Microsoft Word - 9--杨岗_new_.doc

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1 45 3 Vol.45, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA May, 2014 * ( ), , : , ,,, 鸻, 76.67%, 鸻, 鸻 鸻, ; ; ; ; Q958.1 doi: /hyhz , (Whittaker et al, 1973; Gibbs, 1993), (Green, 1996),,,,, 8, -,, (, 2009),,,, (Ogden, 1991; Guillemain et al, 2000; Elphick et al, 2002),,,,, (Ma et al, 1999; Tourenq et al, 2001),, (, 2007),,, *, 2010GXNSFE013004, 2011GXNSFE018001, [email protected] :,, [email protected] : , :

2 514 45, 3 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) 1 ( 1), N, E,, 50km, 8000hm 2, (, 2010),,, 23.4 C, 2 C, 37.4 C, mm, 80% 85% 4 9, 2.35m, 6.25m, : ( 50m) (, )(); : (,,, 131hm 2 ) (,, 337hm 2 ) Fig.1 1 Location of the Shankou National Natural Reserve, Guangxi, South China 2, ( 1) () (), 10 14, (: 表 1 栖息地利用方式 Tab.1 Habitat use by waterbirds in different areas,,

3 3 : 515 ; : ), (Howes et al, 1989), (Howes et al, 1989), :, , Howes (1988), 䴙䴘 鸻 鸻 鹡鸰 鸻, (Martin et al, 1993),,,,, (Davis et al, 1998) () 2.3, 鸻 鸻 6, t, Mann- Whitney U, ( ) Pearson,, Spearman Microsoft Excel 2003 SPSS ( ) , 9942 ( 2)6 8 39, 5411, , 4531 表 2 不同滨海湿地类型水鸟组成 Tab.2 The observed number of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands CICONIIFORMES Ardeidae 1. Ardea cinerea W Egretta alba W Egretta intermedia P Egretta garzetta R Bubulcus ibis R Ardeola bacchus R Butorides striatus R Nycticorax nycticorax R Ixobrychus sinensis R * Ixobrychus cinnamomeus S * Ixobrychus flavicollis S 1 ANSERIFORMES Anatidae 12. * Anas falcata W Anas crecca W * Anas acuta W 18 GRUIFORMES Rallidae 15. * Gallirallus striatus R 1

4 续表 * Rallus aquaticus W Amaurornis phoenicurus R Gallinula chloropus R 1 4 鸻 CHARADRIIFORMES Recurvirostridae 19. Himantopus himantopus W 1 17 鸻 Glareolidae 20. 鸻 Glareola maldivarum P 180 鸻 Charadriidae 21. * Vanellus cinereus W 鸻 Pluvialis fulva W 鸻 Pluvialis squatarola W 鸻 Charadrius dubius W 鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus W 鸻 Charadrius mongolus W 鸻 Charadrius leschenaultii P Scolopacidae 28. * Gallinago stenura W Gallinago gallinago W Limosa lapponica W Numenius phaeopus W Numenius arquata W Tringa erythropus W * Tringa totanus W Tringa stagnatilis W Tringa nebularia W Tringa ochropus W Tringa glareola W Actitis hypoleucos R * Calidris tenuirostris W Calidris ruficollis W * Calidris temminckii W * Calidris subminuta W * Calidris ferruginea W Calidris alpina W CORACIIFORMES Alcedinidae 46. Alcedo atthis R Halcyon smyrnensis R Halcyon pileata S Ceryle rudis R PASSERIFORMES 鹡鸰 Motacillidae 50. 鹡鸰 Motacilla alba W * 51. 鹡鸰 Motacilla citreola P 10 * 52. 鹡鸰 Motacilla flava W * Anthus richerdi W * Anthus hodgsoni W 1 R: ; S: ; W: ; P: *

5 3 : , 4, : 鸻, : 鸻 鹡鸰 鹡鸰, 681, (t=0.154, P=0.876>0.05) 鸻 (t= 1.863, P=0.082>0.05)(t= 1.964, P=0.068> 0.05) 鸻 Mann-Whitney U, (U=31.000, P=0.673>0.05) (U=17.500, P=0.074>0.05), 鸻 (U=15.000, P=0.046<0.05) 3.2 ( 2, 3),,,,, 鸻 (43.75%),, 鸻, 鸻 ( 4, 5), Fig.3 Fig.4 3 Seasonal variation in percentage of species richness of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands 4 Seasonal variation in species abundance of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands Fig.2 2 Seasonal variation in species richness of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands Fig.5 5 Seasonal variation in percentage of species abundance of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands, 鸻,, (77.50%), 鸻 (18.42%) (4.08%);

6 (63.47%), 鸻 25.82%, 鸻 (33.33%), 鸻 (45.97%), 鸻 , 3784, 鸻 2856, 6 (t=0.053, P=0.958> 0.05), 19.63% 15.36% 鸻 (t=3.986, P<0.001), 76.67%,, 71.85% 鸻, 鸻 Fig.6 6 Variation in behavior composition of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands 3.3.2,, : (R= 0.286, P=0.101; R= 0.147, P=0.482), 鸻 (R= 0.437, P=0.009<0.01; R= 0.402, P=0.031<0.05), 鸻 4 4.1, (Tourenq et al, 2001),,,,,,, Ma (2004),,,,,,,, 鸻,,,,, 2 345, 鸻,,,,,, 鸻, (, 2006) (Ma et al, 2002), 45,,, 2 3,,,,,,

7 3 : :, 鸻, 鸻,,,, 鸻, 鸻,,,, De-Boer (1996),,, 鸻 鸻, 鸻 鸻 鸻 鸻,,, 鸻,,,,,, ;,, (t=0.053, P=0.958>0.05), 鸻 (t=3.986, P<0.001), 鸻, 鸻,, 4.3 (Ma et al, 2004),, 1 2,,,,,,,, 鸻 :, 鸻,, 鸻,,, 鸻, 鸻,, 鸻, 4.4 4, 鸻 : 鸻, 136,,,,,,,,,,,, 鸻,,,, (), 5 -

8 520 45,,,,, 鸻, 鸻,, ;, 鸻 ( ) (, 2005),,,, ;,,,,, , 25(6): ,,, , 29(12): ,,, :, ,,, , 31(1): 37 42,, 彧, 鸻., 26(1): Davis C A, Smith L M, Ecology and management of migrant shorebirds in the Playa Lakes Region of Texas. Wildlife Monographs, 140: 3 45 De-boer W, Longamane F, The exploitation of intertidal food resources in Inhaca Bay, Mozambique, by shorebirds and humans. Biological Conservation, 78(3): Elphick C S, Oring L W, Winter management of Californian rice fields for waterbirds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35(1): Gibbs J P, Importance of small wetlands for the persistence of local populations of wetland-associated animals. Wetlands, 13(1): Green A J, Analyses of globally threatened Anatidae in relation to threats, distribution, migration patterns, and habitat use. Conservation Biology, 10(5): Guillemain M, Fritz H, Guillon N, The use of an artificial wetland by shoveler Anas clypeata in western France: the role of food resources. Revue d'ecologie, 55(3): Howes J, Bakewell D, Shorebird Studies Manual. Asian Wetland Bureau Publication, Kuala Lumpur: Howes J, Prarish D, Melville D, Introductory Manual for Field Studies on Waterbirds. Asian Wetland Bureau Publication, Kuala Lumpur: Ma Z J, Li B, Zhao B et al, Are artificial wetlands good alternatives to natural wetlands for waterbirds? A case study on Chongming Island, China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13(2): Ma Z J, Tang S M, Lu F et al, Chongming Island: A less important shorebird stopover site during southward migration? Stilt, 41: Ma Z J, Wang Z J, Tang H X, Habitat use and selection by Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis in winter in Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China. Ibis, 141(1): Martin P, Bateson P, Measuring Behaviour: An Introd uctory Guide. 2 nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: Ogden J C, Nesting by wood storks in natural, altered, and artificial wetlands in central and northern Florida. Colonial Waterbirds, 14(1): Tourenq C, Bennetts R E, Kowalski H et al, Are ricefields a good alternative to natural marshes for waterbird communities in the Camargue, southern France? Biological Conservation, 100(3): Whittaker R H, Likens G E, Primary production: the biosphere and man. Human Ecology, 1(4):

9 3 : 521 HABITAT USE BY WATERBIRDS IN COASTAL WETLANDS DURING MIGRATORY SEASONS IN SHANKOU NATURE RESERVE, GUANGXI, SOUTH CHINA YU Chen-Xing, YANG Gang, LU Zhou, LI Dong, ZHOU Fang (College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning , China) Abstract In order to understand the structures and behavioral characteristics of waterbirds during migratory seasons in different coastal wetlands, a survey was conducted on waterbirds of different types in coastal wetlands in the Shankou National Natural Reserve, Guangxi, South China in March, April, September, and November in 2010 and March in Thirty-nine waterbird species, belonging to 8 families 6 orders, were recorded in natural wetlands; 50 waterbird species, belonging to 9 families 6 orders were recorded in artificial wetlands. The species richness was higher in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands. The species abundance was higher in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands in spring, and was lower in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands in autumn. There was a significant difference in percentage of foraging shorebirds between natural wetlands and artificial wetlands; shorebirds foraging behavior reached 76.67% in natural wetlands for resting and sleeping, and other non-foraging behavior in mainly artificial wetlands. The natural wetlands were an important foraging habitat for shorebirds, and herons and shorebirds used artificial wetlands as a rest area. The number of herons was not related to tidal rhythm, while that of shorebirds decreased when tidal height increased in both types of coastal wetlands. Therefore, coastal artificial wetlands are good alternatives to natural wetlands in high tide for waterbirds. Key words waterbird; migration; mangrove habitat; coastal wetland; Shankou National Natural Reserve