貳、甲基安非他命之研究主題背景

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1 behavioral sensitization (Robinson, 1984) substantia nigra, SN (Robinson, 1984) Dahlstrom Fuxe (Dahlstrom and Fuxe, 1965) 12 A1~A12 A13 A17 10

2 mesencephalic DA cell system telencephalon mesotelencephalon dopaminergic system (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) tuberoinfundibular DA cell A12 nucleus arcuate periventricular nuclei pituitary median eminence prolactin 11

and Kalivas, 1997) tuberoinfundibular DA cell A12

3 A 9 substantia nigra, SN A 10 ventral tegmental area, VTA pars compacta nigrostriatal pathway mesocortical pathway nucleus accumbens, NAc mesolimbic pathway (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) - basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits motor oculomotor prefrontal limbic 12

mesolimbic pathway (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997)

4 cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (Carlsson, 1988) (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) mesocorticolimbic dopamine system 13

5 precursor tyrosine tyrosine hydroxylase TH dihydrophenylalamine DOPA L-aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase vesicles transporter pool 1 releasable 2 storage exocytosis reuptake reserpine 14

6 autoreceptor heteroreceptor 1997 / -ATPase

7 (Robinson and Becker, 1986; Robinson and Berridge, 1993) monoamine oxidase MAO DOPAC dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid COMT catechol-o-methyl transferase HVA homovanillic acid 3-MT 3-methoxy-tyramine DOPAC HVA HVA DOPAC Fig DOPAC DOPAC L-DOPA tyrosine hydroxylase TH 16

catechol-o-methyl transferase HVA homovanillic acid 3-MT

8 1993 D 1 -like D 2 -like D 1 -like D 1 D 5 D 2 -like D 2 D 3 D 4 D 1 D 2 autoregulatory receptor D 3 D 4 D 2 D 5 (Josselyn et al., 1997) D 1 D 5 Gs adenylyl cyclase camp phospholipase C D 2 Gi adenylyl cyclase camp D 3 D 4 17

9 Liberman 1990 presynaptic autoreceptor dopamine 6-hydroxydopamine 6-OHDA (Lieberman et al., 1990) locomotion stereotype reward 18

10 5 mg/kg (Fischer and Cho, 1979) - (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) Garlsson 1959 Parkinson s disease bradykinesia rigidity extrapyramidal system 6-OHDA (Ungerstedt, 1971) 19

11 Levodopa L-DOPA (Ungerstedt, 1971; Marshall and Ungerstedt, 1976; Marshall and Gotthelf, 1979) stereotype behavioral (Randrup and Munkvad, 1967) (Creese and Iversen, 1973; Kelly et al., 1975) (Kelly et al., 1975; Kelly and Iversen, 1976) (Koob and Bloom, 1988) (Pijnenburg and van Rossum, 1973; Costall et al., 1975; Jones et al., 1981) Freed Yamamoto(Freed and Yamamoto, 1985) 20

12 amplifier (Pijnenburg et al., 1975) (Costall et al., 1975; Kelly et al., 1975) DOPA microdialysis voltamertry 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT (Robinson and Becker, 1986) VTA (Pijnenburg et al., 1975) forebrain (Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) 21

13 (Hooks et al., 1994) mg/kg 5 mg/kg licking biting (Porrino et al., 1984) 10 mg/kg (Lieberman et al., 1990) 1986 Kuczenski 2.5 mg/kg (Kuczenski et al., 1991) hypervigilant 22

14 (Wise, 1978) (Agarwal et al., 1985; Robinson and Becker, 1986) Ujike et al., 1990 (Robinson, 1984) 1971 Ellinwood (Ellinwood and Cohen, 1971) (Segal and Mandell, 1974; Wise and Leeb, 1993) 23

15 (Paulson and Robinson, 1991; Wolgin, 1995) reverse tolerance (Lieberman et al., 1990) paranoid schizophrenia pre-synaptic autoreceptor downregulation 4 pre-synaptic hyperpolarizing input 5 vesicle (Robinson and Becker, 1986; Segal and Kuczenski, 1992) (Robinson and Becker, 1986; Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) VTA initiation (Kalivas and Stewart, 1991) 24

pre-synaptic hyperpolarizing input 5 vesicle (Robinson and Becker, 1986; Segal and

16 expression (Kolta et al., 1989; Henry and White, 1991; Pierce and Kalivas, 1997) Pijnenburg Segal intraventricular (Paulson and Robinson, 1991) Ellison pellet (Ellison, 1994) 25

巴金森氏病的藥物治療表一巴金森氏病的分期肆藥物治療針對巴金森氏病, 目前已有多種藥物可供使用, 然而都只能做到改善症狀, 無法抑止巴金森氏病的病程進展藥物治療的

巴金森氏病的藥物治療表一巴金森氏病的分期肆藥物治療針對巴金森氏病, 目前已有多種藥物可供使用, 然而都只能做到改善症狀, 無法抑止巴金森氏病的病程進展藥物治療的 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 第 25 卷第 1 期巴金森氏病的藥物治療財團法人基督復臨安息日會臺安醫院藥劑科藥師廖清瑩李鴻欽壹前言巴金森氏病 (Parkinson's disease) 是一種進行性的神經退化性疾病, 發病年齡多在 50-70 歲左右