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1 黄鳍东方鲀人工育苗技术及胚胎仔稚幼鱼发育特征研究钟建兴, 刘波, 郑惠东, 李雷斌, 钟晨辉 (, ) 摘要 : 为开展黄鳍东方鲀 (Fugu xanthopterus) 批量全人工育苗胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育特征研究, 作者使用地欧酮 (DOM) 促黄体释放激素类似物(LRH) 及绒毛膜促性腺激素 (HCG) 对性成熟黄鳍东方鲀进行人工催产结果表明黄鳍东方鲀亲鱼效应时间为 39~60h, 获产率为 55.0%~92.5%; 卵受精率为 35.5%~84.7%, 3 年产卵 g; 受精卵在海水水温 17.0~23.2 盐度 21~30 ph8.0~8.2 人工条件下孵化, 孵化率为 33.6%~91.7%, 孵出仔鱼 499 万尾 ; 2005 年 2006 年经前期培育, 共培育出黄鳍东方鲀后期仔鱼万尾, 成活率为 68.2%~94.3%; 室内水泥池后期培育出平均全长 2.6 cm±0.2 cm 幼鱼尾, 成活率为 15.5%; 池塘生态培育出平均全长 3.7 cm±0.5 cm 幼鱼 53.3 万尾, 成活率为 11.2%~13.8% 黄鳍东方鲀受精卵为沉性黏性卵, 近椭球形, 乳白色, 卵膜厚且不透明, 卵径 0.9~1.0mm, 在海水水温 18.2~22.2 条件下, 3 h 分裂为 2 细胞 ; 3 h 20 min 4 细胞 ; 3 h 45 min 8 细胞 ; 10 h 10 min 多细胞 ; 17 h 30 min 囊胚出现 ; 28 h 原肠期 ; 57 h 15 min 胚体形成期 ; 69 h 20 min 心跳出现 ; 130 h 50 min 出膜期 ; 144 h 孵出仔鱼初孵仔鱼全长 2.2~2.4 mm, 体圆而粗短, 尾部细长透明 ; 孵出后第 20 天, 胸鳍臀鳍背鳍基本形成, 进入稚鱼期 ; 孵出后第 45 天, 上下颌门齿发达, 各鳍发育完整, 小刺基本形成, 进入幼鱼期关键词 : 黄鳍东方鲀 (Fugu xanthopterus); 育苗 ; 胚胎 ; 仔稚幼鱼中图分类号 : S961.1 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) doi: /hykx 鲀 (Fugu xanthopterus) 鲀, 鲀 (Tetraodontiformes) 鲀 (Tetraodontidae) 鲀 (Fugu), (),,,,, 2, 3~4,, ;,, 鲀,, ;,, [1] 鲀, [2-3] ph ; [4-5] 鲀,, 鲀 (Fugu bimaculatus) 鲀 (Fugu flavidus) [6-12], 2004 鲀, 2005 [13], 2006 ~2009,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 实施地点及主要设施 : m 2, 100 m 2, 400 m 3 ; 12, 950 m 2 ; 40 : ; : : ( 0415 ) : (1964-),,,,,,, : , zhongjianxing@sina.com Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 7 /

2 , m 2, 9, m 2 ; ; 3, 100 m 亲鱼来源及强化培育鲀 : (1) ; (2) : , 90, 28.9 cm 2.7 cm, g g; 2007, 60, 25.2 cm 1.4 cm, g 48.3 g, 0.13 hm 2, 2 m 2 m 1, 鲀 ; (Decapterus maruadsi) (Ostrea gigas ) (Ammodytes personatus), 1, 5~20 m 3 ; 2.5~4.0 kg/m 3 ;, 13.2~ ~ 亲鱼人工催产鲀 (DOM) (LRH) (HCG),, %, : 9: 00~ 10: 00; 15: 00~16: 00 : =( /) 100% 1.4 受精卵人工孵化, 0.5 m 3, 1~5 /ml, ; 17.0~ 23.2, 21~30, ph 8.0~8.2; : 1~4, 50%~60%; 5~6, 150%~200%; 7~8, 70%~80% =(/) 100% =( /) 100% 1.5 仔鱼分离 80%, ; 2~3 min,, ; ; 3~4,, 1.6 仔稚幼鱼培育 1.6.1, 1.5 m, 11~17 m 3, 5 m 1 ~6 /m 3 5 (Brachionus plicatilis), 5~8 /ml, 2~3 ; 10 8~10 /ml (Nannochloropsis oculata) 24 h 1 m,, : 5~8, ; 8~12 30%~50%; 12~15 70%~80% 18.5~ ~27.0 ph8.0~ 鲀 15 d, 3.0~4.0 mm, m 3, 1.5 m , 0.12 /m 3 15~20 d, 5 /ml; 15~35 d (Artemia salina), 0.1~0.5 /ml; 25~30 d ; 30 d 21.0~ ~27.0 ph8.0~ hm 2, 1.0~2.0 m, 1.5 kw, 30cm, (25 kg/667 m 2 )(100 kg/667 m 2 ), (100 )1.0m, () 90 ~110 /hm 2, 鲀 ; 15 d ( ), 45%~50%( ), 2~4 44 / 2015 / 39 / 7

3 1.7 胚胎仔稚幼鱼发育特征观察, ;, Leica (XSP-EMED) (XTL-2400) 鲀 ; Nikon(COOLPIXs8100), 30 2 结果 2.1 亲鱼人工催产与产卵 2005 鲀 25 ( 15, 10 ), 84.0%, g, 35.5%; , 92.5%, g, 84.7%; , 55.0%, 5 00 g, 67.0%( 1) 2006, ( 2) 39~60 h g 2.2 受精卵人工孵化 %, 57 ; %, 417 ; 鲀 62.2%, 25 ( 3) 3 (7 400 g 鲀 ) 499 表年 ~2007 年黄鳍东方鲀 ( 85 尾 ) 催产结果 Tab. 1 The spawning inducement results of Fugu xanthopterus ( 85) from 2005 to 2007 ( ) ( )(/kg) ( ) (h) ( ) (%) (g) LRH-A 3 1.0µg+DOM2.0 mg 18.8~ LRH-A 3 1.5µg+HCG400 IU 19.6~ LRH-A 3 4.0µg+HCG400 IU 19.2~ ~ LRH-A 3 2.0µg+HCG300 IU 20.6~ ~ LRH-A 2 2.0µg+DOM2.0 mg 16.8~ LRH-A 2 2.5µg+ DOM1.5 mg 17.8~ ~ LRH-A 2 4.0µg+HCG200 IU 18.5~ ~ LRH-A 2 2.0µg+HCG400 IU 20.8~ ~ LRH-A 2 2.0µg+DOM1.0 mg 20.0~ LRH-A 2 3.0µg+ DOM1.5 mg 17.0~ LRH-A 2 3.0µg+HCG300 IU 16.0~ ~ ( ) : 表 2 黄鳍东方鲀三年产卵情况比较 Tab. 2 The spawning comparison of Fugu xanthopterus in three years (%) (%) (g) (g/ ) 仔鱼前期培育鲀 40, 69.7%~71.4%, 70.2%; 鲀 354.5, 68.2%~94.3%, 85.0%( 4) 鲀 ; 仔稚幼鱼后期培育 , 2.0 鲀 45 d, 3 100, 15.5% 2.6 cm 0.2 cm, 0.5 g d, 鲀 3.7 cm 0.5 cm 2005 鲀 5.0, 16.7%; 2006 鲀 45.5, 13.3%; , 11.2%( 5) , 2 Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 7 /

4 表年 ~2007 年黄鳍东方鲀受精卵人工孵化结果 Tab. 3 The artificial hatching results of Fugu xanthopterus oosperms from 2005 to 2007 (. ) ( ) (g) () (%) () (%) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 表年 2006 年黄鳍东方鲀室内前期培育 Tab. 4 The prophase of indoor breeding of Fugu xanthopterus in 2005 and (m 3 ) (. ) () (/m 3 ) (. ) () (%) 表 5 黄鳍东方鲀池塘生态培育结果 Tab. 5 The ecological breeding results of Fugu xanthopterus in earth pool (hm 2 ) (. ) () (/hm 2 ) (. ) () (cm) (%) 鲀 Fig. 1 The growth curve of larvae and juveniles of Fugu xanthopterus in cement pool Fig. 2 The growth curve of larvae and juveniles of Fugu xanthopterus ecologically bred in earth pool in 2005 and / 2015 / 39 / 7

5 2.5 胚胎发育鲀,,,, 1 0.9~1.0 mm, 1 200,,, 2~3 d, ;,, 鲀 18.2~22.2, 1 h 5 min ; 3 h 2 ; 3 h 20 min 4 ; 3 h 45 min 8 ; 10 h 10 min ; 17 h 30 min ; 28 h ; 57 h 15 min ; 69 h 20 min ;130 h 50 min ; 144 h ( 6 3) 2.6 仔稚幼鱼发育特征鲀 2.2~2.4 mm; 0.6 mm 0.8 mm, ;,, 0.24~0.28 mm;, 1/2; ; ; 2, 2.5~2.6 mm, ;, 0.6 mm 0.75 mm 3, 2.5~2.7 mm,, ; 4, 2.6~2.8 mm,,, 2/3 5, 2.7~2.9 mm,,,, 20,,,, 45,,,,,,, ( 4) 表 6 黄鳍东方鲀的胚胎发育进程 Tab. 6 The developmental stages of Fugu xanthopterus embryo ( : ) 1. 1: 05,, : 00,, 2, 4 3: 20,, 4, 8 3: 45, 8, 10: 10,, 13: 00, 3. 17: 30,, 21: 45,, 4. 28: 00 1/3 35: 15 1/3~1/2 46: 10 1/2~4/ : 15, 62: 35 69: 20,, 96: 15,, 116: 45,,, 1/2, 123: 00,,,,, 2/ : 50, 4/5,,,, ( ) : 00, : 18.2~22. 2 Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 7 /

Fig. 3 图 3 黄鳍东方鲀胚胎发育 The development of embryo of Fugu xanthopterus 3-1. 受精卵; 3-2. 卵膜举起; 3-3. 2 细胞期; 3-4. 4 细胞期; 3-5. 8 细胞期; 3-6. 多细胞期; 3-7. 桑椹期; 3-8. 高囊胚; 3-9. 低囊胚; 3-10. 原肠初期; 3-11. 原肠中期; 3-12.

6 Fig. 3 图 3 黄鳍东方鲀胚胎发育 The development of embryo of Fugu xanthopterus 3-1. 受精卵; 3-2. 卵膜举起; 细胞期; 细胞期; 细胞期; 3-6. 多细胞期; 3-7. 桑椹期; 3-8. 高囊胚; 3-9. 低囊胚; 原肠初期; 原肠中期; 原肠后期; 眼泡形成期; 体节形成期; 心跳出现期; 色素形成期; 3-17.晶体形成期; 孵出前期; 3-19~3-20.出膜期; 所有标尺表示 0.5mm 3-1. feitilized egg; 3-2. membrane lift; cell stage; cell stage; cell stage; 3-6. multi-cell stage; 3-7. morula stage; 3-8. early blastula stage; 3-9. late blastula stage; early gastrula stage; mid gastrula stage; late gastrula stag; optic vesicle stage; myotome formation stage; heart pulsation stage; pigment formation stage; crystal formation stage; early hatching stage; 3-19~3-20. hatching-out stage; All the bars represent 0.5 mm 3 鲀生物学及遗传特性[14-15]外, 有两个显著特点: (1)生讨论长速度比小型东方鲀 ( 双斑东方鲀菊黄东方鲀 )快; 黄鳍东方鲀属大型东方鲀种类, 除具一般东方 48 (2) 性情凶残生长速度快可缩短黄鳍东方鲀养殖海洋科学 / 2015 年 / 第 39 卷 / 第 7 期

Fig. 4 4 鲀 The development of larvae and juveniles of Fugu xanthopterus 4-1.; 4-2.2 d ; 4-3.3 d ; 4-4.4 d ; 4-5.; 4-6.; 1.0 mm 4-1. hatching-out larva; 4-2. 2 d larva; 4-3. 3 d larva; 4-4.

7 Fig. 4 4 鲀 The development of larvae and juveniles of Fugu xanthopterus 4-1.; d ; d ; d ; 4-5.; 4-6.; 1.0 mm 4-1. hatching-out larva; d larva; d larva; d larva; 4-5. juvenile; 4-6. young fish; All the bars represent 1.0 mm,, 鲀,,,,,, ;,,,,, :,,, ;,,, [2-5], 2 鲀 (2007 ),, 3 (2006 ), 3,,,,, ; (95.9%)(82.4%),,,,,, 鲀 : 鲀 15.0~25.0, 5.0~40.0; 20.0~30.0, 5.0~30.0 [2] [3] 鲀 (15.0~20.0 ) 鲀 [6-11] : 鲀, ; 鲀, 鲀,,,,, ; (36~42 h), ; ;,, [16-19],, ; (144 h), 3~4 ; (2~4 d);, ( 3-19~3-20);, ;, Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 7 /

8 鲀, 鲀 ( 10%~20%), ;, : [1]. [M].:, 2002: 7-9. [2],,,. ph 鲀 [J]., 2007, 3: [3],,,. 鲀 [J]., 2008, 27(5): [4],,,. 鲀 [J]., 2007, 26(4): [5],,,. 鲀 [J]., 2008, 28(6): [6],,,. 鲀 [J]., 2002, 3: [7]. 鲀 [J]., 2002, 26(8): [8]. 鲀 [J]., 2003, 27(9): [9],,,. 鲀 [J]., 2009, 33(6): 1-7. [10],,,. 鲀 [J]., 2007, 1: [11]. [J]., 2008, 3: [12],,,. 鲀鲀 ISSR [J]., 2008, 2: [13],,,. 鲀 [J]., 2005, 4: [14] Aparicio S, Chapman J, Stupka E, et al.whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Taki fugu rubripes[j].science, 2002, 297: [15] Takita, T, Intong S. Ecological studies on young puffers Taki fugu rubripes and T.xanthopterus in Ariake Sound[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1991, 57(10): [16],,,. [J]., 1998, 5(1): [17],,,. [J]., 2002, 26(3): [18],,,. [J]., 2004, 11(2): [19],,,. [J]., 2010, 2: / 2015 / 39 / 7

9 Research on artificial breeding technology and developmental characteristics of embryo and juvenile of Fugu xanthopterus ZHONG Jian-xing, LIU Bo, ZHENG Hui-dong, LI Lei-bin, ZHONG Chen-hui (Fishery Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen , China) Received: Sept., 1, 2014 Key words: Fugu xanthopterus; breeding; embryo; larvae and juveniles Abstract: In order to study the artificial breeding in large quantities and the development characteristics of the embryo and juveniles of Fugu xanthopterus, DOM, LRH and HCG were applied in matured F. xanthopterus for artificial spawning inducement. The results showed that the effective time for parents F. xanthopterus was 39~60, the spawning rate of parent fish was 55.0~92.5%, the fertility rate was 35.5%~84.7%, and the total spawning amounts in three years were 7400 g. The oosperms were spawned under the artificial conditions with water temperature of 17.0~23.2, salinity of 21~30 and ph 8.0~8.2. The hatching rate of F. xanthopterus was 33.6%~91.7% and the total number of juveniles was After the prophase breeding in 2005 and 2006, those juveniles were descended to and the survival rate of those juveniles was 68.2%~94.3%. In after-stage, the larvae and juveniles of F. xanthopterus were bred in cement pool, the average total-length of those juveniles was 2.6 cm±0.2 cm, the number of those juveniles was 3100 and the survival rate was 15.5%. The larvae and juveniles of F. xanthopterus were also ecologically bred in earth pool, the average total-length of those juveniles was 3.7 cm±0.5 cm, the number of those juveniles was and the survival rate was 11.2%~13.8%. We found that the oosperms of F. xanthopterus were sinking, ellipsoidal, milky white, and adhesive. The membrane of oosperms was thick and opaque, and the average diameter was 0.9~1.0 mm. Those oosperms were splitted into 2 cells after 3 h, 4 cells after 3 h 20 min, 8 cells after 3 h 45 min, multiple cells after 10 h 10 min, blastula stage after 17 h 30 min, gastrula stage after 28 h, formation stage after 57 h 15 min, heart pulsation stage after 69 h 20 min, hatching-out stage after 130 h 50 min and finally the larvae of F. xanthopterus after 144 h with the water temperature of 18.2~22.2. The first born larva was 2.2~2.4 mm, round and stubby, slender and transparent in tail. Pectoral fin, anal fin and dorsal fin of the larva were basically formed when hatched for 20 d, and after 45 d the incisors fully developed, each fin developed completely, scale formed basically and finally developed into juvenile stage. ( 本文编辑 : 谭雪静 ) Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 7 /

人工催产干法授精孵化胚胎发育观察

人工催产干法授精孵化胚胎发育观察金万昆俞丽杨建新张慈军高永平赵宜双王春英人工催产干法授精孵化胚胎发育观察胚盘隆起细胞期细胞期细胞期细胞期细胞期多细胞期囊胚早期囊胚中期囊胚晚期原肠早期原肠中期原肠晚期神经胚期胚孔封闭期眼泡出现期尾芽期晶体出现期肌肉效应期心脏搏动期孵出期日龄仔鱼日龄仔鱼日龄仔鱼日龄仔鱼感谢中国水产科学院黑龙江水产研究所沈俊宝研究员的悉心指导