like to thank Dr. Yoshito Ohsako of the Hyogo Prefectural Homeland for the Oriental White Stork for updating and checking the article. I hope stork conservationists in China will establish a close link with colleagues in Korea and Japan. Simba Chan (BirdLife International Asia Division, Japan) 崇明岛北湖水鸟调查 崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区位于长江口崇明岛东端, 距上海市市中心 46 公里, 是东亚 澳大利西亚涉禽迁飞路线上重要的停歇地 这里同样也是大量水鸟的越冬地, 特别是野鸭类 通过最近的调查, 我们发现位于崇明岛北部的北湖也是一个重要的水鸟栖息地 由于在崇明岛和长江北支中另一个沙洲 黄瓜沙之间筑了一条坝, 由此在崇明岛和黄瓜沙形成一个人工湖 ( 北湖 ) 自 2005 年 9 月开始, 崇明东滩保护区监测人员和来自上海市的一些经验丰富的观鸟者对上述两个地方进行了每月一次的常规水鸟调查 调查结果见下表, 其中包括南迁的涉禽和来这里越冬的水鸟, 特别是鸭类 崇明东滩历来是涉禽和越冬鸭类的重要 栖息地, 其中包括一些受胁物种, 如黑脸琵鹭 白头鹤 2004 年秋季还发现一只黑嘴端凤头燕鸥 ( 全球最稀少的燕鸥 ) 我们的调查结果显示, 大量的水鸟栖息在这个地方, 这证实了这处栖息地的重要性 在东滩湿地, 优势种的鸟类根据季节的变化而变化, 迁徙季节以鸻鹬类为主, 冬季鸭类占优势 我们的调查同样显示了北湖对于一些迁徙水鸟, 如红嘴鸥 翘鼻麻鸭, 以及濒危鸟类黑嘴鸥来说是一个重要的栖息地 和东滩相比, 面积仅 8 平方公里的北湖相当小 但由于地理位置偏僻, 附近常住人口及人类活动都较少, 所以对于北湖的水鸟来说干扰相当小 上海市政府对崇明岛将来的发展已经制定了一个庞大的发展规划, 包括生态建设和推 31

32 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 水鸟研究 动郊区的经济发展 虽然该计划着眼于生态的发展, 但对于北湖的环境来说, 未来将不可避免地受到干扰和变化 目前当地还没有采取任何针对保护北湖的水鸟栖息地的措施 我们强烈建议, 在北湖受到崇明岛建设项目的影响之 前, 政府应当在该地区建立一个保护区或采取其他有效措施来保护这一重要的水鸟栖息地 章克家 ( 崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区, 摘自 Tattler 2006 年第 1 期 ) Survey on waterfowls at the North Lake, Chongming Island Chongming East Beach Bird National N.R.locates on the east side of Chongming Island and is 46km away from Shanghai, it is an important stop over site on the flyway of the Asian-Austrlasian waders, and is also the winter site for lots of waterfowls, especially for wild ducks.besides, the North Lake located on the north side of Chongming Island was recently found to be another important habitat for waterfowls. The North Lake is an artificial lake, it was formed by the set up of a dam between Chongming Island and another shoal-huangguasha. 33 表 年 9 月 ~2006 年 1 月东滩湿地和崇明北湖水鸟调查结果汇总 Table 1 Survey on waterbirds at the east beach and north lake of Chongming Island from September, 2005 to January, 年 9 月 Sep., 年 10 月 Oct., 年 11 月 Nov., 年 12 月 Dec., 年 1 月 Jan.,2006 种类 Species 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 红喉潜鸟 Gavia stellata 小䴙䴘 Tachybapus ruficollis 凤头䴙䴘 Podiceps cristatus 普通鸬鹚 Phalacrocorax carbo 苍鹭 Ardea cinerea 大白鹭 Egretta alba 中白鹭 Egretta intermedia 草鹭 Ardea purpurea 牛背鹭 Bubulcus ibis 池鹭 Ardeola bacchus 小白鹭 Egretta garzetta 黄嘴白鹭 Egretta eulophotes 夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax 大麻鳽 Botaurus stellaris 黄苇鳽 Ixobrychus sinensis 白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia

33 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 水鸟研究 2005 年 9 月 Sep., 年 10 月 Oct., 年 11 月 Nov., 年 12 月 Dec., 年 1 月 Jan.,2006 种类 Species 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 黑脸琵鹭 Platalea minor 小天鹅 Cygnus columbianus 豆雁 Anser fabalis 白额雁 Anser albifrons 灰雁 Anser anser 翘鼻麻鸭 Tadorna tadorna 鸳鸯 Aix galericulata 赤颈鸭 Anas penelope 罗纹鸭 Anas falcata 赤膀鸭 Anas strepera 花脸鸭 Anas formosa 绿翅鸭 Anas crecca 绿头鸭 Anas platyrhynchos 斑嘴鸭 Anas poecilorhyncha 针尾鸭 Anas acuta 白眉鸭 Anas querquedula 琵嘴鸭 Anas clypeata 红头潜鸭 Aythya ferina 凤头潜鸭 Aythya fuligula 斑背潜鸭 Aythya marila 斑脸海番鸭 Melanitta fusca 普通秋沙鸭 Mergus merganser 灰鹤 Grus grus 白头鹤 Grus monacha 普通秧鸡 Rallus aquaticus 黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus 骨顶鸡 Fulica atra 黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus 反嘴鹬 Recurvirostra avosetta 凤头麦鸡 Vanellus vanellus 灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola 金斑鸻 Pluvialis fulva 铁嘴沙鸻 Charadrius leschenaultii 蒙古沙鸻 Charadrius mongolus 环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus 扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago

34 Studies on Waterfowls 2005 年 9 月 Sep., 年 10 月 Oct., 年 11 月 Nov., 年 12 月 Dec., 年 1 月 Jan.,2006 种类 Species 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 东滩 East Beach 北湖 North Lake 黑尾塍鹬 Limosa limosa 斑尾塍鹬 Limosa lapponica 白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata 大杓鹬 Numenius madagascariensis 中杓鹬 Numenius phaeopus 鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus 红脚鹬 Tringa totanus 青脚鹬 Tringa nebularia 泽鹬 Tringa stagnatilis 林鹬 Tringa glareola 白腰草鹬 Tringa ochropus 弯嘴滨鹬 Actitis hypoleucos 大滨鹬 Calidris tenuirostris 尖尾滨鹬 Calidris acuminata 红颈滨鹬 Calidris ruficollis 长趾滨准 Calidris subminuta 青脚滨鹬 Calidris temminckii 黑腹滨鹬 Calidris alpina 弯嘴滨鹬 Calidris ferruginea 阔嘴鹬 Limicola falcinellus 翘嘴鹬 Xenus cinerea 翻石鹬 Arenaria interpres 普通燕鸻 Glareola maldivarum 海鸥 Larus canus 银鸥 Larus vegae 红嘴鸥 Larus ridibundus 黑嘴鸥 Larus saundersi 须浮鸥 Chlidonias hybrida 白翅浮鸥 Chlidonias leucoptera 鸥嘴噪鸥 Gelochelidon nilotica 普通燕鸥 Sterna hirundo 白额燕鸥 Sterna albifrons 未识别鸭类 Ducks unidentified 未识别鸻鹬类 Shorebirds unidentified 未识别燕鸥 Terns unidentified

35 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 水鸟研究 未识别鸥类 Gulls unidentified 未识别琵鹭 Spoonbills unidentified 数量总计 Total number 种类统计 Total species Since September, 2005 the monitorers of Chongming East Beach N.R. and some experienced birdwatchers has conducted monthly survey at the east beach and north lake. Table 1 showed the data of southwards waders and wintering waterfowls, especially ducks. Chongming East Beach is always the important habitat of waders and wintering ducks, including some threatened species, such as, Black-faced Spoonbill and Hooded Crane.One Chinese Crested Tern was found in the autumn, 2004.The dominant speices vary with seasons, shorebirds and ducks were the dominantors during migratory season and in winter respectively. Our survey shows that the North Lake either is an important habitat for some migratory waterfowls, such as, Black-headed Gull, Common Sheldduck and endangered species Saunder s Gull. Compares with east beach the north lake is rather small, even if only 8km 2 in area, the remote location makes it far from human disturbance. Shanghai government has made a great development plan for Chongming Island, including ecological construction and economic development in rural area, but not thought about the protection of north lake. The author suggest that the government should set up a nature reserve in north lake or take effective measures to protect the important habitat of waterfowls bfore the construction of Chongming Island. Zhang Ke-Jia (Chongming East Beach Bird National N.R., Selected from Tattler, 2006, No.1) 云南红河州部分湿地越冬水鸟调查简报 红河州地处云南东部候鸟迁飞路线, 也是很多候鸟的越冬地 但红河州候鸟调查工作极少, 基础资料缺乏 为配合当前禽流感监测, 对红河州越冬水鸟现状有基本了解, 收集红河州湿地越冬水鸟种类和数量资料,2006 年 2 月 7~9 日, 西南林学院保护生物学院韩联宪教授与红河州林业局组织开展了一次调查, 采用双筒望远镜对蒙自长桥海 个旧白坡水库 大屯海 开远三角海 建水绵羊冲水库, 石屏 异龙湖进行了短期调查, 记录了越冬候鸟 9 目 11 科 41 种约近万只 红河州地处云南东部候鸟迁飞路线, 境内湖泊水库河流湿地众多, 每年春秋两季有为数众多的候鸟迁飞经过红河州内各县, 同时还有成千上万只雁鸭 鹭 鸻鹬等游禽 涉禽在红河州的湿地越冬 但红河州湿地鸟类研究仅在 1983 年冬季时由中国科学院昆明动物研究所 35

36 Studies on Waterfowls 在蒙自长桥海 个旧大屯海 石屏异龙湖作过一次调查 这些资料时间久远, 对目前禽流感的预防监测工作参考价值有限 为更为科学有效地对禽流感进行预防监测, 有效管理红河州湿地越冬鸟类, 很有必要对红河州境内各主要湖泊 大中型水库 几条主要河流的迁飞候鸟和越冬水鸟进行一次相对详尽的调查, 以获得红河州湿地候鸟的种类 数量 分布的数据资料 我们建议政府主管部门提供一定调查经费, 由西南林学院保护生物学学院鸟类学专家 韩联宪任调查组组长, 组织研究生和红河州林业局技术人员共同组成联合调查组, 利用一年的时间, 实施红河州重要湿地候鸟调查, 最后完成红河州湿地鸟类迁徙种类 数量 规律和迁徙通道分布的资料数据收集工作, 形成详尽的调查报告, 供有关部门参考 韩联宪, 韩奔 ( 西南林学院保护生物学学院 ) 张开平 莫明忠 刘其健 李青霞 ( 红河州林业局 ) 表 1 红河州部分湿地鸟类数量 ( 只 ) Table 1 Waterfowls in partial wetland of Honghe Prefecture 目 科 种名 Taxa A B C D E F 䴙䴘目 PODICIPEDIFORMES 䴙䴘科 Podicipedidae 1. 小䴙䴘 Podiceps ruficollis 凤头䴙䴘 Podiceps cristatus 2 鹈形目鸬鹚科 3. 普通鸬鹚 8 40 鹳形目 CICONIIFORMES 鹭科 Ardeidae 4. 大白鹭 Casmerodius albus 2 5. 白鹭 Egretta garzetta 牛背鹭 Bubulcus ibis 8 7. 苍鹭 Ardea cinerea 池鹭 Ardea bacchus 1 9. 绿鹭 Butorides striatus 大麻鳽 Botarus stellaris 1 鹮科 Threskiornithidae 11. 白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia 2 雁形目 ANSERIFORMES 鸭科 Anatidae 12. 赤麻鸭 Tadorna ferruginea 赤颈鸭 Anas Penelope 斑嘴鸭 Anas poecilorhyncha 绿头鸭 Anas platyrhynchos 绿翅鸭 Anas crecca

37 Studies on Waterfowls 目 科 种名 Taxa A B C D E F 17. 针尾鸭 Anas acuta 翘鼻麻鸭 Tadorna tadorna 琵嘴鸭 Anas clypeata 白眼潜鸭 Aythya nyroca 红头潜鸭 Aythya ferina 凤头潜鸭 Aythya fuligula 20 隼形目 FALCONIFORMES 隼科 Falconidae 23. 红隼 Falco tinnunculus 游隼 Falco peregrinus 1 鹤形目 GRUIFORMES 秧鸡科 Rallidae 25. 白胸苦恶鸟 Amaurornis phoenicurus 黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus 白骨顶 Fulica atra 鸻形目 CHARADRIIFORMES 鹬科 Scolopaicidae 28. 红脚鹬 Tringa totanus 29. 青脚鹬 Tringa nebularia 白腰草鹬 Tringa ochropus 林鹬 Tringa glareola 矶鹬 Tringa hypoleucos 扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago 大沙锥 Gallinago megala 黑腹滨鹬 Calidris alpina 红腹滨鹬 Calidris canutus 5 鸻科 Charadriidae 37. 金眶鸻 Charadrius dubius 环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus 40 3 鸥形目鸥科 Laridae 39. 红嘴鸥 Larus ridibundus 棕头鸥 Larus brunnicephalus 3 雀形目 PASSERIFORMES 鹡鸰科 Motacillidae 41. 黄鹡鸰 Motacilla flava 黄头鹡鸰 Motacilla citreola 红喉鹨 Anthus spinoletta 2 A: 长桥海 Changqiaohai; B: 大屯海 Datunhai; C: 白坡水库 Beipo reservoir; D: 三角海 Sanjiaohai; E: 绵羊冲水库 Miaoyangchong Reservoir; F: 异龙湖 Yilonghu. 36

38 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 水鸟研究 Survey on wintering waterfowls in partial wetland of Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Honghe Prefecture is on the east Yunnan flyway of migrants and the wintering area for many migrants, but few data of migrants in the area were collected.in order to cooperate the monitoering of bird flu and to collect the data of wintering waterfowls in Honghe Prefecture area, Prof.Han Lian-Xian of Bioconservation College,Southwest Forestry University and Honghe Prefecture Forestry Bureau conducted a survey on reserviors and lakes in Mengzi,Kaiyuan,Gejiu,Jianshui and Shiping Counties, during 7~9 February,2006. Nearly wintering birds those belonging to 41 species,11 families,9 orders,were recorded. The survey sites including Changjiaohai Lake and Datunhai Lake of Mengzi, Baishuipo Reservoir of Gejiu, Sanjiaohai Lake of kaiyuan, Mianyangchong Reservoir of Jianshui and Yilong Lake of Shiping. Han Lian-Xian, Han Ben ( Bioconservation College, Southwest Forestry University) Zhang Kai-ping, Mo Ming-Zhong, Liu Qi-Jian, Li Qing-Xia (Honghe Prefecture Forestry Bureau) 两种水鸟在云南数量和分布增长 红颈半蹼鹬根据云南鸟类志上卷记载为云南偶见旅鸟, 唯一的一个标本系 1978 年 9 月采获于昆明西部花红洞山区水塘中 但最近 2-3 年, 云南观鸟爱好者 北京大学博士研究生闻丞数次在云南东南部红河州个旧市公园的小型水域内观察到迁飞路过 中途停留觅食的红颈半蹼鹬, 群体数量从 只不等 云南昭通的环保活动家和摄影爱好者孙德辉也在昭通城市附近的湿地内拍摄到红颈半蹼鹬照片 普通鸬鹚 Great Cormorant 过去在云南分布点不多,20 世纪 80 年代初期做云南水禽资源调查时仅记录于云南东南部长桥海和嵩明等地 近年来鸬鹚种群数量和分布点增加明显 在云南西北部 西南部 中部 南部等湖泊 河流 水库等水域中十分常见 较之 1984 年的记录, 增加了 20 多个分布点 韩联宪 ( 云南西南林学院, 邮编 ) The number and distribution of two Species waterfowls have increased in Yunnan In part Ⅰof Yunnan Aves Fauna Red-necked Phalarope was a passing bird in Yunnan by chance, the only one speciemen was collected in a pond of Huahongdong mountain 37 area, west to Kunming City. In recent 2~3 years, Dr.Wen Cheng of Beijing University had found Red-necked Phalaropes passing through or feeding in small waters in gardens of Gejiu

39 Reports City, Honghe Prefecture southeast of Yunnan for several times, each group Has 10~20 birds. Mr.Sun De-Hui, the environmental activist and amateur photographer of Zhaotong has took the pictures of the bird in the wetland near Zhaotong City. Great Cormorant had distributed in a few areas in the past, only found in Changqiaohai and Songming southeast of Yunnan in early 1980s. In recent years the population size and distributive site increased remarkably, it is commonly found in the lakes, rivers and reservoirs of northwest,southwest,central and south Yunnan. Comparing with the record of 1984, 20 more distributive sites have icreased. Han Lian-Xian (Bioconservation College, Southwest Forestry University) 2006 年获准小额基金项目 2006 年中国鹤类研究基金共收到项目申请 9 份 4 月 17 日中国鹤类研究基金管理小组在北京师范大学召开评审会, 对申请项目进行了认真的评审 讨论和赋分 由于国际鹤类基金会资助经费限制,2006 年只资助 1 个项目 北京动物园吴秀山申报的 北京野鸭湖灰 鹤越冬生态与保护对策研究 项目获得批准, 编号 018 今年未获准的项目, 以后仍可以继续申报 中国鹤类研究基金管理小组 2006 Small Grant for China Crane Research Small Grant for China Crane Research, funded by the International Crane Foundation (ICF) has been started from In 2006, nine application proposals were received. The evaluation meeting was held in Beijing on April 17, 2006 and one proposal was approve: Study on the Ecology and Conservation Strategy of the Wintering Common Cranes in Yeyahu (Wild Duck Lake), Beijing. (No. 018, Wu Xiu-shan,Beijing Zoo.) China Crane Research Small Grant Administration Group 纳帕海保护区重要鸟类生境利用与生境改善研究项目结束野外观察工作 由云南西南林学院保护生物学学院韩联宪教授主持, 世界自然基金会中国物种保育小型基金资助的纳帕海保护区重要鸟类生境利 用与生境改善研究项目于 2005 年 10 月,2005 年 12 月 年 1 月,2006 年 3 月在项目区作了 3 次野外观察, 目前进入室内整理资料和 40

40 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 消息报道 撰写报告阶段 纳帕海保护区是云南省 1983 年批准建立的省级保护区,2004 年 12 月被列为国际重要湿地 保护区位于云南西北部香格里拉县, 随着周边地区旅游的发展, 保护区受到影响极为明显 该项目主要目的是对保护区内越冬的黑颈鹤 黑鹳 斑头雁 白尾海雕 高山兀鹫和秃鹫的数量动态和栖息地的利用方式进行观察研究, 并评估旅游对越冬鸟类造成的影响, 提出生境改善对策和保护措施, 供保护机构制 定保护措施和控制旅游项目时参考 在研究中发现, 当地旅游活动对越冬鸟类的觅食和栖息有一定的影响, 需要适度控制 而村民们把家猪散放于保护区的沼泽草地中, 让其自由活动取食, 猪在觅食过程中对沼泽湿地和草甸造成的破坏非常严重, 极难恢复 项目组正在为此事撰写专题报告提交给香格里拉县政府, 希望政府能制止在保护区内散放家猪的行为 韩联宪 ( 云南西南林学院, 邮编 ) The finishing of field work on Napahai project The project of habitat usage by the important birds in Napahai N.R.and habitat improvement directed by Prof. Han Lian-Xian, Bioconservation College, Yunnan Southwest Forestry University was financed by the small foud of WWF-China Species Conservation, after 3 surveys conducted in October, 2005, December, 2005 to January, 2006 and March, 2006, the project is now in the stage of sorting out data and preparing the report. Napahai N.R. is a provincial reserve approved in 1983, and entered the list of Ramsar Wetland in December, The reserve locates at Xianggelila County, northwest of Yunnan, the development of tourism in peripheric areas remarkably affected the reserve. The project mainly studies the numerical dynamics and the habitat usage of wintering Black-necked Crane, Black Stork, Bar-headed Goose, White-tailed Sea Eagle, Himalayan Criffon And Cinereous Vulture, and estimates how the tourism affecting the wintering birds, and gives suggestions in improving habitat and conservation measures, for the conservation agencies to consult when in making conservation measures and controlling touric items. Our study found that local tourism had affected the feeding and inhabit of wintering birds to certain degree, and should be controlled morderatelly. The villagers herd the pigs scatterly in the field, the feeding activities of the pigs severely distroyed wetland and grassy marshland. Our report of suggesting the county government to stop the herding custom in the reserve is in prepareing. Han Lian-Xian (Bioconservation College, Southwest Forestry University) 2006 年黑脸琵鹭全球同步普查 香港观鸟会从 2003 年起开始统筹全球同步普查, 目的是评估黑脸琵鹭的越冬种群状况 今年的普查定于 2006 年 1 月 6~8 日进行 调查是通过各地资深观鸟者 研究员和鸟类学家共同义务合作及以同步方式进行 各地普查员把结果收集 整理后把记录提交到香港观鸟 41

41 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 消息报道 会 普查共录得 只黑脸琵鹭, 较 2005 年的 只有 14% 增幅 自普查开始, 除了 和 年的冬天有轻微下降外, 黑脸琵鹭越冬种群有增加趋势, 反映其正由从前的低数量逐渐恢复 台湾共录得 826 只黑脸琵鹭 ( 占全球已知总数的 49%), 较上届普查的 757 只上升了 9% 主要分布在七股和曾文溪口一带 在珠江河口一共录得 397 只黑脸琵鹭, 其中 346 只 ( 全球已知种群 21%) 在后海湾 ( 包括香港米埔内后海湾国际重要湿地和深圳福田国家级自然保护区 ) 录得 51 只 ( 全球已知种群 3%) 在澳门路环录得 珠江河口的数目较前年的 311 只有 13% 升幅 后海湾和路环的数目都是新高, 较 2005 年的普查分别有 11% 及 30% 的升幅 今年在中国大陆和海南岛共录得 206 只黑脸琵鹭, 占全球已知种群 12% 这除了是一个 新高数目, 也是三年持续刷新 这次较去年的 187 只有 10% 增幅, 主要分布在海南东方 (75 只, 占全球已知种群 4.5%) 广东海丰(56 只, 占全球已知种群 3.3%) 福建兴化湾( 一共 50 只, 福清 31 只和莆田 19 只, 占全球已知种群 3.0%) 一如以往, 春水国家公园是越南最大的黑脸琵鹭越冬地, 共录得 74 只 在日本西面和西南群岛共录得 155 只, 这个数目跟前两年相当接近 韩国在本次普查中在济州岛录得 21 只, 与上年的数目相同 结果反映已知的越冬种群有 70% 仍然是集中于台湾和香港这两个地区, 这表明黑脸琵鹭仍然面对相当大的威胁 本次普查的详细报告可以在以下网页下载 : 余日东 ( 香港观鸟会全球黑脸琵鹭同步普查统筹 ) The International Black-faced Spoonbill Census Since 2003 The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society started the international synchronized census, to estimate to wintering population of Black-faced Spoonbill. The annual International Black-faced Spoonbill Census was conducted during the period of 6-8 January, Counting of the spoonbills relies on voluntary efforts from counters including experienced bird watchers, researchers and ornithologists. The census results are summarized by coordinators in the respective regions and sent to The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society. The 2006 census gave a total figure of Black-faced Spoonbills, It increased 14% from a figure of birds in previous census. To date except two slight drops of numbers in winter of 1996/97 and 1998/99, the wintering population has enlarged steadily in recent years, confirms this species is recovering from extinction. A total of 826 birds, constituting 49% of the known world population, were recorded in Taiwan, it has a 9% increase from the figure of 757 birds in previous census, they mainly distributed in The Chiku-Tsengwen Estuary area and Sitsao of Tainan City. A total of 397 birds were counted in Pearl River Estuary, of which 346 and 51 spoonbills were counted at Deep Bay ((including the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site, Hong Kong and the Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen) 41

42 Reports and Taipa respectively and these figures also represent 21% and 3% of the known world population. The total number in the Pearl River Estuary area has a 13% increase from a total of 311 individuals in the previous year. Numbers in Deep Bay and Taipa are the new high counts in this census which has an increase of 11% and 30% from the 2005 census respectively. A total of 206 birds were counted along the coast of China mainland and Hainan Island, this figure composed 12% of the known world population in this census. Following two years high number, this is a new high record of the species and it has a 10% increase of the figure of 187 birds recorded in previous census. The birds mainly concentrated at: Dongfang, Hainan (75 birds, constituting 4.5% of the known world population); Haifeng, Guangdong (56 birds, constituting 3.3% of the known world population); Xinhua Bay, Fujian (total 50 birds: 31 birds at Fuqian and 19 birds at Putian, constituting 3.0% of the known world population). As ever, Xuan Thuy Nation Park is the largest wintering site for Black-faced Spoonbills in Vietnam, a total of 74 birds were counted during this census. A total of 155 birds were counted from western Japan and Nansei-shoto Islands, very similar to the numbers of last two previous years. Twenty-one birds were recorded at Jeju Island, South Korea in this census the same as in the previous census. This census shows that 70% of wintering population still concentrates in Taiwan and HongKong, hence this species is still susceptible to threats. Yat-tung Yu (The International Black-faced Spoonbill Census Coordinator ) 黑脸琵鹭研究和保育国际研讨会在香港召开 由香港特区政府环境及自然保育基金 环境保护运动委员会及裘初基金会支持, 得到国际鸟盟亚洲分部, 香港特区政府渔护自然护理署, 世界自然 ( 香港 ) 基金会和嘉道理农场暨植物园全力帮助, 香港观鸟会主办的黑脸琵鹭研究和保育国际研讨会于 2006 年 1 月 16 至 18 日在香港召开 参与者包括来自荷兰 日本 越南 菲律宾 朝鲜 韩国, 中国的香港 澳门 台湾 上海 福州 厦门 海丰 深圳及海南等地的琵鹭专家, 野生动物主管部门代表 保护区人员 保育工作者 业余观鸟团体代表以及中国鸟类学会鹤类及水鸟专家组组长王岐山教授 本次研讨会是香港首次举办的黑脸琵鹭研讨会, 参加人数及代表地区也是历 次举办的黑脸琵鹭研讨会中最多的 本次研讨会提供了一个交流平台, 复核香港和东亚地区的黑脸琵鹭研究资料 加强对全球濒危黑脸琵鹭及其生境的认识, 作为将来保育琵鹭及其栖息地的重要依据 同时, 与会者借此加强了现时的黑脸琵鹭保育网络, 寻求更多合作伙伴并及促进了各地专家的互相交流, 加强并集中保育力量, 从而保护黑脸琵鹭及其生境 本次研讨会也讨论了最新的 黑脸琵鹭保育行动纲领, 作为将来保育琵鹭及其栖息地的重要依据 该行动纲领预计在今年年底或明年初出版 在研讨会前后, 我们安排了与会者在 1 月 15 日和 18 日分别到深圳福田国家级自然保护 42

43 Reports 区和香港米埔自然保护区 香港国际湿地公园作野外考察, 借此让参加者更了解在该地越冬 的黑脸琵鹭及其生境 表 1 黑脸琵鹭研究和保育国际研讨会报告题目 Table 1 Presentations list of International Symposium on Research and Conservation of the Black-faced Spoonbill, ) 黑脸琵鹭 - 保育及国际合作 Black-faced Spoonbill Conservation and International Collaboration 2) 黑脸琵鹭的繁殖生物学及人工繁殖的探讨 Breeding biology of Black-faced Spoonbill and an insight from artificial breeding 3) 日本的黑脸琵鹭越冬种群 Wintering population of Black-faced Spoonbill in Japan 4) 台湾的黑脸琵鹭保育 The conservation of Black-faced Spoonbill in Taiwan 5) 长江口的黑脸琵鹭及其生境 Black-faced Spoonbill and its habitats at Yangtze River Estuary 6) 福建省的黑脸琵鹭及其栖息地保护 Black-faced Spoonbill and its habitats protection in Fujian province 7) 台湾台南黑脸琵鹭的肉毒杆菌的爆发 Botulism outbreak among Black-faced Spoonbills at Chi-ku, Tainan, Taiwan 刘小如 (Lucia Liu Severinghaus) 郑钟烈 (Chong Jong-ryol) 山田泰广 (Yasuhiro Yamada) 方伟宏 (Fang Woei-horng) 马志军 (Ma Zhijun) 刘伯锋 (Liu Bofeng) 方伟宏 (Fang Woei-horng) 8) 香港的黑脸琵鹭调查 Black-faced Spoonbill surveys in Hong Kong 余日东 (Yu Yat Tung) 9) 澳门的黑脸琵鹭现况 The current status of Black-faced Spoonbills 梁华 (Leung Va) in Macau SAR 10) 海南岛的黑脸琵鹭和水鸟保育 Conservation of Black-faced 梁伟 (Liang Wei) Spoonbill and waterbirds on Hainan Island 11) 越南的黑脸琵鹭保育 Conservation of Black-faced Spoonbill in Nguyen Duc Tu Vietnam 12) 全球黑脸琵鹭的种群变化 Changes in Black-faced Tom Dahmer ( 戴名阳 ) Spoonbill global population ) 韩国黑脸琵鹭的繁殖生物学及状况 Status and breeding biology Lee Ki-sup 和 Kim Incheol of Black-faced Spoonbills in Korea 14) 黑脸琵鹭的生境 Habitats of the Black-faced Spoonbill Cornelis Swennen 15) 日本黑脸琵鹭的人造卫星追踪 Satellite tracking study on 山田泰广 (Yasuhiro Yamada) Black-faced Spoonbill from Japan 16) 韩国繁殖期黑脸琵鹭的觅食地点及食物资源 Foraging sites and Kim Incheol 和 Kim Sooil food resources of the Black-faced Spoonbill during its breeding season in South Korea 17) ( 受伤 ) 黑脸琵鹭在嘉道理农场暨植物园的康复过程 Rehabilitation Amanda Haig 和 Alex Grioi of Black-faced Spoonbill at KFBG 18) 台湾黑脸琵鹭的成鸟及未成年鸟的比例 Adult/non-adult ratio of 刘良力 (Liu Liang-li) Black-faced Spoonbill in Taiwan 2

44 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 消息报道 19) 2002/03 冬季香港米埔内后海湾无线电追踪黑脸琵鹭的生境利用 Habitat utilization of radio-tracked Black-faced Spoonbill in Mai Po and Inner Deep Bay, Hong Kong, Winter 2002/03 20) 台湾台南黑脸琵鹭的无线电追踪及越冬生境 Radio-tracking and wintering habitats of Black-faced Spoonbills at Tainan areas, Taiwan 21) 米埔自然保护区对黑脸琵鹭的生境管理 Habitat management at Mai Po Nature Reserve for Black-faced Spoonbill 22) 用作吸引黑脸琵鹭 - 香港湿地的管理 Management of a Hong Kong Wetland to attract Black-faced Spoonbills 23) 通过政府及非政府团体紧密合作对黑脸琵鹭开展更好的保育 Better Black-faced Spoonbill conservation through close cooperation between NGOs and Government 24) 1995 黑脸琵鹭保育行动纲领的落实 Implementation of the 1995 Black-faced Spoonbill Action Plan Paul Leader 刘良力 (Liu Liang-li) 和王颖 (Wang Ying) Bena Smith Michael R. Leven 利伟雄 (Lee Wai Hung) 陈承彦 (Simba Chan) 25) 黑脸琵鹭的保育状况 Conservation status of Black-faced Spoonbill 陈承彦 (Simba Chan) 余日东 ( 香港观鸟会 ) International Symposium on Research and Conservation of the Black-faced Spoonbill was held in Hong kong Organized by The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Sponsored by the environmental and conservation Fund of Hong Kong,Hong Kong Environmental Protection Committee, Qiuchu Fund, BirdLife International Asia Division, Hong Kong Fishery Conservation Agency, WWF(Hong Kong) and KFBG, International Symposium on Research and Conservation of the Black-faced Spoonbill was held in Hong Kong, 16~18 January, 2006 Participants came from Netherlands, Japan, Vietnam, The Philippines, North and South Koreas, Chinese experts of Black-faced Spoonbill wildlife administrative delegates nature reserve staff conservators and amateur bird watching groups came from Hong Kong, Macaw,Taiwan,Shanghai,Fuzhou,Xiamen, Haifeng,Shenzhen and Hainan,and Prof Wang Qi-Shan the Director of China Crane and Waterbird Committee attended the symposium It is the first symposium of Black-faced Spoonbill hold in Hong Kong,the delegate number and delegate presented regions is the most of the same kind of symposia have held This symposium provides a chance to check the data of Black-faced Spoonbill research in Hong Kong and East Asia,to deepen the awareness on the world endangered species and its habitat,so that may conserve the bird and its habitat At the meeting,the latest Action Plan on Black-faced Spoonbill Conservation was discussed, it will be published in the end of 2006 or the early 2007, to provide an important base for conserving Black-faced Spoonbill and its habitat Participants were arranged to visit Shenzhen Futian National N R,Hong Kong Maipo N 43

45 Reports R and Hong Kong International Wetland Park on 15 th January and 18 th January respectively, so as to let the participants know more about the wintering Black-faced Spoonbill and its habitat in the area Yat-tung Yu (The International Black-faced Spoonbill Census Coordinator ) 福建鸟类新纪录 ---- 白腹军舰鸟 2006 年 5 月 2 日, 在福州的闽侯十八重溪发现一只死亡鸟, 经鉴定, 该鸟为白腹军舰鸟 (Fregata andrewsi), 幼体, 雌性 ( 封三 ), 属国家一级重点保护野生动物, 全球极危种 (IUCN,2004), 种群总数少于 2000 对 (Carrey G.J.et al.,2001) 形态特征: 上嘴和下嘴均长而强, 嘴端有嘴甲向下弯曲成钩状, 嘴基裸露, 鼻孔不显 头及颈部羽毛污白略带锈褐色, 体背羽褐色, 飞羽深褐色 两翅狭长, 初级飞羽 10 枚, 次级飞羽 24 枚, 三级飞羽发达,5~6 枚 翼上覆羽羽毛中间黑色, 外缘白色, 呈鱼鳞状花纹 尾长, 深叉状, 铗尾, 尾羽 12 枚 下体喉囊灰色, 被有灰褐色细小短羽 胸羽黑褐色, 腹羽白色为其主要特征 跗跖短, 被有短羽,4 趾均向前, 为前趾足, 趾间有凹蹼, 爪长而曲, 黑色 嘴浅粉红色向肉色转变, 脚亦呈肉色 白腹军舰鸟通常生活在外海, 见于印度洋东北部的热带海域, 我国仅偶见于广东沿海岛屿 ( 郑作新等,1997), 福建省过去未见报道, 本次发现为福建省鸟类新纪录 在福州的闽侯十八重溪发现该鸟, 推测是受到 2006 年的第一号台风 珍珠 影响, 刮到此地, 应为迷鸟 表 1 鸟体量衡度 (g,mm) Table 1 The measurement of bird body 体重 Body weight 体长 Body 嘴峰长 Culmen 翼长 Wing 尾长 Tail 跗跖长 taso-metatarsus 周冬良 ( 福建省野生动植物保护管理中心, 电子信箱 :[email protected] ) 余希郑丁团 ( 福建省野生动植物与湿地资源监测中心, 福州,350003) Fregata andrewsi the new record of bird species in Fujian A dead bird was found in Shibachongxi, Minhou, Fuzhou, it was identified to be a young female of Fregata andrewsi, it is the Ⅰ class national protective wildlife in China and the CR species (IUCN,2004)in the world, with less than pairs(carrey G.J.et al., 2001) in the world. Morphology: Both upper and lower mandibles are long and strong, with nail in the tip of bill, the nail is down-curved to form a hook, the bill 46

46 Reports has naked base, the nostril is unclear. The head and neck of the bird are dingy white with slight rusty, with brown back and sepia remiges. The wing is long and narrow, with 10 primaries, 24 secondaries and 5~6 developed tertiaries. The feather of upper wing coverts is black in central and white in edges to form scaly markings. The long forficated tail has 12 rectrices. The gular pouch in upper parts is grey covered with tiny ashy-brown feathers. The fuscous breast and white abdomen show the main character of the bird. The short taso-metatarsus covered with short feathers, it has flesh- colored pamprodactylous and incised foot, the black claw is long and curved. The mandibles are pale pink to flesh- colored. The bird usually lives in outer sea and distributes in tropical sea waters, in China it was met only in maritime islands of Guangdong (Zheng Zuo-Xin, et al., 1997). This finding is the new record of bird species in Fujian. The bird is inferred brought by The Pearl, the 1 st typhoon in 2006, and is a lost bird in Fuzhou. Zhou Dong-Liang (Fujiang Wildlife Protective and Administrative Center, Fujian Forestry Bureau,)Yu Xi, Zheng Ding-Tuan (Monitoring Center of Fujiang Wildlife and Wetland Resource, Fuzhou, ) 促进社群参与自然保护区管理的教育项目的完成 国际鹤类基金会和北京天下溪教育研究所于 2005 年 3 月完成了社群教育项目, 这是一个在中国由当地社群和湿地保护区参与的环境教育过程 这一为期 3 年的项目由总部设在纽约的美国路思基金会资助 此项目的主要目标是在中国 5 个地方 ( 草海 挠力河 鄱阳湖 向海和扎龙 ) 和在俄罗斯东南部的 1 个地方 ( 穆拉维克公园 ) 发展自然保护区和当地社群的联系 通过在每个地方为当地学生举办环境夏令营和制定学校教材, 将重点集中在湿地对人和野生动物的重要性上, 争取更多的社群参与并支持自然保护区的管理 在项目的最后一年, 完成了以下剩余的活动 : 1) 在俄罗斯阿穆尔州的 Muraviovka 公园举办了国际夏令营 2) 完成了用中俄两国语言写成的 两个国家 一个世界 国际夏令营的教材 3) 在吉林省向海自然保护区举办夏令营, 制 46 定了 霍林河流过的地方 教材 4) 在黑龙江挠力河自然保护区制定了 与鹤共舞 教材 5) 在黑龙江扎龙保护区制定 扎龙 教材 6) 完成 湿地环境教育工作者手册 用于配合已制定的学校教材系列 7) 在吉林省向海保护区举办总结研讨会 此外, 在过去的 3 年中, 以完善学校教材为重点的项目模式已经在中国对其他的教育计划产生了深刻影响 有几个组织在了解我们的项目后, 也采用基于社群的模式开展类似的教育, 例如, 自然之友 - 湖北小组就为洪湖制定了学校的教材 ; 云南省的拉什海自然保护区在北京天下溪教育研究所的协助下, 正在制定教材 为了提高对该项目的兴趣, 天下溪教育研究所于 2005 年秋组织了一个关于制定农村和地方性教材的研讨会, 有代表政府机构 非政府组织, 来自北京 云南 青海 四川 陕

47 Reports 西和湖北等地科研机构的 56 人参加了研讨会 想要了解有关这个项目更多信息, 或需要学校和夏令营的教材, 请进入 信箱和北京天下溪教育 研究所联系, 或进入 信箱和国际鹤类基金会中国项目联系 Sara Gavney Moore ( 国际鹤类基金会项目助理 ) Completion of Education Project promoting community involvementin nature reserve management In March 2005 the International Crane Foundation (ICF) and the Beijing Brooks Education Center completed the community-based education project, An Environmental Education Process That Involves Local Communities With Wetland Reserve Management in China. The three-year project was supported by the Henry Luce Foundation based in New York. An important goal of the project was to develop linkages between nature reserves and local communities at five sites in China (Cao Hai, Naoli River, Poyang Lake, Xianghai and Zhalong) and a sixth site in southeastern Russia (Muraviovka Park). By focusing on the importance of wetlands to both people and wildlife, the education programs developed through this project, which include environmental camps for local students and school curricula for each site, strive to increase community involvement in and support for the management goals of the nature reserves. During the final year the remaining activities under the project objectives were completed, including: 1)International summer camp at Muraviovka Park, Amur Region, Russia 2 ) Development of international camp curriculum, Two Nations:One World (available in both Chinese and Russian) 3) School curriculum, A Place Where Huolin River Flows, and summer camp at Xianghai Nature Reserve, Jilin Province 4) School curriculum, Dancing With Cranes, for Naoli River Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province 5) School curriculum, Zhalong, for Zhalong Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province 6) Development of Wetland Environmental Education Manual to compliment school curricula series 7)Summary workshop at Xianghai Nature Reserve, Jilin Province In addition, the project model, which is among the first to focus on school curricula development in China, has had a significant impact on other education programs within China during the past three years. After learning about our project, several organizations have adopted the community-based model for similar education programs, including the Friends of Nature-Hubei Office, which has developed a school curriculum for Honghu Lake in Hubei Province, and Lashihai Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, which is in the process of curriculum development with assistance from Beijing Brooks Education Center. In addition, in response to growing interest in the project, Beijing Brooks Education Center organized a workshop on rural/local curriculum development in fall 2005, which was attended 48

48 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 消息报道 by 56 participants representing government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and academic institutions from Beijing, Yunnan, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Hubei Provinces. For more information about the project, or to request copies of the school and camp curricula, please contact the Beijing Brooks Education Center at [email protected] or the ICF China Program at [email protected]. Sara Gavney Moore (Program Assistant, International Crane Foundation) 中国动物志鸟纲第五卷鹤形目鸻形目鸥形目 书讯 中国动物志鸟纲第五卷鹤形目鸻形目鸥形目 是由王岐山教授主持, 王岐山 马鸣和高育仁三位鸟类学家通过查阅大量标本和中外文献资料, 系统地整理我国现有的鹤形目 鸻形目和鸥形目鸟类的研究成果, 从开始写稿到出版, 历时八年, 经过不懈努力而完成的重要鸟类区系分类著作 本书记述了鹤形目 鸻形目和鸥形目鸟类共 3 目 17 科 62 属 153 种另 26 亚种 每个目按总论和各论两大部分撰写, 总论部分系统地介绍了本目鸟类的形态和生物学特征 分类学研究概况, 以及地理分布等内容, 各论部分对本目各科 属 种和亚种的形态及习性和生态分布进行了细致的描述, 并对各种和亚种的分类地位进行了讨论 各目都有科属检索表和种及亚种检索表, 各种都有详细的形态学度量衡数据 本书分类阶元的编排基本依据郑作新 (1976,2000) 和 del Hoyo 等人 (1996) 的分类系统, 并结合最新研究成果, 对一些属 种和亚种的名称及分类进行了修改或补充 该 书所涉及鸟类种类多, 内容丰富, 引用文献多, 全书共有地理分布图 128 幅, 所有鸟类都有外形图, 其中黑白图 126 幅, 彩色图 27 幅, 其他图 9 幅, 这些在同类著作中是不多见的 全书共 644 页 本书所涉及的鸟类绝大多数是水鸟, 许多是长距离迁徙的涉禽, 其中的一些是濒危物种, 因此本书对于湿地生态学研究 自然资源保护与管理 生态环境评价具有重要的参考价值 本书可供科研 教学 文化艺术 农 林 牧 环保 海关和旅游部门的有关人员参考 本书由中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会主编, 属中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目和国家自然科学基金重大项目, 由国家自然科学基金委员会 中国科学院和科学技术部资助, 国家科学技术学术著作出版基金资助出版, 于 2006 年 3 月由科学出版社出版发行 周立志 ( 安徽大学生命科学学院, 合肥 ) Book news: FAUNA SINICA Aves vol. 5 Gruiformes, Charadriigormes and Larigformes Directed by Prof.Wang Qi-Shan, with the participation of the Senior Reserchers Ma Ming 49 and Gao Yu-Ren the FAUNA SINICA Aves vol. 5 Gruiformes, Charadriigormes and

49 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 消息报道 Larigformes was published. By checking large amount of bird specimen and retriving many references in chinese and in foringn lauguages, the three ornithologists systematically sort out the research achievements in the birds of Gruiformes, Charadriigormes and Larigformes, made great efforts for 8 years and completed the important work in aves fauna. This book describes totally 3 orders 17 families 62 genuses 153 species and 26 subspecies in addition. The record of order consists of two parts: the introduction and specific description, introduction part includes the morphological and biological characters, the status of taxonomic research and geographic distribution of the birds of this order; The morphology, habit and ecological distribution of each family, genus, species and subspecies are described in detail, and the systematical position of each species and subspecies is discussed in specific description part. Each order has the key of families and genuses and the keys of species and subspecies, each species has its data of weights and measures. Hierarchy of the book is arranged basically on the classification systems of Prof.Zheng Zuo-Xin(1976,2000)and Mr.del Hoyo(1996)and combining with the uptate research achievements,the scientific name and systimatical position of some genuses,species and subspecies are revised or added. This book involves lots of bird species, rich in contain and citation, and pages 644. There are 128 geographical distribution maps in this book, all the birds have morphological pictures, including 126 black and white pictures, 27 color pictures and 9 others, it is unusual amonge the same kind of works. The birds in this book mostly are waterfowls, many are long distance migratory waders, some are the endangered species, hence it is of important reference value in studying wetland ecology, protecting and managing nature resources and evaluating ecological environment. The personnel concerned working in departments of research, teaching, culture and arts, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, environmental protection,the Customs and tuorism may use the book for reference. This book is edited by Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and belongs to the Major Project of the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundationof China, and supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.It was published by Science Press in March, Zhou Li-Zhi (School of Life Science, Anhui University Hefei ) 中国鹤类研究 书讯 由王岐山 李凤山主编的 中国鹤类研究 于 2005 年 12 月由云南教育出版社出版 该书以论文集的形式, 收录了 28 篇有关中国鹤类的研究论文, 分为综述 (2 篇 ) 数量和分布 (8 篇 ) 生态习性(11 篇 ) 以及饲养繁殖和疾病 (7 篇 ) 四部分 作者包括来自科研院所 大学 自然保护区和动物园的研究人员 在校研究生以及国际鹤类基金会的专家等 96 人, 49

50 Reports 代表近年来中国鹤类研究的主要成果, 从一定程度上反映了当前国内鹤类研究的内容和学术水平 该书由国际鹤类基金会 (ICF) 资助, 中国鸟类学会鹤类与水鸟专业委员会从 2003 年 10 月开始策划 征稿并组织编辑 全书 38 万 字, 共 212 页, 定价 元, 书店暂无销售, 由中国鸟类学会鹤类与水鸟专业委员会负责发行 有需要者请与丁长青博士联系, 地址 : 北京市海淀区北四环西路 25 号中国科学院动物研究所, 电话 : , [email protected] Book news:crane Research in China Edited by Wang Qi-shan and Li Feng-shan, a book Crane Research in China was published by Yunnan Education Publishing House in December, The book gathered twenty-eight crane research papers, presenting the new results and current status on the crane research in China. The book contains four parts: review (2 papers), population and distribution (8 papers), ecology and habit (11 papers) and captive breeding and disease treatment (7 papers). 96 authors were involved. They are researchers from institutes, universities, nature reserves and zoos in China and experts from ICF. The publication of this book is sponsored by the International Crane Foundation (ICF). China Crane and Waterbird Committee started to design, call for papers and organize the editing since October, The book was published in Chinese with English abstracts. Foreign colleagues who want to get this book, please contact Dr. Ding Chang-Qing at [email protected] Membership for the China Crane and Watrerbird Committee The China Crane and Waterbird Committee (CCWC) offers membership to people who are making efforts in research, conservation, education, management, and publicity of cranes and other waterbirds, and their habitats in China. As a member, you will receive two issues of China Crane News each year. Dr. Li Feng-shan from the International Crane Foundation will be the coordinator for overseas membership. If you would like to enroll as a member of the CCWC, please make a check of $20 payable to: International Crane Foundation c/o Dr. Li Feng-shan, P.O.Box 447, Baraboo, Wisconsin 53913, USA. You also can make a payment by credit card; please give your credit card number and expiration date. If you have questions regarding the membership, please contact Dr. Li Fengshan. Tel: ext. 158 Fax: [email protected] 2

51 中国鹤类通讯 10 卷 1 期 消息报道 中国鹤类通讯 编委会 The Editorial Board of CHINA CRANE NEWS 主编 : 王岐山 Editor-in-Chief:WANG Qi-Shan 副主编 : 丁长青徐延恭杨兆芬周立志 Associate Chief Editor:DING Chang-Qing, XU Yan-Gong, YANG Zhao-Fen, ZHOU Li-Zhi 编委 :Members of the Board 陈承彦 Simba CHAN, 丁长青 DING Chang-Qing, 韩联宪 HAN Lian-Xian, 李凤山 LI Feng-Shan, 马鸣 MA Ming, 马逸清 MA Yi-Qing, 马志军 MA Zhi-Jun, 钱法文 QIAN Fa-Wen, 王岐山 WANG Qi-Shan, 徐延恭 XU Yan-Gong, 杨兆芬 YANG Zhao-Fen, 张金国 ZHANG Jin-Guo, 周放 ZHOU Fang, 周立志 ZHOU Li-Zhi, 邹红菲 ZOU Hong-Fei 本期编辑 Editor: 马蕊 MA Rui, 李峰 LI Feng ***** 征稿启示 中国鹤类通讯 是中国鸟类学会鹤类与水鸟专业委员会编辑的鹤类与水鸟信息交流的内部刊物, 主要报道中国鹤类与水鸟的研究 保护 饲养 管理 宣传和教育等工作的动态和阶段成果, 也报道国外鹤类研究动态及其它水鸟有关信息, 欢迎同行及各界人士踊跃投稿 来稿要求 1 同时提交文字纸稿和电子版到本刊邮箱 [email protected], 注明联系电话 电子邮箱和 中国鹤类通讯稿件 字样 无电子版稿件恕不接收 ;2 字数以 字为宜, 希勿超过 2000 字 ;3 纸质文稿请用宋体小 4 号隔行打印 ;4 内容简明扼要, 相关地点请给出经纬度 ;5 文末写明作者姓名 工作单位和邮政编码 ;6 来稿可只用中文, 由本刊负责译成英文 来稿请寄 : 安徽省合肥市安徽大学生命科学学院王岐山先生收, 截稿日期为每年 4 月 20 日和 10 月 20 日 中国鹤类通讯 已改用彩色封面, 欢迎提供鹤类及水鸟的高质量彩色照片 同时欢迎各自然保护区和动物园提供介绍性稿件和照片 ( 封 2-3) 本刊为半年刊,6 月和 12 月出版, 向鹤类与水鸟专业委员会会员及国内外有关单位和个人免费赠阅 如因工作需要本刊者, 请与丁长青博士联系, 地址 : 北京市海淀区北四环西路 25 号中国科学院动物研究所, 电话 :