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1 土壤 (Soils), 2015, 47(1): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 三七种植土壤中主要污染物累积及微生物特性变化 1,2 1,2 1, ,2 1 3 (1 () () ) Zn Cr Cd As Ni Hg Cu As Cd Cu Cr µg/kg As Ni S (BHC) (DDT) (PCNB) [1 2] [3] BHC DDT [4] PCNB As Hg Pb Cd [5 6] Cooper [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] ~ m mm 270 ~ h ~ 20 cm () (No.HPG/AT/027) * (yteng@issas.ac.cn) (1989 ) yzhu@issas.ac.cn

2 表 1 Table 1 土壤样品采集信息 Information of soil samples N E N E N E N E 2 NY/T PCNB [14] 5 g 60 ml / ( 1.. 1)20 ml 30 min r/min 3 min ml (w.. w.. w= ) /( 1.. 1) 30 ml / 1 ml 5 ml 1 ml, Varian 3800 DB-35MS 1.0 μl 1.0 ml/min 260 ECD min 40 /min min 6 /min min 40 /min min PCNB (10 µg/g) 92.0% 1.7% 1.3 ~ 4.7 µg/kg 1.4 Cu Zn Pb Cr Cd As Ni HgCd Pb Cu Zn Cr Ni As Hg ph ph 0.5 mol/l 1 mol/l - (CEC) [15] 1.5 TTC (FDA) [16] Biolog GN 10 g 100 ml 250 r/min 10 min 10 3 Biolog GN Biolog 150 µl h Biolog 590 nm (AWCD) Shannon Simpson McIntosh 1.6 Microsoft Excel 2003 Origin8.0 CANOCO ph 5.0 ~ 8.0 [17] ph ph

3 1 123 表 2 三七不同种植年限土壤基本理化性质 Table 2 Physico-chemical properties of soils with different notoginseng-planting years (1) (2) (4) (5) ph ~ ~ ~ (g/kg) ~ ~ ~ CEC (cmol/kg) ~ ~ ~ (g/kg) ~ ~ ~ (g/kg) ~ ~ ~ (g/kg) ~ ~ ~ (mg/kg) ~ ~ ~ (mg/kg) ~ ~ ~ (mg/kg) ~ ~ ~ [18] 2 ( 3% ~ 4% 120 ~ 150 mg/kg 150 ~ 200 mg/kg) 3 (10 ~ 20 mg/kg) 2.2 [19 20] PCNB 3 3 PCNB ~ µg/kg 42.6 µg/kg 58.3% ~ µg/kg 79.4 µg/kg 33.3% PCNB PCNB 90.1 µg/kg µg/kg 表 3 土壤中农药残留种类及其含量 (µg/kg) Table 3 Types and concentrations of pesticide residues in soils nd ~ % nd ~ % nd 0 0 nd 0 0 nd As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn mg/kg [21] 12 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Zn 7 100% 75% 33.3% 91.7% 25% 100% 58.3% Pb As Cd 520% 690% As

4 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn 表 4 三七不同种植年限土壤中重金属含量 (mg/kg) Table 4 Concentrations of heavy metals in soils with different notoginseng-planting years (1) (2) (4) (5) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ [22] [23] As Cd Hg Zn 40% As Cd Hg Ni Pb Zn Cr Cu 2.4 [24] [25] [26] % 59.1% [27 28] Cr Cu [29 30] 表 5 三七不同种植年限土壤酶活性 Table 5 Enzyme activities of soils with different notoginseng-planting years (TPF, 10 3 μg/g, ) (FDA) (, μg/(g 20 min), ) (NH + 4 -N, mg/g, ) (1) ± b ± 1.02 a 0.14 ± 0.02 b (2) ± ab ± 0.24 a 0.46 ± 0.40 ab (4) ± a ± a 1.04 ± 0.85 a (5) ± ab ± 4.82 a 0.43 ± 0.23 ab (P 0.05) (AWCD) 1 AWCD 108 h (P 0.05) AWCD [31]

5 1 125 图 1 三七不同种植年限土壤微生物群落平均吸光值 (AWCD) 的变化 Fig. 1 Changes of AWCD of soils with different notoginsengplanting years [12] AWCD AWCD Shannon Simpson McIntosh [32] 2 Simpson PCNB Shannon McIntosh >>> 4.1% 19.3% [10] 图 2 Fig. 2 三七不同种植年限土壤微生物多样性指数变化 Functional diversity indices of microbial community in soils with different notoginseng-planting years 2.6 (RDA) [33] 10 (CCA) As Cr Hg Ni 4 20 RDA ( 3) % 42.5% 7.4% Muhammad [34] [35] As Shannon McIntosh As Ni Cr Simpson FDA [36] Cr As Ni 3 图 3 RDA 分析结果 Fig. 3 Result of redundancy analysis 1) As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn As Cd Cr Cu 2) As Ni 3)

6 [1],,. [J]., 2000, 25(7): [2],,. [J]., 2002, 37(7): [3],,. 23 [J]., 2002, 37(11): [4],,,,. [J]., 1993(1): [5] Bateman J, Chapman RD, Simpson D. Possible toxicity of herbal remedies[j]. Scottish Medical Journal, 1998, 43(1): [6] Ernst E, Coon JT. Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: A systematic review[j]. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2001, 70(6): [7] Cooper K, Noller B, Connell D, Yu J, Sadler R, Olszowy H, Golding G, Tinggi U, Moore M, Myers S. Public health risks from heavy metals and metalloids present in traditional Chinese medicines[j]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2007, 70(19): [8],,,,,. GAP 26 [J]., 2007, 29(10): [9],. [J]., 1995, 2(10): [10],,,,,,. [J]., 2005, 25(6): [11],,. [J]. ( ), 2011(2): [12],,,,. [J]. ( ), 2006, 28(5): [13] Magurran AE. Ecological diversity and its measurement [M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988 [14],,,. [J]., 1991(3): 45 49, 95 [15]. [M]. :, 1999 [16],,. [M]. :, 2008 [17],,,,,. [J]., 2006(3): [18],,,,,,. [J]., 2013, 26(5): [19] Mazzola M. Assessment and management of soil microbial community structure for disease suppression[j]. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 2004, 42: [20],,,,,,,,. [J]., 2006, 39(7): [21]. (GB ) [S]. :, 1995 [22],,,. [J]., 2011, 32(3): [23],,,,. [J]., 2003(11): [24],,,. [J]., 2007, 18(3): [25] Moreno JL, Garcıa C, Landi L, Falchini L, Pietramellara G, Nannipieri P. The ecological dose value(ed 50 ) for assessing Cd toxicity on ATP content and dehydrogenase and urease activities of soil[j]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(4): [26] Battin TJ. Assessment of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total esterase activity in natural stream sediment biofilms[j]. Science of the Total Environment, 1997, 198(1): [27], Grego S. [J]., 2000, 33(1): [28] Brookes PC, McGrath SP. Effect of metal toxicity on the size of the soil microbial biomass[j]. Journal of Soil Science, 1984, 35(2): [29]. [J]., 2004, 35(4): [30] Verstraete W, Voets JP. Soil microbial and biochemical characteristics in relation to soil management and fertility[j]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1977, 9(4): [31],,,,,,. [J]., 2012, 23(3): [32] Atlas RM. Diversity of microbial communities[j]. Advances in Microbial Ecology, 1984, 7: 1 47 [33] Borcard D, Legendre P, Drapeau P. Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation[j]. Ecology, 1992, 73(3): [34] Muhammad A, Xu J, Li Z, Wang H, Yao H. Effects of lead and cadmium nitrate on biomass and substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial communities[j]. Chemosphere, 2005, 60(4): [35],. [J]., 1996, 28(2): [36],,,,. [J]. ( ), 2009(1): 25 30

7 1 127 Pollutant Accumulation and Microbiological Characteristics Change in Notoginseng-planting Soils ZHU Ye 1,2, TENG Ying 1,2*, ZHANG Man-yun 1,2, MA Wen-ting 1, LIU Wu-xing 1, REN Wen-jie 1, LUO Yong-ming 1,2, LI Zhen-gao 1,GUO Dong 3 (1 Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing , China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China; 3 Infinitus Co., LTD., Guangzhou , China) Abstract: The main pollutant accumulation and microbiological characteristics changes in soils with different notoginsengplanting years were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the contents of all heavy metals, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Ni, Hg and Cu exceeded the national soil environment quality standard, and the pollution levels of As and Cd were the most serious. With the increase of notoginseng-planting year, the contents of Cu and Cr in soil increased. Pentachloronitrobenzene and chlorpyrifos remained in the soils and the average contents were 42.6 µg/kg and 79.4 µg/kg, respectively. With the increase of notoginsengplanting year, the utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities was enhanced, the uniformity of microbial species changed, the activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease increased first and then decreased. Redundancy analysis showed that As and Ni inhibited microbial activity and diversity. Key words: Notoginseng planting soils; Pesticides; Heavy metals; Soil enzyme activity; Microbial functional diversity

13期

13期中国农学通报 2012,28(13):271-275 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 磷石膏改良基质中 Cd Zn 在内的富集和迁移特征王运长 1, 李金娟 1, 解田 2, 杨丽萍 2 1, 郭兴强 ( 1 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025; 2 瓮

Microsoft Word 朱 烨_new_.doc

Microsoft Word 朱烨_new_.doc