Investigation of Current Status in Beinan River System

Transcription

1 Investigation of Current Status in Beinan River System

2 Investigation of Current Status in Beinan River System

3

4

5 I-1..II III-1. IV V-1....VI-1

6 (91 ) (91 ) ( ) A B C A B

7 3-14 C A B C f f2f f4f5f6f f8 f f10, f11,f f16,

8 f f C C C C () () ,

9 4-3 GPS GPS GPS GPS

10

11 M R S

12

13 GPS GPS (IVI) IVI IVI IVI IVI IVI IVI IVI IVI IVI

14 4-21 IVI IVI

15 鲃 V

16 a b

17 ()3-45() f f2f (),3-48() f4f (),3-50() f6f f (),3-54() f (),3-58() (),3-64()

18 (),3-68() () () C C C C 鱲 鲃

19 鴴 鴴

20 ( ) ( )

21 ( 3,293 ) ( 3,666 ) ,603 70% 30% % 84% 12,800 RPI

22 RPI habitat A.

23 B ()

24 ()

25 GIS

26 GIS Index.htm Login.htm Select_use.asp Join.htm search.asp search_main.asp Add.asp Update.asp Add_over..asp Delete.asp Update_over.asp Delete_over.asp Add_Load_main.as Add_Load.asp search_over.asp Add_place.asp

27 1.

28

29 Abstract The early work on the development and management of rivers was emphasized the construction of hydraulic facilities which were related to flood-control and water resource allocation, but the ecological protection was barely concerned. The current issue in the river management is how we can balance water utilization, flood-damage mitigation, and the recovery of the local natural environment. In the demand of river environment protection, we need to establish the basic ecological data to provide the river engineers for more ideal design. Investigation of Current Status in Beinan River System was a two-year project, from 2002 to 2004, the mainstream and its five branches were detailed investigated. The results of the investigation not only provide more complete biological and ecological data for future management of the whole Beinan River basin, but also carry out the true goal of ecological engineering methods. The major achievements of this project were: habitat investigation, river biological composition, ecological resource database and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on World Wide Web (WWW) querying system. Through the integrated data, we provide environmental protection index and suggestions for the river management. On the habitat investigation, we believe that Beinan River is one of the few rivers with good water quality and abundant natural resources in Taiwan. We suggest that we need to preserve the giant stones in the middle of the river, since the giant stones will reduce water velocity, prevent erosion, and provide deep pools. Because channelized branch will increase the discharge loading of the mainstream and obliterate the natural flood-prevention function, we should prevent river branch from channelization.

30 The detailed species are sorted as below: Fish 9 family 24 species Plant 105 family 373 species Shrimp 2 family 13 species Mammal 11 family 17 species Crab 2 family 4 species Bird 38 family 112 species Benthos 35 family 70 species Reptile 8 family 24 species Shellfish 8 family 10 species Amphibian 3 family 11 species Alga 36 family 89 species Insect 16 family 53 species The river biological composition investigation revealed that the environment of the Beinan River was more stable in the midstream, and also the habitat was more diversified, thus more species could be preserved in midstream. In the branches, we found large-sized fishes and more species in the reserve area. The compositions and distributions of the fauna and flora in Beinan River system are largely affected by environmental factors. In general, a more stable environment will be more suitable for more diverse and plentiful creatures. The databank contained natural, artificial environment data, biological resources data, and other reference documents, video, and pictures. According to the raw databank, we established GIS on the WWW. The investigation data is easy to be retrieved, re-analyzed, re-present in geological layer concept for all users through Internet. In summary, we have some suggestion for the management of the Beinan River: 1. Manage and plan the drainage area. By analyzing the landforms, one could plan the best way the stream goes, and dredge the mainstream when necessary via making quarrying sand open to public use. 2. Regenerate the islet in the middle of the river. The islet can control the center of flow, be the habitat for animals, and absorb heat by its vegetation. 3. Construct natural dikes. At the moment the riverbank without dikes is on the fault area, the authority should make more investigation before construct new levees. 4. Maintain and modify former dikes. The authority should consider the flood tractive force, choose different materials to improve the

31 surface of the dike, and make safety as the first priority in planning. 5. Raise the ratio of the basic research and planning in the engineering. The most serious problem in river engineering in Taiwan is insufficient basic research, only have the sufficient environment data could the engineers make good quality works. (In Japan, the ratio of previous research and design is over twenty-five percent in the whole project budget, and the previous investigation usually takes more than five years.)

32 () /3

33 1 2

34 Coriolis force

35 ()

36 鱲

37 1.1 (BEI NAN RIVER)( 1-1) 84 ( 3,666 ) 1-1

38 Scaphesthes alticorpus 鲃 Spinibarbus hollandi( 1-2) 1-3 ( 1-4) 鴴 1-2 鲃 1-5 ( 1-6)

39

40

41 1-7

42 ( 1-2 ) 300m (GIS) -- GIS

43 1-1

44 1-2

45 1.3 () () () () A. B. C. (ph) DO ppm mg/l Conductivity ms/cm Turbidity FAU NTU RPI D.

46 A. B. C. D. E. F. G. ( 1-3) 91 1/5000 ARC/VIEW 3.2 GIS

47 1-3

48 Hemimyzon taitungensis 鯝 鲃 Tanakia himategus 鰕 鰕 Rinogobius gigas 鰕 Rinogobius delicatus Awaous melanocephalus Eleotris fusca Anguilla japonica Acrossocheil paradoxu 鱲 101 ( 鱂 ) ( 鱲 鰕 Rinogobius candidianus ) 93 鰕 40 鰕 Macrobrachium japonicum Macrobrachium asperulum 2000 Platyerocheir formosa Varuna litterata

49 Candidiopotamon ratbbunj (2000)

50 2.1 ( ) ( 3,293 ) ( 3,666 ) ,603 70% 30% ( 2-1)

51 2-1

52 2.2 (Tuba) Puma Pinarai ( / 21 - ) 1. Puma Pinarai Pimala 2. 3.

53 4. ( ) 1. 5, ,976 30, ( ) (, )

54 ,900

55 480.96km km 2 1/ ORIGIN ESTUARY ( ( (RIVER ( ( 10 6 MT MT/KM 2 NO.) (SITE) (SITE) ) ) ( ) ) ) (400) Kuanshan (M) : Taitung 30 ( 2-1 ) ( 2-2)

56 ,700

57 1,068 ( 21 )

58 ,000 1,500 ( 1,850 ) ( 1,584 ) ( 2,215 ) ( 1,747 ) ( 1,505 ) ( ) 1,190 1,000 ( 2-4) ) 45 3

59 2-4 3, ( )

60 , , ,020.2

61 % % % % 84% hr 1950hr 215hr

62 65-250hr 2-2

63 mm mm mm 2-4 ; 2-5; (YY/MM- ( km 2 (TM_X) (TM_Y) ) (m) YY/MM) 121 o 10 ' 23 o 07 ' " " (4) / ( ) o 04 ' 37 " 22 o 54 ' 01 " / ( ) o 08 ' 10 " 22 o 47 ' 40 " / , ( )

64 2-5 PEAK DISCHARGE (CMS) MAX. RECORD RIVER NO LOCATION ( ) NO CATCHMENT (KM2) DATE DISCHARGE CMS/KM DATE DISCHARGE CMS/KM2 2200(400) H007 Peinan C. Yenping 2200(400) H Peinan C. taitung B. 2-3 ( 88 )

65 cms ( ) (1992) (1992) (1983) (1990) (1999) (1990) (1986) (1979) (1981) (1998) (1996) (1986) (1978) (1978) (1979) (1993) (1987) (1980) (1980) (1980) (1983) (1979) (1997) (1997) ( ) (1972) (1983) (1983) (1990) (1986) (1966) (1965) (1979) (1968) (1968) (1974) (1974) (1998) (1996) (1994) (1991) (1987) (1980) (1956) (1998) (1998) (1993) (1997) (1997) ( ) (1954) (1992) (1983) (1990) (1966) (1966) (1976) (1979) (1956) (1974) (1974) (1953) (1998) (1984) (1960) (1977) (1963) (1980) (1956) (1980) (1942) (1942) (1997) (1997)

66 2-7 ( :cms-day )

67 2-8 ( :cms-day )

68 2-4 (91 ) 2-5 (91 )

69 km km , %( ) % -1.29% , , %

70

71 ( ) ( ) 11 ( ) 20 ( )

72 /

73 :

74 M M M

75 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

76 ~ () (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) ph (s/cm) (NTU) FAU NTU RPI (RIVER POLLUTION INDEX) (BOD) (DO) (NH3-N) (SS) ( )

77 RPI RPI = 1/n = Ni n RPI 2 ( ) RPI ph 7 ~ 9 (mg/l) 8 ~ ~ (DO) mg/l (BOD5) mg/l (SS) mg/l (NH3-N) mg/l DOBOD5SS NH3-N DOBOD5SS NH3-N

78 2-14 (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) PH(NTU) (s/cm) ( 0 C)

79 2-15 RPI (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) < < < ( ) ( ) < ( ) <1 3 < ( ) <1 7.4 < ( ) <1 <3 < ( ) <1 < ( ) ( ) <1 3.4 < ( ) <1 < ( ) < < < ( ) < <1 < ( ) < < <1 <3 < ( ) <1 < ( ) ( )

80 2-16 RPI (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) < < ( ) <1 < ( ) < ( ) < ( ) < < < < < < ( ) ( ) < ( ) ( )

81 2-17 RPI (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) < ( ) < ( ) ( ) < ( ) ( ) < ( ) < ( ) < < ( ) < < ( ) < < <1 206 < < < < ( ) ( ) < ( ) ( )

82 , /6/ , /6/ ph ms/cm mg/l FAU , /6/ , /8/ , /6/ , /8/ , /8/ > , /6/ , /8/ , /6/ , /8/ , /6/ > , /8/ , /8/

83 /2/ /2/10 ph , , , , ms/cm mg/l FAU 2003/2/ /5/ /2/ /5/ /5/ /2/ /5/ , /2/ , /5/ , , /2/ /5/ /5/24 83

84 2-20 _ _ 84

85

86 habitat (1) (2) 3-3 1

87 (3) (1) V ( 3-1) 3-2 (2) (3) (4) 3-1 2

88 3-1 V ( ) 3-3 3

89 3.2 macro-habitat meso-habitat micro-habitat 3.1 water type pool-riffle 1. (1) (2) (3) 2. (1). 4

90 (2). 12 (3) ~ dmax= d-du+dd/2 3-3 Lisle

91 (Riffle) (Pool) (Glide) (Run) 7.5 m (m/s) (m*m) (cms) (m) (m) (m) m 6

92 3-2 7

93

94 m 5m m 4m m 7m m 8m m 5m 9

95 m 4m m 5m 300m m 4m m()20m10m50m ()6m m 5m 10

96 11 shear zone land slip Eocene Late Pliocene arc-continent collision slate meta-sandstone cleavage

97 3-4 12

98 3-5 Holocene Alluvium

99 conglomerate Later Pliestocene syncline 3-9 fault scarp

100

101 Lichi Mélange 3-12 Ophiolite exotic blocks Miocene Subduction Complex Manila trench, 1981;, 1988; Chen,

102 ; Chang et al., 2000LV Chang et al.,2000 North Luzon arc forearc basin 3-6 Babuyan 17

103 10Ma (Deformed segment of continent margin) 3-6 ;(Chang et al., 2001) collision shear Transpression thrust Ophiolite Gabbro Serpentine

104 pilo lava glassy basalt Gabbro plutonites Accretionary plate boundary of Eastern TaiwanJacques Angelier et al.,2001 Longtudianl Valley Fault 3-7 Chang et al., 2000 c a

105 bad land lateral erosion 20

106

107

108 3-20 flood plain 2. (1) T.P.Yen.,et al.,1951;t.p.yen.,1953;,1984;,1989,

109 ,1986;,1999 Marble Ophiolite ;,1986 Eocene 24

110 ,1986 A B C A A 25

111 3-9 G B strike dip a,3-22b b 3-22a Bi 26

112 Holocene T Pleistocene A m,20m,5m

113 B B

114 B Bi m Anticline 3-25 T A

115 C C

116 C Bi T A 300m a b 3-27 a b

117 (2) ( 2864m.) ( 2099m.) ( 1233m.) ABC A B 3-13C

118 A

119 3-13 B

120 3-14 C

121 (3) ( 3293m.) (2772m.) ( 2930m.) ( 2377m.) P ABC A B 3-16 C

122 A

123 3-16 B

124 3-17 C

125 3-18

126 A 500 A Li 3-32 exotic blocks scaly foliation 1996 Tuff sandstone

127

128 Li OOphiolite subduction complex subduction complex

129 Liou, J.G. et al

130 geological structures fabric joint fold anticline syncline fault cleavage schistosity shear zone lineation strike dip pitch Angelier Method Schmidt 3-21

131 SE (1) 3-22 f

132 ()3-45() f f f1

133 3-24 ( Davis. Reynolds., 1996) 3-22 f2f f2f3 3-25f2f f4 f5f6f f (),3-48() f4f5

134 3-49(),3-50() f6f f7 f f4 f6f f8f9 3-52f9 f

135 f8f9 f8f9 300 f f11f f5 f7 f10 f C (),3-54() 3-55f f10, f11,f12

136 Bi AB CD COB AOD AOC BOD ,3-58 f13 f14,

137 3-57(),3-58() B

138 homoclinal fold ,3-62 f16 f

139 f16, ,64,65 recumbent fold bb

140 (),3-64() , Stanley et al.1981

141 back folding

142 3-67(),3-68() () (2) 3-42 f f2

143 f f1 4 C1C2C3C C1 3-45C C2 3-46C2

144 3-73 C3 3-47C C4 3-48C () () (3) 3-50 f1f

145

146 (4) 2

147 ,

148 ( ) ( ) () () 72,976 30,

149 3-54

150 3-5 T67 _X T67 _Y ( ) m mm A mm B mm C mm D mm E mm F mm G mm H mm I mm J mm K

151 free meanders 1990 undercut slope slip-off slope

152 A. ( 3-79) 3-79 B. ( 3-80) 3-80

153 C. ( 3-81) 3-81

154 3-82 Yu and Lee,

155 , , ,

156

157 3-55

158 3-56

159 3-57

160 3-58

161 3-59

162 3-60

163 3-61

164 4.1 ( ) GPS GPS /6/ /8/ /2/ /5/ /6/ /8/ /2/ /5/ /6/ /8/ /2/ /5/ /2/ /5/ /6/ /8/ /2/ /6/ /8/ /5/ /6/ /8/ /2/ /5/ /6/ /8/ /2/ /5/24

165 4-2 GPS /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/ /2/ /5/ /8/ /11/18

166 4-1

167 4-2

168 A 1 ( 1996) GPS 2 5 ( 12 )

169 3 (A) (B) cm 10 cm x 10 cm 4 (Suber s net) cm x 50cm x cm x 50cm x 3 1 Shannon-Wiener index Η Η = S l ( Ρi *log Ρi ) Ρ i = n i / N Ρi i ni N S

170 log 2e 10 nitbit dit 10 B x 10 A 1. (Homogeneity) B x 10

171 DBH > m m 1m C 1. (important value index IVI Mueller-Domobies & Ellenberg1974) 100% GPS

172 3~ m 200m6 200m 6 Sherman GPS 500

173 (Randomized Walk Design) (Visual Encounter Method) GPS

174 5 50 %

175 4-5

176 4-6 9

177 9 24 Acrossocheilus paradoxu Scaphesthes alticorpus 鱲 Zacco pachycephalus ( 4-1) 鱲 鲃 ( 4-2) 鲃 4-3 鱲 4-4

178 鰕 Rinogobius candidianus Sicyopterus japonicus 鰕 鰕 鰕 Rinogobius gigas 鲃 鲃 Liza dussumieri 鮻 Chelon dussumieri Kuhlia marginata 鰺 Caranx sexfasciatus Kuhlia marginata 鯻 Mesopristes cancelltus 鰺 Aphyocypris kikuchii 鱲

179 4-7

180 4-8

181 2 13 Macrobrachium japonicum ( 4-5) (Macrobrachium asperulum)( 4-6) 2000 Caridina japonica

182 2 4 Platyerocheir formosa 4-7 Varuna litterata 4-8 Candidiopotamon ratbbunj

183 4-9

184 4-10

185 鱲

186 4-7 鲃 鱲 鰺 鰺 鰕 鰕 鰕

187 鰕 鰕 unknow sp.

188 4-8 鱲 鲃

189 Diptera Trichoptera 9 17 (21.25) Ephemeroptera % HydropsychidaeCheumatopsyche sp.hydropsyche sp.

190 襀

191 4-11

192 4-12

193 , Tarebia granifera Corbicula fluminea Stenothyra formosana

194 4-13

195 4-14

196 36 89 oligosaprobic mesosaprobic mesosaprobic

197 I DBH > m 2. (1) 1 50m 1m

198 (2) 1* % 5 1 ( )

199 (1). A. A-1 50m 25 50m *10m A-2 800m 3 800m 2.8m

200 A-3 100m 3 100m 80 20cm B. 3 B-1 1.4km 1.4km 100% B-2

201 B a. b. c. 90

202 (2)

203 () *10 32 DBH>

204 (4-10) (). 150 (4-15)

205

206 () 1. (1) (2). A. > % 54.95% B. >20% % 45.33% 41.33%40% 2. (1) (2). A. 24

207 21 1/2 5 B. > II 1. DBH > m 2.

208 1. (impoert value indexivi)(mueller-domobies & Ellenberg1974) 100% (4-11) 4-11 (IVI) 0 0 0<X< <X<1 2 1<X<2 3 2<X<4 4 4<X<8 5 8<X< <X< <X<64 8 X> ( ) ( ) ( ) m*10m DBH>1 8

209 IVI 4-12 IVI 楤

210 鈎

211 >30% (4-18) 100%

212 (4-19) (43%) <25%>10% 10%

213 4-19. () IVI 楤

214 % 16% 10% % 4-20

215 () IVI 鈎

216 6 6 3 () IVI % 6% 5%

217 % 67% 68% 4-21 (). /

218 4-16 IVI % <6% 2% 4-22 ().

219 4-17 IVI % 3% % 100m

220 4-23 () IVI

221 % 3% 3%

222 () IVI <1% 6 29% 4-25

223 () IVI

224 % 4% 2% ().

225 cm 10cm 4-21 IVI

226 4-27 (). 12+8*20/2=200m2 20cm 8cm 30% 4-22 IVI

227 Macaca cyclopis Callosciurus erythraevs Sus scrofa taivanus Muridae Sciuridae Rattus losea Mus formosanus Kuroda Muntiacus reevesi micrurus Suncus murinus

228 4-29

229 4-30

230 Lonchura punctulata Zosterops japonica Anas poecilorhyncha ( ) Caprimulgus affinis 鴴 4-12 鴴

231 鴴 Glareola maldivarum Rostratula benghalensis Alauda gulgula Pycnonotus taiwanus Lonchura malacca Prinia subflava 鴴 4-31

232

233

234 (4-39) (4-40) Naia atra Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus Bungarus multicinctus multicinctus

235 4-39

236 4-40

237 Anura 3 11 Buergeria japonicus 4-41 Polypedates megacephalus 4-42 Bufo bufo

238 4-41

239 4-42

240 (Lepidoptera) (Odonata)

241 4-43

242 4-44

243 4.4 鱲

244 ( )

245 4-15 2,

246 () () (). (). P1 P4 P1 P ().

247 4-16 ()

248 (). 2 3 Jian-Cheng Lee et al., Jyr-Ching Hu et al.,2001 (). (). ( ). ( ) Limestone Tuff Sandstone Andesite ( 4-19) 4-20

249 4-21 Gabbro pilo lava Diabase Olivine Basalt dike

250

251 5.1 SQL Server 2000 SQL Server ExcelAccessDBASE Oracle Imomix

252 ARC/VIEW 3.2

253 TWD67 TWD ( 5-2 ) ( 5-3)

254 5.3 ( (1) SQL Server (2) ASP (Active Sever Page) (3) IIS (Internet Information Sever) ASP A.

255 1) 2) ( ) 3) B. 5-4 ( ) Index.htm Login.htm search.asp Select_use.asp Add_place.asp Add.asp Join.htm Update.asp Delete.asp search_main.asp search_over.asp Add_over..asp Update_over.asp Delete_over.asp Add_Load_main.as Add_Load.asp 5-4

256 C. 1) )

257

258 3) ) (5-10) ( 5-11)

259 )

260 6) ArcSDE ArcIMS ArcIMS ArcIMS 5.5 5S*(RS GPSGISPSP SMS) (Decision-Making Support System, DSS)

261 5-14 5S ( ) (2003) Schumm(1977) (River Pollution Index, RPI) (DO) (BOD) (SS) (NH3-N) ( 2003) (Varicorhinus alticorpus) 2002 ph (IDW) ( ) ( ) * 5S RSRemote Sensing GPSGlobal Positioning System GIS Geographic Information System PSP Permanent Sampling Plot SMSSimulating Modeling System

262 PSP RS,GPS,GIS DSS SMS 5-14 ( 2003 )

263 6.1 (1) (2) (3)

264 (1) (2)

265 A B (3) A B 1. :

266

267 M M

268 R R S 6-3

269 6-3 S

270

271

272 6-5

273

274

275 2 3 ( )

276

277

278

279

280

281

282 鴴 鹭 鹭

283

284 5.

285 Angelier, J., Chu, H. T. and Lee, J. C., 1997, Shear concentration in a collision zone: kinematics of the Chigshang Fault as revealed by outcrop-scale quantification of active faulting, Longitudinal Valley, eastern Taiwan. Tectonophysics, ~143. Barrier, E., Angelier, J., Chu, H. T. and Teng, L. S., 1982, Tectonic analysis compressional structure in an active collision zone: the deformation of the Pinashan Conglomerates, eastern Taiwan. Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 25123~138. Chang, C. P., Angelier, J. and Huang, C. Y., 2000, Origin and evolution of a mélange: the active plate boundary and suture zone of the Longitudinal Valley, Taiwan. Tectonophysics, Chang, C. P., Angelier, J., Huang, C. Y. and Liu, C.S., 2001, Structure evolution and significance of a mélange in a collision belt: the Lichi Mélange and the Taiwan arc-continent collision. Geological Magazine, Chen, W. S., 1997, Mesoscopic structures developed in the Lichi mélange duiring thearc-continent collision in the Taiwan region, J. Geol. Soc. China Chow, J., Angelier, J., Hua, J. J., Lee, J. C., Sun, R., 2000, Paleoseismic event and active faulting: from ground penetrating radar and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles across the Chihshang Fault, eastern Taiwan. Tectonophysics, 3261~19. Clark, M. B. and Fisher, D. M., 1995, Strain partitioning and cradk-seal noncoaxial strain-an example from the slate belt of Taiwan, J. Struct. Geol., 17,461~474. Davis, G. H. and Reynolds, S. J., 1996, Structural Geology of rocks and regions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. second editoin, 306pp. Hsü,K. J., 1988, Melange and melange tectonics of Taiwan, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 3187~92. Hsu,T. L., 1976a, The Lichi melange in the Coastal Range framework, Bull. Geol. Sur. Taiwan, 287~96. Hsu,T. L., 1976b, Neotectonic of the Longitudinal Valley, eastern Taiwan.

286 Bull. Geol. Sur. Taiwan, 2553~62. Hu, J. C. and Yu, S. B., Angelier, J., and Chu, H. T., 2001, Active deformation of Taiwan from GPS measurements and numerical simulations. Jour. of Geophy. Res., vol. 106, No.B2, pp Jahn, B. M., 1988, dating of young mables from Taiwan, Nature, ~432. Juan, V. C., Chow, T. J. and Lo, H. J., 1972, K-Ar ages of the metamorphic rock of Taiwan, Acta Geol. Soc. China, 7405~416. Lee, J. C., Jeng, F. S., Chu, H.T., Angelier, J., and Hu, J. C., 2000, A rod-type creepmeter for measurement of displacement in active fault zone. Earth Planets Space, 52321~328. Lee, J. C., Angelier, J., Chu, H. T., Yu, S. B., and Hu, J. C., 1998, Plate-boundary strain partitioning along the sinistral collision suture of the Philippine and Eurasian plates: Analysis of geodetic data and geological observation in southeastern Taiwan, Tectonoic, vol.17, No.6859~871. Liou, J. G., Lan, C. Y. and Ernst, W. G., 1977, The East Taiwan Ophiolite: Mining Res. Serv. Organ. (Taipei) Sp. Pub., Liou, J.G., Suppe, J. and Ernst, W.G., 1977, Conglomerates and pebbly mudstones in the Lichi Melange, eastern Taiwan, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, no.28~212 Liou, J. G. and Chen, P. Y., 1978, Chemistry and origin of chloritoid rocks from eastern Taiwan. Lithos, 11175~187. Pace, G. L., 1973, The freshwater snails of Taiwan (Formosa), Malacological Review Supplement, Page, B. M. and Suppe, J., 1981, The Pliocene Lichi Melange of Taiwan: its plate-tectonic and olistromal origin, Ame. Jour. Sci., 281, 3 193~227. Stanley, R. S., Hill, L. B., Chang, H. C. and Hu, H. N., 1981, A transect through the metamorphic core of the Central Mountains, Taiwan. Mem. Geol. Soc. China, 4443~473. Teng, L. S., 1981, On the origin and tectonic significance of the Lichi Formation, Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan. Ti-Chih, Taipei, Taiwan,

287 Yamagishi T., 1992, Plankton algae in TaiwanFormosa, Uchida Rokakuho, Tokyo, 252pp. Yen, T. P., 1959, The minerals of the Tananao Schist of Taiwan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, 153~66. Yen, T. P.,1953, On the occurrence of the late Paleozoic fossils in the metamorphic complex of Taiwan ; Bulletin of the Geo- logical Survey of Taiwan, No Yen, T. P., Sheng, C. C. and Keng, W. P., 1951, The discovery of fusuline limestone in the metamorphic complex of Taiwan ; Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Taiwan, No Yu, S. B. and Lee, C., 1986, Geodetic measurement of horizontal crustal deformation in eastern Taiwan, Tectonophys, Yui, T. F. and Chu, H. T., 2000,Overturned marble layers:evidence for upward extrusion of the Backbone Range of Taiwan, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, ~361. Yui, T. F., Lu, C. Y. and Lo, C. H., 1988, A speculative tectonic histrory of the Tananao Schist of Taiwan. Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 31(2)7~

288 ( ) 2-1~ ~ ~ ~

289 NSC M ~ ~ ~ ~ G1~G ~ () ~

290 1995 2/ / ( ) () ( ) 3-14~

291 1999 () ~ ~ () ~ ~

292 ~ ~ a ~ b 71~ ( )

293 ()15~ ~ ~ ~ ~24 4

294 ( )

295 (1) (2)

296 鴴 ( )

297

298

299 ( )

300 (1) (2) (3)

301 ( ) (1) 2

302 (1) (2)

303

304

305

306 (1) (2)

307

308 ( )

309 1 2

310

311

312 12 \ (60) 1(31) 3(4-5) 1(9) (11) 3(7~9) (6) 15 1(11) 33(4~12) 13(5~8) (6~20) 26(5~12) (4~8) (3~7) 鱲 1(6) 2(4-4) 23(3-13.5) 9(3~5) 11(3~7) (4~9) 14(4~9) (3~7) 鲃 1(3) (32) 1(12) 127 1(10) 鰺 1(8) (5~10) (4~12) (5~7) 鰕 (5) (5~5) 2(6~6) (10) 1(7) 2(6-6) 15 1(3) 16 2(6~8) 鰕 24-52( ) 2(5-8) 2( ) 6(13~18) 2(15-15) 4(14~14.5) 5(6~13) 1(27) (cm)

313 34 \ (12) 4(5~12) 2(5~5) 3(6~14) 2(3~8) 3(5~11) 1(4) 2(8~8) 3(7~8) 1(5.5) 2(8~13) 6(4~12) 15(5~25) 2(12~12) 17(5~14) 1(5) 20(10~15) 1(8) 15(3~12) 31(4~8) 17(6~14) 2(5~5) 1(5) 鱲 13(5.5~10.5) 23(3~7) 20(3~11) 8(5~10) 5(4~8) 8(4~10) 8(4~10) 19(4~10) 21(4~9) 7(5~8) 1(5) 9(5.5~6.5) 8(4~6) 鲃 3(5~7) 5(4~23) 3(8~22) 5(12~17) 6(4~16) 2(3~5) 6(4~16) 2(21~35) 1(15) 2(6~7) 1(16) 1(3) 7(4~5) 21(3~8) 12(5~10) 15(6~10) 鰕 4(4~6) 6(4~6) 2(3~4) 10(4~10) 2(10~12) 7(6~9) 鰕 11(6~7) 2(5~6) 4(22~25) 6(14~18) 1(10) (cm)

314 12 \ (6~10) 3(11~13) 2(4~6) 1(7) 2(5~6) 5(10~11) 37(5~17) 36(5~15) (5~8) 1(7) 11(5~8) 1(5) 2(6~8) 2(6~10) 1(11) 4(5~7) 3(5~8) 1(3) 鱲 12(4~9) 2(5~8) 2(6~6) 69(4~9) 38(4~10) 23(4~8) 20(3~8) 14(4~7) 鲃 57~13 3(4~6) 6(6~10) 2(4~6) 1(4) 1(8) 4(6~10) 2(6~8) 2(6~11) 1(6) 鰕 1(4) 4(4~4) 1(5) 2(5~6) 2(5~6) 鰕 1(6) 1(6) 1(6) 1(11) (cm)

315 34 \ (6~6) 1(3) 2(9~10) 10(3-16) 3(5~12) 3(8~10) 20(3~8) 7(9~12) 46(6-14) 5(10~10) 1(5) 2(8~9) 鱲 8(3~7) 21(2-7) 2(5~7) 15(3-8) 1(7) 5(4~5) 6(5-7) 7(5~7) 35(3-10) 鲃 2(6~9) 8(7~18) 16(7-12) 1(16) 4(7-11) 1(10) 5(8-9) 鰕 1(3) 1(5) 2(3~3) 9(4-5) 4(4-4) 鰕 3(3-5) 5(4-5) 1(5) 2(6~7) (cm)

316 12 \ (4~4) 鱲 2(6-11) 鰕 8(4~4) 4(5-7) 4(5-7) 3(3) 3(3) (12) 2(5~7) (cm) 34 \ 鱲 4(4~8) 3(10~12) 5(4~7) 7(3~4) 1(6) 4(3~5) 鲃 2(13~18) 1(7) 1(5) 鰕 4(4~4) 4(5~6) 1(3) 1(4) 1(4) 2(4~4) 4(2~2) 3(5~15) (cm)

317 12 \ 鱲 5(4~8) 2(10~10) 鰕 1(6) 3(3~5) 3(2~4) 鰕 4(4~5) (cm) 34 \ (2) 2(2-2) 鰕 2(3~3) 鰕 1(5) (cm)

318 12 \ *6-810*4-85* * * * * *

319 34 \ * 1(6.5) 8(6~8) 17(4~9.5) 26(3~8) 20(3~6) 3(4~8) 6(5~6) 2(5~6) 4(4~5) * 3(3~8) 5(7~12) 11(6~11) 1(7) 4(10~12) * 3(7~7) 2(5~6) * 1(3) 1(4) 2(5~5) * 2(12~14) 1(8) 1(2) * 4(3~4) 12(4~8) 13(3~6) 2(4~4) 1(5) 1(4) 1(3) * 2(2~2) * (cm)

320 12 \ (3~6) 6(5~7) 4(5~9) 6(4~6) 3(5~7) 4(4~4) 3(4~6) 7(3~5) 1(8) 1(4) 13(4~8) 1(6) 12(5~8) 14(2~5) 3(4~5) (cm) 34 \ (5~6) 1(5) 1(2) 3(3-5) 3(3~4) 11(3~6) 51(3-7) 2(2-4) 1(4) (cm)

321 12 \ *4-83* (3-3) (3~4) 12.5 unknow sp * (cm)

322 34 \ (5~7) 1(7) 1(6) 5(6~6) 19(5~7) 10(6~8) 1(7) 2(8~8) 3(4~8) 1(5) 1(5) 53(2~8) 9(4~6) 7(4~6) 4(5~5) 11(4~6) 1(4) 2(4~5) 2(2~2) 2(1~2) 10(2~5) 56(2~4) 1(4) 56(2~5) 42(2~5) (cm) 12 \ (6~9) 5(4~8) 3(4~6) 13(5~8) 1(6) 8(6~8) 5(4~8) 6(3~7) 1(5) 5(3~8) 1(6) 1(4) 1(6) 1(5) (cm)

323 34 \ (5) 1(4) 8(2-8) 8(2~4) 6(2~4) 1(4) 2(4-4) 1(1.5) 1(2.5) 2( ) 1(1.5) 3( )

324 \ Neoperla sp. 1 Baetis sp Baetis pseudofrequentus 1 Pseudocloeon latum Afronurus sp Ephemera formosana Caenis sp Unknow sp. 1 Cheumatopsyche sp Hydropsyche sp Chimarra sp. 14 Rhyacophila sp. 1 Unknow sp. 1 Eubrianax sp. 1 Ordobrevia sp Unknow sp.a 1 Unknow sp.b 1 Parachauliodes continentalis 1

325 Tipula sp. 1 2 Hexatoma sp, 2 Unknow sp.a 1 Unknow sp.b 1 Unknow sp.c 1 Unknow sp. A 1 7 Unknow sp. F Unknow sp. J 1 Unknow sp. 1 1 Atherix sp. 1 Simullium sp. 2 Unknow sp

326 34 \ Baetis sp Pseudocloeon latum Afronurus sp Ephemera formosana 1 Caenis sp Torleya lutosa Choroterpes trifurcatus Unknow sp. Onychogomphus formosanus Unknow sp. 1 Euphaea formosa 1 1 Cheumatopsyche sp Hydropsyche sp Chimarra sp.a Eoophyla sp Ordobrevia sp Tipula sp. 2 Hexatoma sp

327 Limnophila sp. 1 Chironomus sp.a Bezzia sp.a Bezzia sp.b 1 Unknow sp. A Unknow sp. B 1 Unknow sp. C Unknow sp. D 1 2 Unknow sp. E Unknow sp. F 1 9 Unknow sp. G 1 1 Unknow pupa() Atherix sp. Simullium sp. 7 Tubifex sp. 1 1 Unknow sp. 1 Unknow sp

328 12 \ Neoperla sp Oyamia sp Protonemura sp. 4 Cryptoperla sp Baetis sp Baetis pseudofrequentus 1 Baetiella bispinosa Pseudocloeon latum Afronurus sp Epeorus erratus 20 Ephemera formosana Caenis sp Torleya lutosa Torleya glareosa

329 Unknow sp Onychogomphus formosanus Euphaea formosa Cheumatopsyche sp Hydropsyche sp Stenopsyche marmorata 5 2 Chimarra sp.a Chimarra sp.b 1 Rhyacophila sp.a Rhyacophila sp.b Rhyacophila sp.c 2 Oecetis sp. 1 Goerodes sp. 3 Dinarthrum sp. 11 Gumaga sp. 1 Unknow sp. 1 1 Economus sp. 1 Hydroptila sp. 1 3 Eoophyla sp. 1 1 Eubrianax sp. 2 Ordobrevia sp

330 Stenelmis sp. 1 Parachauliodes continentalis 1 Protohermes grandis Hexatoma sp, Limnbia sp. 1 Limnophila sp Unknow sp. 1 1 Chironomus sp.a Chironomus sp.b 2 Bezzia sp.a Unknow sp. A Unknow sp. B 1 Unknow sp. C Unknow sp. D 1 1 Unknow sp. E 1 Unknow sp. F 1 Unknow sp. G 1 Unknow sp. H 1 2 Unknow sp. I 1 1 Unknow sp. J 1 1 Unknow pupa()

331 Atherix sp Simullium sp Pericoma sp. 7 Unknow sp. 1 Planariidae ( ) Dugesia japonica

332 34 \ Neoperla sp. 7 1 Oyamia sp. 7 Protonemura sp Baetis spp Baetiella bispinosa Pseudocloeon latum Afronurus sp Rithrogena parva 4 1 Ephemera formosana 1 1 Caenis sp Torleya lutosa 1 Cincticostella fusca 1 Onychogomphus formosanus Euphaea formosa Cheumatopsyche sp Hydropsyche sp Potamyia sp. 1 Stenopsyche marmorata

333 Chimarra sp.a 4 3 Rhyacophila sp.a 1 Plectrocnemia sp. 1 Ordobrevia sp. 1 2 Stenelmis sp Unknow sp. 1 Parachauliodes continentalis Protohermes grandis Hexatoma sp, Tipula sp. 1 Unknow sp. 1 1 Unknow sp. A 8 Unknow sp. C 1 Unknow sp. E 2 Atherix sp. 5 Simullium sp Unknow sp. 1 Unknow sp. 1 Planariidae Dugesia japonica 1 ( )

334 12 \

335 34 \ Unknow sp

336 12 \

337 34 \ Unknow sp

338 12 / Merismopedia sp Cyclotella sp Melosira sp Fragilaria sp Synedra sp Tabellaria sp Diatoma sp Naricula sp Gomphonema sp Cymbella sp Achnanthes sp Cocconeis sp Eunotia sp Nitzschia sp Pediastrum sp. 500 Scenedesmus sp Crucigenia sp Chlorella sp Cosmarium sp. 500 Trachelomonas sp cell/l

339 34 / Oscillatoria sp Microcytis sp Chroococcus sp Cyclotella sp Fragilaria sp Synedra sp Diatoma sp Naricula sp Pinnularia sp Gyrosigma sp. 500 Gomphonema sp Cymbella sp Amphora sp. Achnanthes sp Cocconeis sp Diploneis sp Eunotia sp Nitzschia sp Cymatopleura sp.

340 Surirella sp Chamydomonas sp Chlorococcum sp. 500 Monoraphidium sp Pediastrum sp Scenedesmus sp Crucigenia sp Tetrastrum sp Didymocystis sp Chlorella sp Cosmarium sp Staurastrum sp. 500 Gloeotila sp Gloeotilopsis sp Trachelomonas sp Strombomonas sp Lepocinclis sp cell/l

341 12 \ Oscillatoria sp Aphanocapsa sp Mcrocytis Kutz Chroococcus sp Synechocystis sp Mallomonas sp. 250 Peridinium sp. 500 Gymnodinium sp. Cyclotella sp Stephanodiscus sp Melosira sp Fragilaria sp Synedra sp Tabellaria sp Diatoma sp Naricula sp Pinnularia sp Frustulia sp Stauronesis sp Gomphonema sp Cymbella sp Amphora sp Achnanthes sp Cocconeis sp Diploneis sp.

342 Eunotia sp Nitzschia sp Hantzschia sp Surirella sp Chamydomonas sp Monoraphidium sp Closteriopsis sp Scenedesmus sp Crucigenia sp Tetrastrum sp Chlorella sp Cosmarium sp Gloeotila 500 Trachelomonas sp Euglena sp Strombomonas sp Lepocinclis sp. 500 Phacus sp cell/l

343 34 \ Oscillatoria sp Anabaena sp Aphanocapsa sp Gloeothece sp. Microcytis Kutz Chroococcus sp. Cyclotella sp Melosira sp. Fragilaria sp Synedra sp Tabellaria sp. Diatoma sp Naricula sp Pinnularia sp Gomphonema sp. 500 Cymbella sp Amphora sp. Achnanthes sp

344 Cocconeis sp Diploneis sp. Eunotia sp Nitzschia sp Ankistrodesmus sp. 500 Pediastrum sp Scenedesmus sp Crucigenia sp Tetrastrum sp. Didymocystis sp Chodatella sp Trachelomonas sp Euglena sp cell/l

345 12 \ Oscillatoria sp. Mcrocytis Kutz Chroococcus sp. Cyclotella sp. Melosira sp. Fragilaria sp. Synedra sp Tabellaria sp. Diatoma sp. Naricula sp. Gyrosigma Hass Gomphonema sp. Cymbella sp. Amphora sp. Achnanthes sp. Cocconeis sp. Eunotia sp. Nitzschia sp. Surirella sp. Trachelomonas sp

346 34 \ Oscillatoria sp. Nostoc sp. Phormidium sp. lyngbya sp. Cyclotella sp. Melosira sp. Fragilaria sp. Synedra sp Diatoma sp. Naricula sp. Pinnularia sp. Gyrosigma sp. Gomphonema sp. Cymbella sp. Amphora sp. Achnanthes sp. Nitzschia sp. Surirella sp. Chamydomonas sp. Cosmarium sp. Stigeoclonium sp.

347 Cladophora sp. Trachelomonas sp. Strombomonas sp. Lepocinclis sp. Euglena sp. Paramecium sp. Monostyla sp \ Oscillatoria sp. Nostoc sp. Stigonema sp. Cyclotella sp. Fragilaria sp. Synedra sp Diatoma sp. Naricula sp. Gyrosigma sp.

348 Gomphonema sp. Cymbella sp. Amphora sp. Achnanthes sp. Nitzschia sp. Surirella sp. Chamydomonas sp. Coelastrum sp. Spirogyra sp. Stigeoclonium sp. Chaetophora sp. Microspora sp. Cladophora sp. Trachelomonas sp. Euglena sp. Paramecium sp. Balladyna sp. Proales sp. Monostyla sp. Trachelomonas sp

349 34 \ Microcytis sp. Cyclotella sp. Fragilaria sp. Synedra sp Tabellaria sp. Diatoma sp. Naricula sp. Pinnularia sp. Gomphonema sp. Cymbella sp. Amphora sp. Achnanthes sp. Cocconeis sp. Nitzschia sp. Euglena sp

350 V - V - V V V + V V +++ V ++ V V V + V + V - V V V + V V + V V V V ++ V V V - V V V - V V V + V V - V V V + V V ++ V V V + V V V ++ V V V + 茡 V - V V V - V V V - V V V + V V V ++ V V V ++ V V V V V V ++ V V V ++ V V

351 : V + V V V + V V V +++ V V V + V - V V ++ V V V - V + V V ++ V ++ V V ( ) V + V V + V V V + V V ++ V V V +++ V ++ V V 600M 100M

352 V + V V V V ++ V V V + V V ++ V V V + V V V - V V V + V V V + V V V + V + V V V - V V V V + V V V - V V + V - V V V + V ++ V V +++ V V V ++ V V ++ V V V +++ V V V + V + V V

353 V + V + V V V - V - V ++ V - V V +++ V + V V - V V V + V - V +++ V V ++ V V V + V ++ V V V +++ V ++ V V V - V V V - V V V + V V V V + + V + V V + V +++ V V ++ V - V + V V + V V V ++ V V + V V +++ V + V V + V V - V V V ++ V V + V + V V V + V + + V V + V V ++ V V + V V V + V V + V V V - V V V ++ V V V V V V + V - V V V + V V

354 V + V V V + V - V + V V V + V + V ++ V V V + V V V - V + V V V V + V V + V V V ++ V V V - V V V + V V V + V V ++ V V - V V V + V V V - V V V - V ++ V V + V V V +++ V V +++ V V V + V V V + V + V V V + V V - V + V V V - V V V - V V V - V V V ++ V V V +++ V V V ++ V V +++ V V

355 V ++ V V V +++ V + V V V + V V V + V +++ V + V V V ++ V + V V V - V V V ++ V V V - V V V + V V V + V + V V V V ++ V V V V ++ V V + V V V + V V V + V V V - V V + V V V V ++ V V V + V V V +++ V V V V + V V V V ++ V V M

356 V + V V V V - V - V + V V V + V V ++ V V ++ V V V + V V V +++ V V V V ++ V V ++ V V ++ V - V V V - V V V + V + V V V + V V V - V V + V V V V V + V V V +++ V V + V V V - V V V + V V V V ++ V V V +++ V V + V V V + V V V ++ V + V V + V V V - V V V - V V V + V V V +++ V V V ++ V V +++ V V

357 v v V V v v v v v v V V V V V V v V v v V v V v V V v V V v V v V V V V V v V V V v v v v v v V V V V V v V V V V v V V V V V V V V V V v V V V V v V V V v V V V V v v V V V V V V V V v V V V V

358 \ # 2# * 1* # *

359 34 \ 4.25/ / / / / / / / / / / / / /11

360 12 \ * 1* 1* 1* 1** * 1** 1** 1** 1** 1* 1* 1* 1# 1^ 1@ 1^ 1^ 1! 1@ *

361 34 \ * * 1* 1** 1* 1* ** 1# * **#

362 \ ***** ( ) ( 1 )

363 ( ) 2 1 鴴 鴴 8 鴴 (3 鴴 ***** ) (2 ) 40 18(1 1 ) 57(1 ) (>25 ) (3 ) ** 11(3 ) 8(2 ) (>180 ) 150

364 16(2#) (1 6 ) # 鵐 * ; ** ; *** ; # ; $

365 2002. \ $ $ * 1$

366 鴴 鴴 2 鴴 1 20 鴴

367 # *** #

368 鵐 *** **+1*** *** * ; ** ; *** ; # ; $

369 \ ** ** 鴴 鴴

370 *** 30*** *** 6*** *** 11* * 8 4** # ***

371 *** 2 2*** ** ** *** #** * ; ** ; *** ; # ; $

372 \

373 鴴 5 鴴

374 鵐 * ; ** ; *** ; # ; $

375 12 \

376 34 \ 4.25/ / / / / / / / / / / / / /11

377 12 \ * 3 2 1* 1** 1** 1@ 1* 1* 1* 1* 1 1@ 1 1@ 1* 1@ 1* 1 1* 1 1* 1** 1@ 1@ 1* 1* 1@ 1@ 1** 1* 1* 1** 1* 1@ 1@ 1@ 1* 1* 1 6 1** 1** 1 1** 2 1* 1** 1* 1 1** 1* 2 1** 1** 1** 1 1** *

378 34 \ ** 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1** 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1** 1** 1* 1* *

379 \ \

380 12 \ (70 ) (100 ) (2000 ) (1600 )

381 34 \

382 12 \

383 34 \

384 12 \

385 挵

386

387 34 \

388 挵

389

390 ( )

391 GIS / F0002 Anguilla japonica F0003 Anguilla marmorata F0022 Acrossocheilus paradoxu F0025 Scaphesthes alticorpus F0024 Scaphesthes barbatulus F0043 Cadidia barbata I F0041 鱲 Zacco pachycephalus F0020 鲃 Spinibarbus hollandi F0018 Carassius auratus F0028 Tanakia himategus F0165 鯻 Mesopristes cancelltus F0087 Kuhlia marginata I

392 F0116 鰺 鰺 Caranx sexfasciatus F0072 鰕 Sicyopterus japonicus F0062 Eleotris fusca F0070 Awaous melanocephalus n.a. 鰕 Rinogobius sp. F0076 鰕 Rinogobius candidianus F0128 鰕 Rinogobius gigas F0166 鰕 Rinogobius delicatus F0085 Liza dussumieri F0139 鮻 Chelon dussumieri F0048 Parasilurus asotus F0009 Hemimyzon taitungensis I 9 24 I II III

393 GIS / S0015 Palaemon concinnus S0005 Macrobrachium japonicum S0004 Macrobrachium formosense S0010 Macrobrachium mammillidactylus S0009 Macrobrachium nipponense / S0007 Macrobrachium lar S0002 Macrobrachium australe S0001 Macrobrachium asperulum S0008 Macrobrachium latidactylus S0003 Macrobrachium esculentum S0014 Macrobrachium horstii S0011 Macrobrachium equidens S0013 Neocaridina denticulata 2 13

394 GIS / / C0002 Grapsidae Varuna litterata C0003 Unknown sp. C0005 Platyerocheir formosa C0004 Candidiopotamon ratbbunj Sinopotamidae 2 4

395 ( ) GIS Aq0029 Aq0055 Aq0056 Aq0057 Aq0013 Aq0058 Aq0015 Aq0016 Aq0030 Aq0059 Aq0080 Aq0032 Aq0017 Aq0060 Aq0061 Aq0081 Aq0062 Aq0034 Aq0063 Aq0064 Aq0010 Aq0004 Aq0001 Aq0082 Aq0065 Aq0005 Aq0005 Aq0007 Aq0007 Aq0007 Aq0066 Aq0067 Aq0068 Aq0069 Aq0070 Aq0071 Aq0083 襀 Plecoptera Ephemeroptera Odonata Trichoptera Perlidae Nemouridae Peltoperlidae Baetidae Heptageniidae Ephemeridae Caenidae Epemerellidae Leptophlebiidae Libellulidae Gomphidae Cordullidae Euphaeidae Hydropsychidae Stenopsychidae Philopotamidae Rhyacophilidae Leptoceridae Lepidostomatidae Sericostomatidae Polycentropodidae Neoperla sp. Oyamia sp. Protonemura sp. Cryptoperla sp. Baetis sp. Baetiella bispinosa Baetis pseudofrequentus Pseudocloeon latum Afronurus sp. Epeorus erratus Rhithrogena parva Ephemera formosana Caenis sp. Torleya lutosa Torleya glareosa Cincticostella fusca Choroterpes trifurcatus Unknow sp. Onychogomphus formosanus Unknow sp. Euphaea formosa Cheumatopsyche sp. Hydropsyche sp. Potamyia sp. Stenopsyche marmorata Chimarra sp.a Chimarra sp.b Rhyacophila sp.a Rhyacophila sp.b Rhyacophila sp.c Oecetis sp. Goerodes sp. Dinarthrum sp. Gumaga sp. Unknow sp. Economus sp. Plectrocnemia sp.

396 Aq0072 Aq0043 Aq0039 Aq0041 Aq0073 Aq0044 Aq0074 Aq0028 Aq0047 Aq0084 n.a. Aq0050 Aq0018 Aq0018 Aq0075 Aq0075 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Aq0045 Aq0048 Aq0076 Aq0077 Aq0052 Aq0078 Aq0079 Lepidoptera Coleoptera Megaloptera Diptera Oligochaeta plesinpora Gnathobdellida Rhynchobdellida Tricladida ( )4 4 Hydroptilidae Nymphulinae Psephenidae Elmidae Corydalidae Tipulidae Chironomidae Athericidae Simullidae Psychodidae Tubificidae Hirudinidae Glossiophonidae Planariidae ( ) Hydroptila sp. Unknow sp. Eubrianax sp. Ordobrevia sp. Stenelmis sp. Parachauliodes continentalis Protohermes grandis Tipula sp. Hexatoma sp. Limnobia sp. Limnophila sp. Unknow sp. Chironomus sp.a Chironomus sp.b Bezzia sp.a Bezzia sp.b Unknow sp. B Unknow sp. C Unknow sp. D Unknow sp. E Unknow sp. F Unknow sp. G Unknow sp. H Unknow sp. I Unknow sp. J Unknow pupa() Atherix sp. Simullium sp. Pericoma sp. Tubifex sp. Unknow sp. Unknow sp. Dugesia japonica

397 GIS Mu0001 Mu0009 Mu0010 Mu0002 Corbiculidae Corbicula fluminea Bithyniidae Bithynia fuchsiana Stenothyridae Stenothyra formosana Thiaridae Thiara plicaria Mu0003 Tarebia granifera Mu0008 Ampullariidae Ampullarius canaliculatus Mu0004 Lymnaeidae Radix auricularia swinhoei Mu0005 Austropeplea ollula Mu0007 Physidae Physa acuta Mu0011 Planorbidae 8 10 Hippeutis umbilicalis umbilicalis

398 GIS A10011 Hormogonales Osicillatoriaceae Oscillatoria sp. Al0050 Schizothrix sp. Al0051 Nostocaceae Nostoc sp. Al0052 Phormidium sp. Al0053 Stigonema sp. Al0054 lyngbya sp. Al0126 Anabaena sp. Al0055 Chroococcales Chroococcaceae Aphanocapsa sp. Al0056 Gloeothece sp. A10009 Microcytis sp. A10008 Chroococcus sp. Al0057 Anacystis sp. A10010 Merismopedia sp. Al0058 Synechocystis sp. Al0059 Pleurocapsales Pleurocapsaceae Myxosarcina sp. Al0060 Pleurocapsa sp. Al0061 Chrysomonadales Ochromonadaceae Dinobryon sp. Al0062 Mallomonadaceae Chrysococcus sp. Al0063 Mallomonas sp. Al0064 Peridiniales Peridiniaceae Peridinium sp. Al0065 Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Gymnodinium sp. Al0035 Coscinodiscales Coscinodiscaceae Cyclotella sp. Al0066 Stephanodiscus sp. A10036 Melosira sp. A10030 Araphidiales Fragilariaceae Fragilaria sp. A10031 Synedra sp A10032 Tabellaria sp. A10029 Diatoma sp. A10028 Biraphidinales Naviculaceae Naricula sp. A10107 Pinnularia sp. Al0027 Gyrosigma sp. Al0067 Frustulia sp. Al0068 Stauronesis sp.

399 Al0069 Diploneis sp. Al0033 Gomphonemaceae Al0038 Cymbellaceae Gomphonema sp. Cymbella sp. A10037 Amphora sp. A10024 Monoraphidinales Achnanthaceae Achnanthes sp. A10025 Cocconeis sp. A10034 Raphidionales A10022 Aulonoraphidinales Eunotiaceae Nitzschiaceae Eunotia sp. Nitzschia sp. Al0070 Hantzschia sp. Al0071 Cymatopleura sp. A10023 Surirella sp. Al0072 Volvocales Chlamydomonadaceae Chamydomonas sp. Al0073 Volvocaceae Gonium sp. Al0074 Chlorococcales Chlorococaceae Chlorococcum sp. Al0075 Schroederia sp. Al0076 Oocystaceae Oocystis sp. Al0077 Nephrocytium sp. Al0078 Ankistrodesmus sp. Al0079 Quadrigula sp. Al0080 Monoraphidium sp. Al0081 Closteriopsis sp. Al0082 Botryococcaceae Al0014 Hydrodictyaceae A10017 Scenedsmaceae Botryococcus sp. Pediastrum sp. Scenedesmus sp. A10015 Crucigenia sp. Al0083 Tetrastrum sp. Al0084 Didymocystis sp. Al0085 Hofmania sp. Al0086 Pectodictyon sp. Al0087 Dictyosphaeriaceae A10013 Chlorellaceae Dictyosphaerium sp. Chlorella sp. Al0088 Kirchnecriella sp. Al0127 Chodatella sp. Al0089 Coelastraceae Coelastrum sp. Al0090 Tetrasporales Radiococcaceae Coenochloris sp. Al0091 Palmellaceae Sphaerocystis sp. Al0092 Asterococcus sp.

400 Al0093 Palmellacoccus sp. Al0094 Zynemataceae Mougeotia sp. Al0095 Spirogyra sp. Al0020 Desmidiales Desmidiaceae Closterium sp. Al0096 Penium sp. Al0018 Cosmarium sp. Al0020 Closterium sp. Al0097 Ulotrichales Chaetophoraceae Stigeoclonium sp. Al0098 Chaetophora sp. Al0099 Ulotrichaceaei Al0100 Microsporaceae Gloeotila sp. Microspora sp. Al0019 Cladophorales Al0101 Zygnematales Al0012 Euglenales Cladophoraceae Zygnemataceae Euglenaceae Cladophora sp. Zygnema sp. Trachelomonas sp. Al0102 Strombomonas sp. Al0103 Lepocinclis sp. Al0104 Phacus sp. Al0105 Trinema sp. Al0106 Euglena sp. Al0107 Trichostomatida Parameciidae Paramecium sp. Al0108 Hypotrichida Balladyna sp. Al0109 Ploimada Proalidae Proales sp. Al0110 Lecanidae Monostyla sp

401 GIS SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. : T-S- V-H- +-@- *-$- H.+ H Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring H EQUI SE TACEAE Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. Subap. debile (Roxb.) Hauke SC HIZAEACEAE Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. H.+ BLEC HNACEAE Woodwardia orientalis Sw. H.+ POLYPODIACEAE Colysis elliptica (Thunb.) Ching H Lemmaphyllum microphyllum Presl H.+ H Polypodium formosanum Bak. Psudodrynaria coronans (Mett.) Ching Pyrrosia adnascens (Sw.) Ching H.+ H.+ H Pyrrosia linga (Thunb.) Farw. H.+ Pyrrosia polydactyla (Hance) Ching DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) Presl LINDSAEACEAE Sphenomeris chusana (L.) Copel. H DAVALLIACEAE Davallia mariesii Moore ex Bak. H PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes mysurensis Wall. H Onychium japonicum (Thunb.) Kunze H * Pteris dispar Kunze H Pteris ensiformis Burm Pteris semipinnata L Pteris vittata L. H ADIANTACEAE H.+ H.+ H.+ H.+ H.+ * Adiantum capillus-veneris L. H.+

402 OLEANDRACEAF Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott DRYOP TERIDACEAE Arachniodes aristata (Forst.) Tindle H Aracgniodes rhombaides (Wall.) Ching H THELYPTERIDACEAE Christella acuminata (Houtt.) Le'v. H Christella dentata (Forsk.) Brownsey & Jermy H Christella parasitica (L.) Le'v. H Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching A T HYRIACEAE Anisogonium esculentum (Retz.) Presl Athyriopsis japonica (Thunb.) Ching A SPLENIACEAE Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr Asplenium nidus L. H PINACEAE Pinus taiwanensis Hayata T SALICACEAE Salix warburgii O.Seem. T FAGACEAE ( ) Cyclobalanopsis glauca(thunb.) Oerst. Cyclobalanopsis longinux (Hayata) Schott Quercus variabilis Bl. T ULMACEAE Aphananthe aspera Planch. T Celtis sinensis Personn T Trema orientalis (L.) Blume T.+ H.+ H.+ H.+ H.+ H.+ H.+ T.+ T ( ) Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino T MORACEAE Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. T.* Artocarpus lanceolata Trec. T.* Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Herit. ex Vent. Cadrania cochinchinensis (Lour.) ( ) Kudo & Masamune var. gerontuged (Sieb. & Zuce.) Kudo & Masamune Ficrs erecta Thunb.var.beecheyana (Hook.& Arn.) King Ficus caulocarpa (Miq.) Miq. T.+ T.* S.+ T Ficus formosana Maxim. S Ficus irisana Elmer T Ficus microcarpa L.f. T.+

403 Ficus septica Burm.f. T Ficus vaccinioides Wall. ex Benth. T Ficrs wightiana Wall. T Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. H.* ( ) Malaisia scandens (Lour.)Planch. V Morus australis Poir. S URTICACEAE Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & Arn. S Boehmeria frutescens Thunb. H Boehmeria wattersii (Hance) Shih & Yang Debregeasia edulis ( Sieb.& Zucc.)Wedd Elatostema lineolatum Wight var. majus Wedd Elatostema sessile Forst. var. cuspidatum Wedd Gonstegia hirta (Blume) Miq. H Laportea pterostigma Wedd. T.+ Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masamune Pilea microphylla (L.) Leibm Pouzolzia elegans Wedd. var. formosana Li Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. H.+ n.a SAN TALACEAE Champercia manillana (Blume) ( ) Merr POLYGONACEAE Polygonum chinense L. H Polygonum dichotomum Blume H.+ S.+ S.+ H.+ H.+ S.+ H.+ S.+ S Polygonum longisetum De Bruyn H Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. * Var.hypoleucum(Ohwi)Lin T.* Polygonum perfoliatum L. H Rumex crispus L. H NYCTAGINACEAE Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. ( ) ( ) Pisonid aculeata L. V PORTULACEAE V.* Portulaca oleracea L. H.* Talinun triangulare Willd. H.* BASELLACEAE Basella alba L. H.* CHENOPOPIACEAE Chenopodium album L. H ( ) Chenopodium ambrosioides L. H.+

404 CARYOP HYLLACEAE Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. subsp. diandta (Blume) I. Duke ex Hatusima Stellaria aquctica (L.) Scop. H AMARAN T HACEAE Achyranthes aspera L. var. rubro-fusca Hook. f Achyranthes bidentata Blume H Alternonthera nodiflora R. Br. H * Amaranthus spinosus L. H Amaranthus viridis L. H.+ n.a Amaranthus spmosus L. H.+ H.+ H Celosia argentea L. H.+ Deeringid polaysperma (Roxb.) Moq ANNONACEAE H.+ * Annona squamosa L. T.* Cinnamomum camphora LAURACEAE (L.)Nees.& Eberm. Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira Litsea acuminata (Blume) Kurata T.+ T.* T Litsea krukovii Kosterm. T Persea japonica Sieb.ex Sieb.& Zucc Persea thrmbergii (Sieb. & Zucc.) RANUNCULACEAE Kostermans T.+ T.+ Clematis chinensis Osbeck V Clematis gouriana Roxb. V LARDIZABALACEAE MENI SPERMACEAE Clematis meyeniana Walp. ( ) Stauntonia hexaphylla Thunb.) ( ) Dence. V.+ V.+ ( ) Cocculus trilobus(thunb.)dc. V Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers V PIPERACEAE Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi V Piper betle L. V.* C HLORAN T HACEAE Chloranthus oldhami Solms. ( ) H.+ ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia shimadai Hayata V.+ ACTINIDIACEAE Saurauia oldhamii Hemsl. T CRUCIFERAE Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. H HAMAMELIDACEAE Liquidambar formosana Hance T.*

405 CRA S SULACEAE Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz Kalamchoe spathulata (Poir.) DC. H SAXIFRAGACEAE H.+ Deutzia pulchra Vidal S Hydrangea chinensis Maxim S ROSACEAE Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke H.+ Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman var. ardisiifolia (Hayata) Ohashi Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder Rubus alnifoliolatus L'ev. T.+ S.+$ S Rubus swinhoei Hance S LEGUMINOSAE Acacia confusa Merr. T Albizzia falcata Bacher ex Merill T.* Bauhinia championii Benth V.* Christia obcordata (Poir.) Bakh.f. ex Van Meeuwen Derris laxiflora Benth. V * Desmodium triflorum (L.)DC. H Derris trifoliata Lour. V.+ H Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC Desmodium sequax Wall. S.+ S Dolichos trilobus L. S.+ Erythrina varigeata L. var orientalis (L.) Merr. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Millettia reticulata Benth. V Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. V Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. V.+ Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth * Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont d. Cours.)G. Don Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. S Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. S.* Vigna narina (Burm.) Merr. S OXALIDACEAE Oxalis corniculata L. H.* EUPHORBIACEAE ( ) Bischofia javanica Blume T.+ T.+ T.* V.+ H.+

406 Breynia formosana (Hayata) Hayata Breynia officinalis Hemsl. S Bridelia tomentosa Blume T Croton cascarilloides Raeuschel. ( ) Euphorbia hirta L. H.+ Glochidion philippicum (Cav.) C.B.Rob Glochidion rubrum Blume Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) Muell.-Arg Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg Manihot esculenta Crantz. S.* Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw.) Reich.f. & Zoll ( ) Phyllanthus multiflorus Willd. S Ricinus communis L. H.* Sapium sebiferum (L) Roxb. T.+ Securinega virosa (Roxb.) Pax & Hoffm * Phyllanthus urinaria L RUTACEAE Citrus grandis Osbeck T.* Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. T Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. S.+ Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc ( ) Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. V MELLACEAE * Aglaia odorata Lour. T ( ) Melia azedarach L. T MALPIG HIACEAE Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz V.+ Coriaria japonica A. Gray subsp CORIARIACEAE intermedia (Matsum.) Huang & T.+ Huang ANACARDIACFAE Rhus semialata Murr. var. ( ) roxburghinana DC. T ( ) Rhus succedaned L. T ACERACEAE Acer albopurpurascens Hayata T SAPINDACEAE S.+ S.+ T.+ T.+ T.+ T.+ T.+ V.+ T.+ S.+ T.+ Cardiospermum halicacabum L. H.+

407 Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq S ( ) Euphoria longana Lam. T.* Koelreuteria henryi Dummer T.+ ( ) Pornetia pinnata Forest. T.* Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn. T.+ AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arn.) Champ S.+ ( ) Maytenus diversifolia (Maxim.) CELASTRACEAE S.+ Ding Hou STAP HYLEACEAE Turpinia ternata Nakai T RHAMNACEAE Rhamnus formosana Matsum. S.+ ( ) Ventilago elegans Hsmsl. V VI TACEAE Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv Cayrata japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. H Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb.& Zucc.) Planch Tetrastigma formosanum (Hemsl.) Gagnep Tetrastigma umbellatum (homsl.) Nakai ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir TILIACEAE Triumfetta bartramia L. H MALVACEAE Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet H Hibiscus mutabilis L. T.+ V.+ V.+ H.+ H.+ T Hibiscus taiwanensis Hu T Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Sida cordifolia L Sida rhombifolia L. H ( ) Urena lobata L. H ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus formosama Nakai V.+ H.+ H Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. V Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim T FLACOUR TIACEAE ( Scolopia oldhamii Hance ) Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. S.+$ STACHYURACEAE PASSIFLORACEAE ( himalaicus Hook. f. & Stachyurus Thomson ex Benth. Passiflora edulis Sims. T.+ S.+ V.*

408 ) Passiflora foetida L. H.* Passiflora suberosa L CARICACEAE Carica papaya L. T.* CUCURBIRACEAE ( ) Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey H Melothria maderaspatana (L.) ( ) Cogn. H Momordica charantia L. H.* LYTHRACEAE cartagenesis (Jacq.) Cuphea Macbrids Lagerstroemia amabilis Makino T.* Lagerstroemia speciosa (Linn.) Pers ( ) Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne T MYR TACEAE Eugenia javanica Lam. T.* ( Psidium guajava L. T.* ) MELASTOMA TACEAE Melastoma candidum D. Don S.+ COMBRE TACEAE Terminalia catappa L. T.* ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven H.* H.@ T.* H ARALIACEAE Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr. V ( ) Aralia decaisneana Hance T Schefflera arboricola Hayata V Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms T.+ ( ) Tetrapanax papyriferus (Hook.) K S.+ Koch UMBELLIFERAE * Centella asiatica (L.) Urban H Hydrocotyle formosana Masamune H Hydrocotyle mepalensis Hook. H Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. H NYR SINACEAE ( ) Ardisia crenata Sims Ardisia cornudentata Mez S Ardisia sieboldii Miq. T Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi S Maesa tenera Mez S.+ Diospyros eriantha Champ. ex EBENACEAE Benth. S.+ T.+

409 STYRACACEAE Styrax suberifolia Hook. & Arn. ( ) T ( Styrax formosana Matsum. ) T OLEACEAE Fraxinus formosana Hayata ( ) T Fraxinus insularis Hemsl. T Jasminum hemsleyi Yamamoto V.+ ( LOGANIACEAE Buddeia asiatica Lour. S.+ ) APOCYNACEAE Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don H.* Ecdysanthera rosea Hook. & Arn. V Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook.f. V Trachelospermum jasminoides ( ) (Lindl.) Lemaire V ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepins curassavica L. H.* Cryptolepis sinensis (Lour.) Merr. H.+ Cynanchum formosanum (Maxim.) * Hemsl.ex Forbes & Hemsl * Dischidia formosana Maxim. H Hoya carnosa (L. f.) R. Br. H Tylophora ovata (Lindl.) Hook. ex Steud RUBIACEAE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis S * Ixorra chinensis Lam. S.* H.+ H Mussaenda parviflora Matsum. H ( ) Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. H Psychotria serpens L. H.+ Randia sinensis (Lour.) Roem. & Schult Tarenna gracilipes (Hayata) Ohwi Tricalysia dubia (Lindl.) Ohwi S Uncaria rhynchophylla Miq. V CONVOLVULACEAE Dichondra micrantha Urban Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult Ipomoea aguatica Forsk. H.* Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lan. H.* Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet H Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl. H.+ S.+ S.+ H.+ H.+

410 BORAGINACEAE Cordia dichotoma Forst. f. T.* Ehretia dicksonii Hance T * Trichodesma khasianum Clarke VERBENACEAE Callicarpa formosana Rolfe ( ) Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz. T.+ T Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. T Lantana camara L. S.* Stachytarphera jamaicensis (L.) ( ) Vahl Verbena officinalis L. H.* Leonurus sibiricus L. forma LABIA TAE albiflora (Miq.) Hsieh Leucas mollissima Wall. var. chinensis Benth SOLANACEAE * Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl.)D. Don S.* Capsicum annuum L. var. fasciculatum Irish Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. H.* Solanum americanum Miller H.@ Solanum capsicastrum Link S.* Solanum nigrum L. H.* Solanum verbascifolium L. S SCROP HULARACEAE Mazus faurei Bonati ( ) Paulownia taiwaniana Hu & Cheng Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosana Yamazaki H ACAN T HACEAE Lepidagathis formosensis Clarke ex Hayata H GESNERIACEAE Boea swinhoii Hance H OROBANC HACEAE Aeginetia indica L. H PLAN TAGINACEAE Plantago asiatica L. H CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus formosana Nakai. H COMPO SI TAE Ageratum conyzoides L. H.* H.* H.+ H.+ H.* H.+ T.* Ageratum houstonianum Mill. H.* Artemisia capillaris Thunb. H Aster taiwanensis Kitamura H Bidens pilosa L. H.*

411 Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. var. microcephala Kitamura Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce H Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob ( ) Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC Eclipta prostrata L. H Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. H Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. H Erigeron canadensis L. H.* Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. H Gnaphalium affine D.Don H Gnaphalium purpureum L. H Lactuca sororia Miq. H.+ Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) ( ) Kuntze Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob. H.+ H.* H.+ H.@ H.* H.+ n.a Mikania micrantha (H. B. K.) H.@ Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don S.@ Siegesbeckia orientalis L. H Sonchus arvensis L. H Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaert. H Tithonia diversifolia A.Gray H Tridax procumbens L. H Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. H Wedelia biflora (L.) DC. H Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. H Youngia japonica (L.) BC. H Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) LILIACEAE Merr Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. ex ( ) Redoute Liriope spicata Lour. H Ophiopogon formosanum Ohwi AGAVACEAE H.+ H.+ H.+ * Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Goeppp. H.* * Sansevieria trifaciata Prain H.*

412 SMILACACEAE Heterosmilax indica A.DC. V Smilax china L. V Smilax bracteata Presl V COMMELINACEAE Commelina auriculata Blume H Commelina communis L. H Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz Zebrina pendula Schnizl FLAGELLARIACEAE ( ) Flagellaria indica L CYPERACEAE Carex bcceans Nee. H Cyperus compressus L. H Cyperus haspan L. H Cyperus rotundus L. H * Kyllinga brrevifolia Rottb. H.+ Mariscus sumatrensis (Retz.) T Koyama Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq. H GRAMINEAE Arundo formosana Hack. H Cenchrus echinatus L. H.* Chloris barbata Sw. H.* H.+ H.* V.+ H Digitaria magna (Honda) Tsuyama H.+ Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.var.formosensis Ohwi Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. H Imperata cylindri (L.) Beauv. var. major (Ness) C. E. Hubb. ex Hubb. & Vaughan Lophatherum gracile Brougn. H.+ Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex Schum. & Laut Panicum repens L. H.+ H.+ H.+ H Paspalum conjugatum Berg. H Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata T.* Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubb Saccharum spontaneum L. H.+ H.+ H.* Setaria palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf H Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. H.+

413 Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) W.D Clayton PALMAE Arenga engleri Beccari S ARACEAE Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endl Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. V * Rhaphidophora aurea (Lindl.ex Andre.) Birdsey TYP HACEAE Typha orientalis Presl. H Typha orientalis var orientails Presl ZINGIBERACEAE ( ) Alpinia speciosa (Wendl.) K.Schum. H.+ H.+ H.+ V.* H.+

414 GIS Family B0047 Ardeidae Egretta garzetta D B0048 Egretta intermedia M/W B0045 Egretta eulophotes M/W B0046 Egretta eulophotes II M/W B0056 Ixobrychus sinensis D/W B0043 Butorides striatus M B0054 Ixobrachus cinnamomeus D B0058 Nycticorax nycticorax D/M/W B0038 Ardea cinerea M/W B0042 Bubulcus ibis M B0077 Anatidae Anas poecilorhyncha D/M/W B0071 Anas crecca M/W B0070 Anas clypeata M/W B0088 Aythya marila M/W B0069 Anas acuta M/W B0102 Mergus serrator M*/W B0122 Accipitridae Circus aeruginosus M B0132 Spilornis cheela II D B0134 B0113 B0135 B0141 Accipiter gularis F Accipiter trivirgatus D Pandionidae Pandion haliaetus II M Falconudae Falco tinnunculus M B0007 Podicipedidae 鷉 Podiceps ruficolis D/W B0302 B0315 B0147 Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus affinis D Capitonidae Megalaima oorti D Phasianidae Bambusicola thoracica D B0151 Phasianus colchicus II D B0153 Turnicidae Turnix suscitator D B0159 Rallidae Amaurornis phoeniciurus D/W B0162 Gallinula chloropus D/W B0164 Porzana fusca D/W B0176 Rostratulidae Rostratula benghalensis II D/W B0224 Scolopacidae Tringa hypoleucos M/W B0219 Tringa glareola M/W

415 B0201 Gallinago gallinago M/W B0221 Tringa hypoleucos D/M/W B0195 穉 Calidris ruficollis M/W B0199 Crocethia alba M/W B0191 Calidris alpina M/W B0223 Tringa nebularia M/W B0225 Tringa stagnatilis M/W B0220 Tringa guttifer M/W B0232 Calidris ruficollis M*/W B0180 鴴 Charadriidae 鴴 Charadrius dubius D/M/W B0181 B0178 B0183 鴴 Charadrius hiaticula M/W 鴴 Charadrius alexandrinus D/M/W 鴴 Charadrius mongolus M/W B0238 鴴 Glareolidae 鴴 Glareola maldivarum II M B0332 B0331 B0256 Campephagidae Pericrocotus solaris III D Pericrocotus divaricatus II D Laridae Sterna hirundo M/W B0251 Sterna albifrons II D/W B0258 Sterna leucoptera M/W B0253 Sterna bergii D/W B0273 Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis D B0275 Streptopelia tranquebarica D B0274 B0279 Streptopelia tranquebarica D Cuculidae Centropus bengalensis D B0286 Cuculus saturatus M B0296 B0299 B0307 B0304 BF48 B0326 Strigidae Otus bakkamoena II D Otus spilocephalus Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis D/W Apodidae Apus nipalensis D Alaudidae Alauda gulgula D Hirundinidae Riparia paludicola D B0323 Hirundo rustica D/M B0325 Hirundo tahitica D B0463 Montacillidae Motacilla alba D/M B0469 Motacilla cinerea D/M B0471 Motacilla flava M B0380 Pycnonotidae Hypsipetes leucocephalus D D

416 B0382 Pycnonotus taiwanus III D N.A. Pycnonotus hybrid D B0383 B0478 Spizixos semitorques D Laniidae Lanius schach D B0476 Lanius cristatus III M B0399 Subfamily Turdinae Phoenicurus auroreus M B0394 Monticola solitarius M B0396 Myiophoneus insularis III D B0413 Turdus pallidus M B0407 Turdus chrysolaus M B0411 Turdus naumanni M B0400 B0367 B0365 B0376 Phoenicurus fuliginosus III Timalidae Garrulax canorus II Alcippe morrisonia D Yuhina brunneiceps III D D D B0363 Alcippe brunnea D B0375 Stachyris ruficeps D B0373 Pomatorhinus erythrogenys B0374 Pomatorhinus ruficollis D B0430 B0441 Sylviidae Cisticola juncidis D Prinia flaviventris B0442 Prinia subflava D B0426 Cettia diphone M B0430 Cisticola juncidis D B0422 Acrocephalus orientalis M B0432 Locustella lanceolata M D D B0499 Zosteropidae Zosterops japonica D B0453 Muscicapinae Hypothymis azurea D B0532 鵐 Emberizidae 鵐 Emberiza spodocephala M B0502 B0501 Ploceidae Lonchura punctulata D Lonchura malacca D B0503 Lonchura striata D B0537 Passer montanus D B0506 Lonchura maja F B0385 B0335 Cinclidae Cinclus pallasii D Dicruridae Dicrurus macrocercus D

417 B0347 Corvidae Dendrocitta formosae D B0343 Corvus macrorhynchos D B0351 B0480 B0600 Urocissa caerulea II Sturnidae Acridotheres cristatellus D Acridotheres grandis I II III D F M W D F GIS M0027 M0043 Family Leporidae Lepus sinensis formosus Muridae Bandicota indica Hodgson M0038 Rattus losea M0042 Mus formosanus Kuroda M0035 Rattus norvegicus M0044 Micromys minutus M0037 Rattus coxinga M0001 M0028 M0009 Talpidae Talpa micrura insularis Sciuridae Callosciurus erythraevs Soricidae Suncus murinus M0004 Crocidura attenuata tanakae M0058 M0019 M0054 Suidae Sus scrofa taivanus Vespertilionidae Pipistrellus abramus Viverridae Herpestes urva II M0062 Bovidae Capricornis crispus swinhoei M0059 Cervidae Muntiacus reevesi micrurus M0026 Cercopithecidae Macaca cyclopis, II I II III

418 GIS Order R0058 Squamata Family Colubridae Oligodon formosanus (I,II,III) R0055 Ptyas mucosus R0056 Ptyas korros R0081 Boiga kraepelini R0061 Dinodon rufozonatum R0073 Cyclophiops major R0077 Elaphe carinata R0078 Elaphe tauniera friesei II R0062 R0085 R0083 Lycodon ruhstrati ruhstrati Hemibungarus sauteri Steindachner Elapidae Bungarus multicinctus multicinctus II II R0084 Naia atra II R0104 Viperidae Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri R0108 Vipera russellii II R0105 Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus II RF11 R0014 R0030 Typhlopidae Rhamphotyphlops braminus Gekkonidae Hemidacty frenatus Lacertidae Takydromus formosanus II R0029 Takydromus sauteri II R0036 R0040 Scincidae Eumeces elegans Sphenomorphus incognitus R0034 Mabuya longicaudata R0037 Eumeces chinesis chinesis R0002 Chelonia 8 24 Trionychidae Pelodiscus sinensis I II...III

419 GIS A0009 Anura Rhacophoridae Buergeria japonicus A0005 Buergeria robustus II A0006 Polypedates megacephalus A0004 Rhacophorus moltrechti II A0010 Rhacophorus effingeri A0015 Ranidae Rana adenopleura A0020 Rana latouchii A0014 Rana limnocharis limnocharis A0016 Rana narina swinhoana A0001 Bufonidae Bufo bufo (bankorensis) A0002 Bufo melanosticus I II III

420 GIS Bu0111 Graphium doson postianum Lepidoptera Papilinidae Bu0101 Troides aeacus II Bu0122 Bu0129 Papilio nephelus chaonulus Papilio bianor takasago Bu0123 Papilio protenor amaura Bu0104 Bu0120 Byasa polyeuctes termessus Papilio polytes pasikrates Bu0109 Graphium sarpedon Bu0205 Pieridae Eurema blanda arsakia Bu0221 Pieris rapae crucivora Bu0222 Pieris canidia canidia Bu0219 Bu0627 Bu0625 Bu0631 Nymphalidae Hebomoia glaucippe formosana Neptis reducta Neptis nata lutatia Pantoporia hordonia rihodona Bu0640 Athyma perius perius Bu0608 Polygonia caureum lunulata Bu0603 Ariadne ariadne pallidior Bu0601 Timelaea albescens formosana Bu0606 Kaniska canace Bu0309 Bu0313 Bu0312 Bu0306 Bu0304 Danaidae Idea leuconoe clara Euploea eunice hobsoni Euploea sylvester swinhoei Tirumala limniace limniace Radena similis similis Bu0308 Parantica sita niphonica Bu0307 Parantica melaneus swinhoei Bu0311 Euploea tulliolus Bu0302 Bu1064 Bu1074 Bu0429 Bu0402 Bu0404 Bu0431 Salatura genutia genitia Catochrysops panormus exiguus Lycaenidae Satyridae Zizeeria maha okinawana Mycalesis sangaica mara Ypthima baldus zodina Ypthima multistriata Mycalesis gotama nanda

421 B1126 Dr0079 挵 Hesperiidae Odonata Coenagrionidae 挵 Potanthus confucius Pseudagrion pilidorsum pilidorsum Dr0085 Ischnura senegalensis Dr0144 Euphaeidae Euphaea formosa Dr0143 Bayadera brevicauda Dr0036 Dr0146 Dr0084 Calopterygidae Megapodagrionidae Platycnemididae Matrona basilaris Rhipidolestes aculeatus Copera marginipes Rambur Dr0081 Coeliccia cyanomelas Dr0082 Coeliccia flavicauda Dr0025 Dr0046 Dr0060 Dr0099 Gomphidae Aeshnidae Libellulidae Lamelligomphus formosanus Anax parthenope julius Polycanthagyna erythromelas Diplacodes trivialis Dr0121 Pantala flavescens Dr0138 Trithemis festiva Dr0118 Orthetrum sabina sabina Dr0108 Neurothemis ramburii Dr0137 Trithemis aurora Dr0120 Orthetrum triangulare Dr0010 Cordulegastridae Chlorogomphus risi I.II....III

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