On the Applications of Meteorological Satellites to Space Weather

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1 Space Weather Operations in China XiaoXin Zhang China Meteorological Administration

2 Outline 1. New Space weather center in CMA 2. Space Weather Activities in CMA 3. Related Activities in WMO 4. Future Projects 2

3 1. Introduction to China Meteorological Administration CMA NCSW NSMC One institute, two names National Satellite Meteorological Center 3

4 NSMC NSMC was founded in 1971 NSMC is a scientific research and operational facility under CMA NCSW NCSW was founded in 2002 NCSW acts as the national level center authorized by the National Council, to carry out the space weather operation and provide space weather services. 4

5 On July 1, 2004 CMA declared that NCSW began to provide space weather operational service

6 Missions of NCSW I. To study and draft strategy and development programs for China s Space weather operations. II. To build up space-based and ground-based monitoring systems for China s space weather operations. III. To be responsible for receiving, processing, distributing and studying space weather data. IV. To provide space weather monitoring and warning operations and services 6

7 Daily Operation of NCSW A. Data acquisition and collection B. Space weather analysis and forecast C. Space weather events evaluation D. Providing products and services

8 Outlook of Welcome to visit our Center when you go to Beijing!

9 Outline 1. New Space weather center in CMA 2. Space Weather Activities in CMA 3. Related Activities in WMO 4. Future Projects 9

10 Meteorological satellites & Space Weather The space environment data from Meteorological satellites are critical for developing, driving, and validating space weather models. The space environment measurements from Meteorological satellites are a critical component of Space Weather Operations and Services. Meteorological satellites would advance our understanding of the space environment. 10

11 2.1 Observations & Operations FENGYUN (FY) Meteorological satellites: I. FY Polar Satellites FY-1(D) FY-3(A) FY-3 (B) FY-3 02 series II. FY geostationary Satellites FY-2(C D E) Coming soon: FY-2 (F G H) FY-4 (A) Status of FY 11

12 Current SWx Sensors : FY-1/FY-3 FY-1(D) Sun-synchronous orbit ~ 870km energetic particle detectors FY-3(A/B/C/D/E/F)(A/B launched) Sun-synchronous 830km Space Environment Monitor Unit high energy particle detector single-events-upsets monitor satellite surface charging potential detector space radiation environment monitor 12

13 Current SWx Sensors : FY-2 D/E FY-2(D/E, C still there, F/G/H 2011~2016) Space Environment Monitors electrons protons Heavy particles X-ray flux Monitor FY-2D FY-2E FY-2 Dual GEOSat Operations 13

14 Spwx 国家空间天气监测预警中心 monitor and analytic system FY-1D High energy Particle Monitoring FY-2 High energy Particle Monitoring

15 FY-3A/B Satellites: Operation and products electron Proton Operation System Monitoring Products 15

Ground-based Sensors Solar activities Solar optical telescope (2010) Solar radio telescope (2011) Solar magnetic field telescope (2012) Upper atmospheric and Ionospheric phenomena 5 Ionosonde

16 Ground-based Sensors Solar activities Solar optical telescope (2010) Solar radio telescope (2011) Solar magnetic field telescope (2012) Upper atmospheric and Ionospheric phenomena 5 Ionosonde stations (2010) 4 Scintillation stations (2010) 4 Riometer stations (2010) 1 MF Radar (2011) 1 Optical FPI (2011) 1 Mobile Ionosonder (2011)) Metereorological Monitoring and disaster Forecasting Project 16

magnetometers, traditional and digital ionosondes, incoherent scatter radars, high-frequency backscatter

17 Meridian Project (Meridian Circle Program) A Chinese multi-station chain of 8 different types of instruments (95 stations) along 120ºE. A chain of stations is also being constructed roughly following 30 N, spanning from Lhasa to Shanghai. magnetometers, traditional and digital ionosondes, incoherent scatter radars, high-frequency backscatter radars,mesospheres-stratosphere-troposphere radars, meteor radars, lidar (light detection and ranging), Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) aurora spectrographs. 60 W 120 E 17

are available now for routine operation in CMA.

18 Ground-based Sensors (cont.) GPS/MET network TEC data (maps) over China from more than 400 GPS/MET stations are available now for routine operation in CMA. In near future (by 2015), the number of GPS stations will increase to about 2500 stations latitude longitude 18

19 19

20 2.2 Operational Products Forecast type Forecast time Operation products Long term A year Solar activity index Mid-term A month Solar activity index Solar activity indices Yearly Solar Spot Number Solar F10.7cm flux Monthly Solar Spot Number Solar F10.7cm flux SSN F10.7cm flux flares SPE CME Short term 1-3 days Geomagnetic activities Storm Ap index Dst index Ionospheric weather Ionospheric background, disturbances, storms scintillations etc. Warning Several minutes to 3 days Solar activities Geomagnetic activity Ionospheric weather Solar flares SPE CME Geomagnetic storms Ionospheric storm disturbances Scintillations Solar activities Solar flares SPE CME Nowcast Events Geomagnetic activity Ionospheric weather Geomagnetic storms Ionospheric storm disturbances 20

21 Prediction for Solar Cycle 24 We predict that the peak of solar activities will occur between 2013 and 2015, and the maximum of smoothed monthly mean sunspot number is expected to be 64 ± 5. Figure 1 the prediction of sunspot number for solar cycle 24 21

22 2.3 Research and modeling (a) A new 3-D asymmetric magnetopuase model 22

23 2.3 Research and modeling (b) Moon-based plasmasphere image simulation 23

24 2.4 Education and Outreach Program News & Media 24

25 25

26 Space Weather forecast Symbols & Classfication(V1.0) Solar activity indicator Geomagnetic activity Indicator GEO Orbit radiation Level Ionospheric communication Level

27 Space Weather Bulletins Issue to public daily, weekly, and monthly. 27

28 Cooperation and Supports in China 中国科学院电子学研究所中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心中国电波传播研究所国家天文台中国空间技术研究院中国科学院高能物理研究所中国科学院地质地球物理研究所中国极地研究中心中国科学院大气物理研究所云南天文台紫金山天文台中国科学技术大学北京大学解放军理工大学武汉大学山东大学南昌大学中南民族大学南京大学北京航空航天大学长沙理工大学南京信息工程大学

29 Outline 1. New Space weather center in CMA 2. Space Weather Activities in China 3. Related Activities in WMO 4. Future Projects 29

30 3.1 Space Weather activities in WMO Executive Council endorsed principle of WMO activities in support of Space weather In May 2010, the Inter-programme Coordination team on Space Weather (ICTSW) was established, with focus on: Harmonizing observations Exchange of data and products through the WMO Information System Definition of products, warning procedures Linkage between research and operational communities Cooperation with ICAO, IMO, ITU, ISES, OOSA/COPUOS etc.

31 Inter-Programme Coordination Team for Space Weather - Australia Phil Wilkinson - Finland Kirsti Kauristie - Belgium Ronald Van der Linden - Japan Ken Murata - Brazil Hisao Takahashi - South Korea (will nominate soon) - Canada Larisa Trichtchenko - Russian Federation Vyacheslav Burov - China (Co-chair) Xiaoxin Zhang - United Kingdom David Jackson - Colombia Jaime Villalobos Velasco - United States (Co-chair) Terry Onsager, - Ethiopia Yitaktu Tesfatsion Jim Head, Joe Davila, Kelly Hand - European Space Agency Alain Hilgers - International Civil Aviation Organization R. Romero - International Space Environment Service David Boteler - International Telecommunication Union Sergio Buonomo - UN Office of Outer Space Affairs Hans Haubold - WMO Jerome Lafeuille

32 3.2 CMA-NOAA The Joint Working Group meeting (JWG-17) between the CMA and NOAA. Focusing on: Data exchange and Instrument calibration in space weather activities 32

33 Outline 1. New Space weather Center in CMA 2. Space Weather Activities in China 3. Related Activities in WMO 4. Future Projects 33

34 4.1 FY-3 02 : New Payloads ( ) (C/D/E/F satellites) Ionospheric Photometer (IPM) Wide-angle Aurora Imager (WAI) GNSS Occultation Sounder (GNOS) UV Light 34

35 4.2 FY-4 : New Payloads ( ) Geomagentic field detector: FGM Solar X-ray & EUV Imager (SXEI) Solar Flare CME Coronal Hole 35

4.3 Special operational satellites for ionospheric weather With the dawn-dusk polar orbit of 800-1500 km, the satellite could get the ionospheric images and solar

36 4.3 Special operational satellites for ionospheric weather With the dawn-dusk polar orbit of km, the satellite could get the ionospheric images and solar activities (Sun-synchronous obit -> FY-3) The equator satellite is in low Earth orbit km and could in-situ monitor the small scale structure of ionosphere. 36

37 4.4 Space weather Virtual Constellation 37

38 Thanks! 38

1.2 资金的管理 1.1 权利义务来源 MOU 1.3 数据的使用和保护 2 国际空间站资源分配方案 54

1.2 资金的管理 1.1 权利义务来源 MOU 1.3 数据的使用和保护 2 国际空间站资源分配方案 54 第 29 卷第 12 期全球科技经济瞭望 Vol. 29 No. 12 2014 年 12 月 Global Science, Technology and Economy Outlook Dec. 2014 刘阳子 ( 中国科学技术信息研究所, 北京 ) 摘要 : 空间探索既复杂艰巨又耗资甚大, 因此, 世界各国无